2026构建 6G 洞察报告：统筹技术、政策与发展目标 BUILDING 6G Aligning technology,policy and purpose

RCRTech

BUILDING6G

Aligningtechnology,policyandpurpose

CONTENTS

Introduction:Fromfasternetworkstointelligent4infrastructure

6Gneedstosolveproblems,notsimplyimprove5performance

AIismovingfromapplicationtonetwork6

architecture

Fromconnectivitytosensing8

Sub-THzmayhaveatargetedrole9

Spectrumpolicywillhelpdeterminetheeconomics10

of6G

Sustainabilityhastobeaddressedatthesystemlevel11

Security,privacy,andresiliencemoveintothe12architecture

TestingmustevolvewithAIandsensing13

6Gwillneedtobuildon5G14

Thepolicyagendaextendsbeyondspectrum14

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Deploymenteconomicswillshapeinclusion15

Specificpublicbenefitsaremorecrediblethanbroad

promises

Thecommercialreadinesstest16

Theopportunityanetworkthatcombines16

intelligence,sensing,andcomputing

Conclusion:Making6Gpurposeful17

Explore6G

WKEYSIGHT

Readyforwhat'scomingin6G?

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INTRODUCTION:FROMFASTERNETWORKS

TOINTELLIGENTINFRASTRUCTURE

hedevelopmentof6Gistakingplaceagainstabackdropverydifferent

fromtheonethatshapedpreviousgenerationsofmobiletechnology.

Formuchoftheindustry'shistory,eachnewgenerationhasbeendefinedprimarilybyimprovementsinconnectivity:higherspeeds,greatercapacity,lowerlatency,andmoreefficientuseofspectrum.Thosecapabilitiessubsequentlyenablednewapplicationsandbusinessmodels,sometimesinwaysthatweredifficulttopredictwhenthenetworkswerebeingdesigned.

Theemerging6Gvisionismoredeliberate.Theindustryisincreasinglydiscussingartificialintelligence,integratedsensingandcommunicatons,distributedcomputing,digitaltwins,andnon-terrestrialnetworksasintegralelementsofthenextgenerationratherthansimplyascapabilitiesthatwillrunontopofconnectivity.

Thatshiftraisesafundamentalquestion:

whatshould6Gactuallybebuiltto

accomplish?

Theresponsesgatheredforthisreportsuggestthatthereisnosingleanswer,butthereisastrongcommonthread.6Gneedstocreatevaluebeyondincrementalimprovementsinconnectivity.ItneedstosupportAl-nativeapplicationsandoperationswhileremainingsecure,resilient,andenergy-efficientItneedssufficientspectrumandglobalinteroperability.Anditneedstoevolveeconomicallyfromthe5Ginfrastructureinwhichoperatorshavealreadyinvested.

Thecontributorsapproachthattransformationfromdifferentperspectives.ABIResearchseniorresearchdirectorDimitrisMavrakisarguesthatoperatorsneedtoestablishtheirroleintheAIeconomybefore6GbecomesfullydeployedNTTDocomoseniormanagerHirokiHaradadescribes6Gasfuturesocialinfrastructurebuiltaroundsustainability,efficiency,customerexperience,Al,andconnectivityeverywhere.VerizonCTOandseniorvicepresidentoftechnologydevelopmentYagoTenorioadvocatesause-

case-drivenapproach,particularlyaroundtheemergingAl-deviceecosystem.

KeysightheadofstrategicthoughtleadershipStephenDouglassees6Gevolvingintoaresilient,distributedfabricforcommunications,computing,sensing,andcontrol.NextGAlliancemanagingdirectorJaydeeGriffithputsnewvaluegenerationatthecenteroftheproposition.BattelleseniordirectorofproductdevelopmentMarkReudinkemphasizesAl-native,context-awareinfrastructureintegratingcommunication,sensingandcomputing,whileNokiaheadofstandardizationandecosystemengagementUliDropmanndescribes6Gasthefirstmobilegenerationinwhichcommunications,sensingandAl-nativecomputingaredeeplyintegrated,whilestressingtheneedforacost-effectiveevolutionfrom5G.

