2025-2026年护理专业英语阅读理解习题集

2025-2026年护理专业英语阅读理解习题集一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Inaclinicalsetting,whenanurseneedstoadministermedicationtoapatientwithahistoryofallergies,whichofthefollowingactionsisthemostappropriatefirststepaccordingtostandardnursingprotocols?A.Immediatelyadministerthemedicationandmonitorforadversereactions.B.Verifythemedicationorderwiththephysicianandcheckforcross-reactivity.C.Askthepatientiftheyrememberanypreviousallergicreactions.D.Documentthepatient'sallergyinthemedicalrecordwithoutfurtheraction.Answer:BExplanation:Whenadministeringmedicationtoapatientwithaknownallergy,thenursemustfirstverifytheorderwiththephysiciantoensureitissafeorobtainanalternativeprescription.Cross-reactivitychecksarecriticaltopreventseverereactions.OptionAisdangerousasitbypassessafetyprotocols.OptionCissecondarytoverifyingtheorder,andoptionDfailstoaddressimmediatesafetyconcerns.2.Theterm"hypotension"inmedicalterminologyreferstowhichcondition?A.Elevatedbloodpressureduetoincreasedcardiacoutput.B.Decreasedbloodpressureresultingfromvasodilationorreducedcardiacfunction.C.Highbloodpressurecausedbychronickidneydisease.D.Normalbloodpressureduringphysicalactivity.Answer:BExplanation:Hypotensionisdefinedasabnormallylowbloodpressure,oftenduetofactorslikedehydration,vasodilation,orheartfailure.OptionAdescribeshypertension.OptionCisassociatedwithsecondaryhypertension,nothypotension.OptionDreferstonormotensionduringexercise.3.WhentranslatingmedicalinstructionsintolaylanguageforapatientwithlimitedEnglishproficiency,whichapproachismosteffective?A.Usemedicaljargonandassumethepatienthaspriorknowledgeofterminology.B.ProvidewritteninstructionsinbothEnglishandthepatient'snativelanguage.C.Relysolelyongesturesandbodylanguagewithoutverbalexplanation.D.Askafamilymembertointerprettheinstructionsforthepatient.Answer:BExplanation:EffectivecommunicationwithpatientswithlimitedEnglishrequiresclear,simplelanguageandwrittenmaterials.Medicaljargon(A)isconfusing,gesturesalone(C)maybemisinterpreted,andfamilymembers(D)maylackmedicalaccuracy.Bilingualinstructionsensureunderstanding.4.Thenursingintervention"RAS"inapatient'scareplanstandsforwhichaction?A.Rest,Activity,andSleep.B.Rate,Allergy,andSymptom.C.Respiration,Assessment,andSymptom.D.Radiation,Assessment,andSwelling.Answer:AExplanation:RASinnursingcareplanstypicallydenotesRest,Activity,andSleep,whicharefoundationalforpatientrecovery.Otheroptionsuseunrelatedmedicalterms.5.Apatientwithdiabetesreportsincreasedthirstandfrequenturination.Whichlaboratoryvaluewouldmostlikelyconfirmthediagnosisofhyperglycemia?A.Elevatedwhitebloodcellcount.B.Highserumpotassiumlevel.C.Elevatedbloodglucoselevelabove180mg/dL.D.Lowbicarbonateconcentration.Answer:CExplanation:Hyperglycemiaindiabetesisconfirmedbyhighbloodglucoselevels,typicallyabove180mg/dL.OptionArelatestoinfection.OptionBisunrelatedtodiabetes.OptionDindicatesmetabolicacidosis.6.Whencaringforapatientwithatracheostomy,whichofthefollowingactionsisessentialtopreventinfection?A.Regularlycleaningthetracheostomysitewithalcoholswabs.B.Keepingthetracheostomytubecoveredwithasterilecapduringsleep.C.Changingthetracheostomytiesdailywithoutsteriletechnique.D.Usingahumidifiertomoistenthepatient'srespiratorysecretions.Answer:BExplanation:Coveringthetracheostomywithasterilecapduringsleepreducestheriskofaspirationandinfection.Alcoholswabs(A)mayirritatethesite.Tiesshouldbechangedwithsteriletechnique(C),andhumidifiers(D)aresupportivebutnotinfection-preventive.7.Thenursingdiagnosis"RiskforImpairedSkinIntegrity"ismostapplicabletowhichpatient?A.Apostoperativepatientwithastablevitalsigns.B.Anelderlypatientwithlimitedmobilityandincontinence.C.Apatientwithnormalnutritionalintakeandnocomorbidities.D.Ayoungathletewithnohistoryofskinbreakdown.Answer:BExplanation:Elderlypatientswithlimitedmobilityandincontinenceareathighriskforpressureulcersandskinbreakdown.Otherpatients(A,C,D)havelowerriskfactors.8.WhenadministeringIVfluidstoapatientwithheartfailure,whichmonitoringparameterismostcritical?A.Bloodpressureandheartrate.B.Urineoutputandedemalevels.C.Respiratoryrateandoxygensaturation.D.Bloodglucoseandelectrolytelevels.Answer:BExplanation:Inheartfailure,fluidoverloadisarisk.Monitoringurineoutputandedemahelpsassessfluidbalance.