Together,theirviewspointtowardatransitioninwhichthemobilenetworkbecomessomethingconsiderablybroaderthanaconnectivityplatform.

Buttheyalsopointtoanimportantconstraint:themoreambitious6Gbecomestechnically,themoreimportantitwillbetoestablishaclearpurposeforthosecapabilities.

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6GNEEDSTOSOLVE

PROBLEMS,NOTSIMPLYIMPROVEPERFORMANCE

hestrongestcommonthemeacrosstheresponsesistheimportanceofdemonstratingtangiblevalue.

Mavrakisisparticularlydirect.Hearguesthattheindustryshouldavoiddevelopingcapabilitiesfirstandthensearchingforapplicationsthatjustifythem.

“Thebiggestchallengewillbetodesignanddeploy6Gasatrulycapablesystemthatsolvesindustryproblems,ratherthandesignasolutionlookingforaproblem,"saidMavrakis.

Hepointstonetworkslicing,private5G,andAPlsasexamplesoftechnologiesthatdidnotgeneratelargereturnsfortelecommunicationsoperators,andarguesthattheindustryneedstolearnfromthatexperienceasitapproaches6G.

ThatconcernisreflectedinGrifith'sassessmentofthebusinesscase.Heargues

thatthedefiningobjectiveof6Gshould

benewvaluegenerationforbothnetworkoperatorsandcustomers.

ForB2Bapplicationsinparticular,new6Gserviceswillneedtogeneratemeasurablevalueforenterprises,eitherthroughcostsavingsornewrevenueopportunities,whichcanultimatelytranslateintovaluefornetworkoperators.

Keysightmakesasimilarargumentfromtheperspectiveofthebroaderecosystem,identifyingreturnoninvestmentasoneofthecentralchallengesfacingtheindustry.

Thedistinctionisimportant.6Gresearchcanproducetechnicallyimpressivecapabilitieswithoutnecessarilyproducingasustainablecommercialmarket.

Thatmakesthetransitionfromresearchtodeploymentfundamentallydifferentfromatechnologyracebasedpurelyonperformance.

“Thebiggestchallengewillbetodesignand

deploy6Gasatrulycapablesystem

thatsolvesindustry

problems,rather

thandesignasolutionlookingforaproblem.”

—DimitrisMavrakis,seniorresearchdirector,ABIResearch

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AIISMOVINGFROMAPPLICATIONTO

NETWORKARCHITECTURE

rtificialintelligenceisthetechnologymostconsistentlyidentifiedascentralto6G.

ButtheresponsesmakeclearthattheAldiscussionisnotsimplyaboutconnectingmoreAl-enableddevices.ThemorefundamentalchangeistheintegrationofAlintothenetworkitself.

Mavrakissays6GisexpectedtobeAl-native,whileoperatorsarealreadyintroducingAlintoindividualnetworksystems.Theproblemisthattheseeffortsgenerallyremainconfinedtoindividualsystemsandvendors

“Thebiggestchallengeistoidentifythebalancebetweensignificantnetworkupgradesandvaluereturn,"hesaid.

Mavrakisnotesthatthereiscurrentlynonetwork-wideAlcapabilitybecauseofthefragmentednatureoftelecomnetworks.Operatorsconsideringmorecomprehensivetransformationsalsofacequestionsabouttalent,vendordependenceandwhatroletheyultimatelywanttooccupyintheAlmarket.

Thatleadstoastrategicquestionfortelecommunicationscompanies."Dotelcoswanttoremainconnectivityproviders,orbecomeAllandlords,AlinfrastructureprovidersorAlapplicationenablers?"

Mavrakisarguesthatthesedifferent

positionsinvolvedifferentrequirementsand

implementationpaths.

NTTDocomoapproachestheissuefromanoperationalperspective.HaradasaysAl-nativenetworkscanreduceoperationalcoststhroughautomationandlabor-savingwhileimprovingnetworkdesignandqualitybyusingoperationaldata.Butheidentifiesanimportantchallenge:Alandtelecommunicationsnetworksevolveondifferentcycles.