Otherparametersareimportantbutsecondaryinthiscontext.9.Theabbreviation"NPO"inamedicalordermeans:A.Nopainobserved.B.Nothingbymouth.C.Normalphysicalexam.D.Nopreviousorders.Answer:BExplanation:NPO(nothingbymouth)isastandardmedicalorderindicatingthepatientshouldnotconsumeanyfoodorfluids.10.AnurseisteachingapatientwithCOPDaboutpursed-lipbreathing.Whichdescriptionbestexplainsthistechnique?A.Inhaledeeplythroughthenoseandexhaleslowlythroughthemouthwithpursedlips.B.Breatherapidlythroughthemouthtoincreaseoxygenintake.C.Holdthebreathfor10secondsbeforeexhalingforcefully.D.Useaspirometertoforceairoutofthelungs.Answer:AExplanation:pursed-lipbreathinginvolvesslow,controlledexhalationwithpursedlipstoreduceairwayresistanceandimproveoxygenationinCOPDpatients.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Whenassessingapatient'srespiratorystatus,theterm"tachypnea"refersto________breathsperminute.Answer:>20Explanation:Tachypneaisdefinedasanabnormallyrapidrespiratoryrate,typicallyexceeding20breathsperminuteinadults.2.Thenursingintervention"ABCs"standsforassessing________,________,and________inapatient'sairway,breathing,andcirculation.Answer:Airway,Breathing,CirculationExplanation:ABCsisafundamentalemergencyassessmentsequencetoensurethepatient'sairwayispatent,breathingisadequate,andcirculationismaintained.3.Apatientwithanewdiagnosisofhypertensionshouldbeeducatedtomonitortheir________and________athome.Answer:Bloodpressure,HeartrateExplanation:Homemonitoringofbloodpressureandheartratehelpsmanagehypertensioneffectively.4.Theabbreviation"PRN"inamedicationorderindicatesthedrugshouldbeadministered________asneeded.Answer:WhenrequiredExplanation:PRN(prorenata)meansthemedicationisgivenonlywhenthepatientexperiencessymptomsorthesituationarises.5.Whencaringforapatientwithanasogastrictube,thenursemustensurethetubeispositionedinthe________topreventaspiration.Answer:StomachExplanation:NGtubesmustbeplacedinthestomachtodeliverfeedingormedicationssafely.6.Thenursingprocessconsistsoffivesteps:assessment,diagnosis,planning,________,andevaluation.Answer:ImplementationExplanation:Thenursingprocessfollowsasystematicapproach:assessment,diagnosis,planning,implementation,andevaluation.7.Apatientwithdiabetesistaughttochecktheirbloodglucoselevel________timesdailytomonitortrends.Answer:3-4Explanation:Diabetesmanagementoftenrequirescheckingbloodglucose3-4timesdaily(e.g.,fasting,beforemeals,bedtime).8.Theterm"hypovolemia"referstoadecreasein________volume,leadingtodehydrationorbloodloss.Answer:ExtracellularExplanation:Hypovolemiaoccurswhenthereisinsufficientextracellularfluid,oftenduetofluidlossorbloodloss.9.Whenperformingaskinassessment,thenurseshouldlookforsignsof________,suchasrednessorbreakdown.Answer:PressureulcersExplanation:Pressureulcersareariskinimmobilepatients,andearlydetectioniskeytoprevention.10.Thenursingintervention"SBAR"standsfor________(Situation),________(Background),________(Assessment),and________(Recommendation).Answer:Situation,Background,Assessment,RecommendationExplanation:SBARisacommunicationtoolusedtoreportpatientissuesclearlyandconcisely.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，总分20分）1.Apatientwithafeverof102°Fshouldbetreatedimmediatelywithantipyreticstolowerthetemperaturetonormallevels.Answer:FalseExplanation:Feverisabody'sresponsetoinfection.Treatmentshouldaddresstheunderlyingcause,notjustthefever.Antipyreticsmaybeusedforcomfortbutarenotalwaysnecessary.2.Whenapatientisunconscious,itissafetoinsertanoralairwaytomaintainanopenairway.Answer:FalseExplanation:Oralairwaysarecontraindicatedinunconsciouspatients,astheymaycauseaspiration.3.Anursecandelegatethetaskofadministeringmedicationtoacertifiednursingassistant(CNA)iftheCNAhascompleteda10-hourtrainingcourse.Answer:FalseExplanation:Medicationadministrationrequiresspecifictrainingandcertification.DelegationdependsonstateregulationsandtheCNA'squalifications.4.Theterm"bradycardia"referstoanabnormallyfastheartrate.Answer:FalseExplanation:Bradycardiaisaslowheartrate(typically<60beatsperminute),notfast.5.Whenapatientreportspain,thenurseshouldalwaysassumethepainisduetoamedicalconditionandnotpsychological.Answer:FalseExplanation:Paincanhavebothphysicalandpsychologicalcauses.Thenurseshouldassessbothpossibilities.6.Apatientwithatracheostomymaysafelysleepwiththetracheostomytubeexposedtotheair.Answer:FalseExplanation:Tracheostomytubesshouldbecoveredwithasterilecapduringsleeptopreventaspirationandinfection.7.Thenursingdiagnosis"RiskforInfection"appliestoallpatientswithopenwounds.Answer:FalseExplanation:Infectionriskdependsonwoundtype,location,andpatientfactors,notallopenwoundsareequallyrisky.8.Anursecandocument"patientnon-compliance"inthemedicalrecordifapatientrefusesamedication.Answer:FalseExplanation:Documentationmustbeobjectiveandavoidblamingthepatient.Thenurseshouldexplorereasonsfornon-compliance.9.Theabbreviation"q4h"inamedicationordermeans"every4hours."Answer:TrueExplanation:q4h(quaterquattuorhoras)isastandardmedicalabbreviationfor"every4hours."10.WhencaringforapatientwithCOPD,thenurseshouldencouragerapid,shallowbreathingtoimproveoxygenation.Answer:FalseExplanation:Deep,slowbreathing(e.g.,diaphragmaticbreathing)ismoreeffectiveforCOPDpatientstoimproveoxygenation.四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，总分16分）1.Describethekeydifferencesbetween"hypotension"and"hypertension"intermsofcauses,symptoms,andnursingmanagement.Answer:-Hypotension(lowbloodpressure)iscausedbydehydration,vasodilation,orheartfailure.Symptomsincludedizziness,fainting,andblurredvision.Nursingmanagementincludesmonitoringvitalsigns,fluidreplacement,andtreatingtheunderlyingcause.-Hypertension(highbloodpressure)iscausedbychronicstress,diet,orgenetics.Symptomsareoftenabsentbutmayincludeheadachesorvisionchanges.Managementincludeslifestylechanges,medication,andregularmonitoring.2.Explainthepurposeofthenursingprocessanditsimportanceinpatientcare.Answer:Thenursingprocess(assessment,diagnosis,planning,implementation,evaluation)providesasystematicapproachtocare.Itensuresindividualizedpatientneedsaremet,promotessafety,andimprovesoutcomes.Withoutit,caremaybeinconsistentorincomplete.3.Whencaringforapatientwithanasogastrictube,whatarethekeysafetymeasuresthenursemustfollow?Answer:-Ensuretubeplacementinthestomach(usingpHtesting).-Preventaspirationbycoveringthetubeduringcoughingorvomiting.-Checkforproperfitandsecuretiestopreventdislodgement.-Monitorforsignsofcomplications(e.g.,bleeding,infection).4.Describethestepsanurseshouldtakewhenapatientreportspain.Answer:-Assesspainusingavalidatedscale(e.g.,0-10).-Determinethelocation,intensity,anddurationofpain.-Identifypossiblecausesandcontributingfactors.-Administeranalgesicsasorderedandmonitoreffectiveness.-Reportuncontrolledpaintothephysician.五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，总分24分）1.CaseStudy:A65-year-oldpatientwithdiabetesreportsincreasedthirst,frequenturination,andfatigue.Thenursenotesdryskinandpoorwoundhealing.Whatnursingdiagnosesareappropriate,andwhatinterventionsshouldbeimplemented?Answer:-Nursingdiagnoses:-RiskforImpairedSkinIntegrity(duetopoorwoundhealing).-RiskforDehydration(duetopolyuria).-RiskforInfection(duetopoorwoundhealing).-Interventions:-Monitorbloodglucoseandadjustdiet/activityasneeded.-Encouragefluidintaketopreventdehydration.-Applymoisturizerstopreventskinbreakdown.-Teachproperwoundcaretoreduceinfectionrisk.2.Scenario:ApatientwithCOPDisadmittedafterasevereasthmaattack.Thepatientisshortofbreathandusingaccessorymuscles.Whatnursinginterventionsshouldprioritize?Answer:-Administerbronchodilatorsasordered.-Providesupplementaloxygentoimproveoxygenation.-Encouragepursed-lipbreathingtoreduceairwayresistance.-Monitorrespiratorystatus(rate,depth,effort).-Positionthepatientinasemi-fowler'spositiontoimprovebreathing.3.Problem:Apatientwithanewdiagnosisofhypertensionisconfusedabouthowtomanageit.Thenurseneedstoeducatethepatientonlifestylemodifications.Whatkeypointsshouldbeincluded?Answer:-Reducesodiumintake(limitprocessedfoods).-Engageinregularaerobicexercise(e.g.,walking).-Maintainahealthyweight.-Limitalcoholconsumption.-Monitorbloodpressureathome.-Takemedicationsasprescribed.4.Situation:Anurseiscaringforapatientwithatracheostomywhodevelopssubcutaneousemphysema.Whatactionsshouldthenursetake?Answer:-Assessforairleakagebyfeelingforcrepitusorlisteningfora"rushing"sound.-Notifythephysicianimmediately.-Monitorrespiratorystatusandoxygensaturation.-Ensurethetracheostomytubeisproperlysecured.-Avoidactivitiesthatincreaseintrathoracicpressure(e.g.,straining).【标准答案及