HaradathereforebelievesthatnetworksneedtocontinuouslyadoptthelatestandmostappropriateAltechnologieswithoutslowingthepaceofAlinnovation.

ForKeysight,thechallengeismorefundamentalbecauseAlintroducesprobabilisticbehaviorintosystemstraditionallydesignedaroundpredictableinterfacesandfailuremodes.

“Fromtheearly6Gresearchandinnovation

workweareundertakingwithindustry,IwouldsaythebiggesttechnicalchallengeismakingAlpartofthenetworkcontrolfabricwithoutcompromisingperformance,security,andinteroperability,"saidDouglas.

Douglasidentifiesdistributeddatagovernance,modellifecyclemanagement,federatedandedgelearning,inferenceplacement,latency,energyconsumptionandthesafeinteractionofAlagentswithRAN,core,transport,spectrum

"Fromtheearly

6Gresearchand

innovationworkwe

areundertakingwith

industry,Iwouldsay

thebiggesttechnical

challengeismaking

Alpartofthenetwork

controlfabricwithoutcompromising

performance,security,andinteroperability.”

—StephenDouglas,headofstrategicthoughtleadership,Keysight

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"Fromanetwork

operationstandpoint,

thereisachallenge

withtheinherent'lossofvisibility'intothe

networkthatnewAl-

nativefeaturesbring.It's'riskvs.reward."

—JaydeeGriffith,managingdirector,NextGAlliance

andapplication-layercontrolloopsasimportantchallenges.

Theoperationalmodelalsoneedstochange.Al-native6Gwillrequireoperatorstomovebeyondconventionalrule-basedautomationtowardintent-andmodel-drivenoperations.Thatcreatesnewrequirementsaroundmodelvalidation,observability,rollback,auditability,andlifecyclemanagement.

TheNextGAlliancehighlightsanotherproblem:visibilityintoAl-drivennetworkdecisions.

"Fromanetworkoperationstandpoint,

thereisachallengewiththeinherent'loss

ofvisibility'intothenetworkthatnewAl-nativefeaturesbring.It's'riskvs.reward,"saidGriffith.

Theorganizationarguesthatthe

industrywillneedtobalancetheriskofhandingessentialnetworkfunctionstoAlsystemswithlimitedvisibilityintotheir

decision-makingagainstthepotentialbenefitsofloweroperatingcostsandfasterdecision-making.

Battellesimilarlyidentifiesreliablereal-timemodels,high-qualitydistributeddata,privacyandsecurity,safeAlcontrolloops,interoperability.andmodellifecyclemanagementaskeychallengesforAl-native6G.

Theindustryisthereforenotsimplytryingtomakenetworksmoreautomated.Itistryingtodeterminewhichdecisionscansafelybeautomated,howthosedecisionscanbevalidated,andhowoperatorscan

retainsufficientvisibilityandcontrol.

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FROMCONNECTIVITYTOSENSING

ntegratedsensingandcommunicationsis

emergingasanotherdefiningelementof

the6Gvision.

Verizonseesintegratedsendingandcommunications(ISAC)aspotentiallythemostdisruptivetechnologyinthe6Gportfolio.“ISACfundamentallytransfomsthenetworkfromapurecommunicationspipelineintoamassive,globallydistributedsensor,saidTenorio.

Tenorioarguesthatbasestationsandmobiledevicescouldsimultaneouslydetectobjects,movementandthesurroundingenvironment,generatinginformationthatcouldsupportapplicationsincludingautonomousvehiclenavigationandprecisionindustrialautomation.

VerizonalsoconnectsISACdirectlytospectrumpolicy.ThecompanyarguesthatsensingaccuracyisrelatedtochannelbandwidthandthereforesaysthedevelopmentofISACwillinfluencetheindustry'sapproachtospectrum.

havingaparticularlyclearpathtowardlong-

termimpact.

BattelleseesAl-nativenetworkingandISACaspotentiallytransformativebecausetheychangetheroleofthenetworkitself,movingitfromapassivetransportsystemtowardanintelligentplatformcapableofsensingandinteractingwiththephysicalenvironment.

KeysightsimilarlyidentifesISACapplicationsacrossindustrialautomation,transport,infrastructuremonitoringandotherenvironments.

Atthesametime,MavrakisofABIResearchoffersamorecautiousassessment."Sensingalsohavethecapabilitytocompletelyedefinetheutilityandvalueofthenetwork,butitstechnicalandcommercialviabilityisyetunproven,"hesaid.

Thatqualificationisimportant.Thepotentialofsensingisconsiderable,butitseventualcontributiontothebusinesscasefor6G

"ISACfundamentallytransformsthe

networkfromapure

communications

pipelineintoamassive,globallydistributed

sensor.”

—YagoTenorio,CTOandseniorvicepresidentoftechnologydevelopment,Verizon

TheNextGAlliancealsoidentifesISACasremainstobedemonstrated.

SUB-THZMAYHAVEATARGETEDROLE

T

portrayhigher-asauniversal

heresponsesdonotfrequencyspectrumsolutionfor6G.

Mavrakisnotestheimportanceofnewfrequencybandsbutalsoemphasizesthatdifferenttechnologieswillhavedifferentcommercialandtechnicalroles.

Keysightsimilarlyseessub-THzaslikelytohaveamoretargetedrolebecauseof

propagationcharacteristics,deploymentdensityanddeviceeconomics.

GriffithofNextGAlliancealsopointstopropagationasaphysicallimitationthatcouldaffectadoption.

Thissuggeststhatthe6Gspectrumstoryislikelytobemorenuancedthansimplymovingtowardever-higherfrequencies.

Differentspectrumbandswillservedifferentpurposes,dependingonpropagationcharacteristics,capacityrequirements,deviceeconomics,anddeploymentenvironments.

Thatmakesspectrumpolicyandharmonizationatleastasimportantasthedevelopmentoftheradiotechnologiesthemselves.

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SPECTRUMPOLICYWILLHELPDETERMINETHE

ECONOMICSOF6G

hecontributorsbroadlyagreethat

spectrumavailabilityandglobalharmonizationwillbecritical.

Docomo'sHaradasaysharmonizationofspectrumallocationwillbeessentialtocost-efficientglobaldeployment,whilenotingthatmanycandidate6Gbandsarealreadyassignedtoothersystems.

"For6Gtobecomewidelyadopted,globalharmonizationwillbeessential,saidHarada.

Theexecutivealsosaysgovernmentsandregulatorswillneedtoleaddiscussionsonspectrumreallocation,withstandardsbodiesprovidingtheinformationnecessarytosupportthosediscussions.

Nokiaidentifessufficientspectrumasone

ofthreemajorpolicypriorities.“TheAlerawilldrivesignificantgrowthinmobiletraffic,makingadditionaluppermid-bandspectrumessentialforcost-effective6Gdeploymentandacompellinguserexperience.”

Verizonadvocatesaparticularlyambitiousapproachtospectrumallocation,arguing

thatlarge,contiguousblockswillberequiredtofullyexploitcapabilitiessuchasISACandrobustuplinkperformance.

Thecompanyalsoarguesforglobalstandardsuniformityandnativeopeninterfaces."Standardsbodiesandindustryplayersmustalignbehindasingle,global

3GPPstandard,"saidTenorio.

Verizonsaysfragmentationwouldunderminethescalerequiredbythewirelessecosystem.

Battllesimilarlycallsforgloballyharmonizedspectrumallocations,openandinteroperablestandards,collaborativeresearchandtestbeds,andupdatedregulatoryframeworkssupportingdynamicspectrumsharing,non-terrestrialintegrationandcross-industryexperimentation.

Thepolicydimensionthereforegoesbeyondsimplymakingspectrumavailable.

Itencompassesharmonization,standards,interoperability,sharingframeworks,andthedegreeofregulatoryflexibilityavailabletocompaniesdevelopingnewapplications.

"For6Gtobecome

widelyadopted,globalharmonizationwillbe

essential.”

—HirokiHarada,seniormanager,NTTDocomo

6

SUSTAINABILITYHASTOBEADDRESSEDATTHESYSTEMLEVEL

Gisexpectedtodeliverhigher performancewhilealsosupporting significantlygreaterAIandcomputingworkloads.Theresultingenergychallengecannotbeaddressedsolelythroughmoreefficientindividualcomponents.

Docomoarguesthata“greennetworkdesign”isessentialtoavoidatrade-offbetweentrafficgrowthandenvironmentalimpact.Itsapproachcombinesarchitecturalefficiencywithresourcesharing.

Thecompanyisexploringphotonics-electronicsconvergence,AI-driventrafficpredictionthatcanautomaticallypowerdownunnecessarybasestationsduringperiodsoflowdemand,aswellasadvancedspectrumsharingandinfrastructuresharing.

Verizonsimilarlyarguesthatsustainabilityrequiresafundamentalarchitecturalshift.Thecompanysaysa6Gnetworkdeliveringsubstantiallygreaterperformancecannotsimplyincreasethepowerconsumptionofexistinghardwarearchitectures.Instead,networklayersneedtodynamicallyallocatecomputingresourcesandputidleelementsintodeepsleepstates.

Keysightadvocatesasystem-levelapproach.“6Gcanbalancehigherperformancewithsustainabilityifenergyefficiencyistreatedasanarchitecturalrequirement,notapost-designoptimization.”

Douglaspointstoenergyefficiencyforcommunicationsandcomputing,alongsideenergy-efficientAIscheduling,sleepstates,dynamicspectrumandcarriermanagement,efficientcomputeplacementandnetworkplanningthatavoids

unnecessarydensification.

TheNextGAlliancehighlightsanotherdimensionofthesustainabilitycalculation:higher-frequencyspectrumcanrequiregreaterpoweroutputtomaintaincoverage,whilelower-poweroperationmayrequire

networkdensification.

Theindustrythereforeneedstoevaluateboththeenergyefficiencyofindividualtechnologiesandthewiderconsequencesofdeploymentdecisions.Thesustainabilityissueiscloselylinkedtotheeconomicsof6G.Energyconsumption,computinglocation,sitedensity,spectrum,andinfrastructurereuseallaffectthecostofbuildingandoperatingthenetwork.

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SECURITY,PRIVACY,

ANDRESILIENCEMOVE

INTOTHEARCHITECTURE

hetransitiontowardmoreautonomousanddistributed

networksalsoexpandsthesecuritychallenge.

Mavrakisdescribescomprehensive

securityasafull-stacktrustinfrastructure

beginningwithhardwarerootsoftrustandsecureexecutionenvironments.Healsoemphasizescrypto-agilitybecause6G

infrastructurewillhavetoconsiderapost-

quantumenvironment.

As6Gbecomesincreasinglyfragmentedintomicro-servicesandmicro-domains,hearguesthatzero-trustarchitectureswillbecomeparticularlyimportant.Healsoidentifiestheneedfordedicatedgovernancearoundtheintegrity,confidentialityandprivacyofAlmodelsandtheirinputandoutputdata.

Docomoapproachesresiliencepartlythroughitsvisionofthree-dimensionalnetworkscombiningterrestrialnetworkswithsatellitesandhigh-altitudeplatform

stations.

Thecompanysaysseamlessswitchingbetweenterrestrialandnon-terrestrialnetworkswillbeimportantinJapan,wherenaturaldisasterscandisruptterrestrialcommunications.

vulnerabilitiesincludingattackstargetingAlalgorithmsthemselves,suchasdatatampering.

Privacyalsobecomesmorecomplicatedasdigitaltwinsandsensingexpand.Docomowarnsthatthe6Gerawillincreasethevolumeandsensitivityofdatacirculatingmovementpatterns,locationinformation,andconfidentialdata.Itarguesthatprivacyprotectionneedstobeembeddedinto6Gfromtheoutset.

Nokiasimilarlyarguesthattrustmustbebuiltinto6Gfromthebeginning.“Trustmustbebuiltinto6Gfromdayone,notaddedlater,"Dropmannsaid.

TheNokiaexecutiveidentifesprivacy,resilience,andsecurityasfundamentalrequirementsasnetworksbecomeincreasinglyAl-native.

Keysighttakesasimilarlybroadviewofthetrustmodel."Themain6Gsecuritychallengeisthatthenetworkwillbemoreautonomous,software-defined,andexposedtocross-domaindependencies,sothetrustmodelhastocovernotonlyradioandcorefunctionsbutalsoAlmodels,trainingdata,orchestrationlayers,APls,andsupplychains,"saidDouglas.

"Trustmustbebuilt

into6Gfromdayone,notaddedlater."

—UliDropmann,headofstandardizationandecosystemengagement,Nokia

trustaccesscontrols,privacy-preservingtelemetry,signedmodelsanddatasets,Albehavior,andresilienceagainstcyberandphysicalfailures.

ForBattelle,securitybydesignsimilarlymeansintegratingZeroTrust,strongidentityandauthentication,end-to-endencryption,Al-assistedthreatdetection,distributedandredundantarchitectures,securesupplychains,andrigoroustesting

andcertification.

TheAl-nativearchitecturecreatesanothersecurityconcern.Docomosaysfuturenetworkswillneedtobepreparedfor

Thecompanyarguesthattestingandassuranceneedtobecomepartofthe

architecture,includingvalidationofzero-

Theimplicationisstraightforward:trustcannotbeafeatureaddedoncethearchtectureiscomplete.

TESTINGMUSTEVOLVEWITHAIANDSENSING

T

heemergenceofAI-nativenetworksandISACalsochangeswhatitmeanstotestamobilenetwork.

KeysightidentifiesAI-drivenphysical-layerfunctions,newradiofrequencies,integratedsensingandcommunications,andAI-nativenetworkoperationasareasrequiringnewtestingapproaches.

AI-drivenphysical-layerresearchincreasinglyinvolvesneuralreceivers,AI-basedchannelestimation,CSIcompression,beammanagement,andwaveformoptimizationunderrealisticpropagationconditions.Thisrequiresworkflowscombininghigh-fidelitychannelmodels,digitaltwins,hardware-in-the-looptesting,andRFmeasurements.

ISACpresentsanevenmorefundamentalchange.Anetworkthatisexpectednotonlytotransmitdatabutalsotomeasure

itsenvironmentrequiresnewperformancemetrics.TraditionalRFmeasurementsneedtobecomplementedbymeasurementsincludingrange,velocity,angularresolution,detectionprobability,andfalse-alarmrates.

AI-nativeoperationchangesvalidationagain.Keysightsaystheindustrymustmovefromvalidatingnetworkfunctionstovalidatingautonomousdecision-making.Thatrequiresdigitaltwins,realistictrafficandmobilityemulation,syntheticandlivedataandclosed-loopvalidationbeforeAI-drivenfunctionsaredeployedoperationally.

Thisiswheredigitaltwinsbecomeparticularlyimportant.Keysightsaysthecomplexityandsoftware-definednatureof6Gmakesequentialdesign,prototypingandfieldtestingincreasinglyimpractical.Instead,engineeringteams

needconnecteddigitalworkflowsspanningalgorithmdevelopment,RFdesign,protocolvalidation,andsystemperformance.

DigitaltwinscanenabledeveloperstotrainandvalidateAImodels,evaluatenewphysical-layertechniques,emulateradioenvironments,andcorrelatesimulationwithlaboratoryandover-the-airmeasurements.

Theobjectiveisnottoreplacephysicaltesting.Instead,digitaltwinscanmakephysicaltestingmoretargetedandrepeatablebycreatingacontinuousvalidationloopbetweensimulationandmeasurement.

Thatrolecouldextendintocommercialoperations,whereoperatorswillneedenvironmentsinwhichtheycanvalidatenewmodels,testpolicychangesandassessresiliencebeforechangesareintroducedintolivenetworks.

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