第三版新视野大学英语第一册第六单元sectionA

..OurAims.FurtherDevelopmentWritingModel&PracticeExtraction&ApplicationInteractiveReadingWarming-upActivities.Warming-upActivitiesTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..BackgroundInformationTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..BackgroundInformationTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..BackgroundInformationTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..建议消遣(n.)Advicerecreation目标解释Topic?Impactsofpart-timeworkonstudentsObjective发现FindingsExplanationTopic-centeredStudyofNewWords很多的可靠的reliable对比contrast指示物indicator评估(v.)assess显著地significantly削弱(v.)undermine干扰(v.)interfere危及(v.)compromise侵蚀(v.)erode投入度commitment促成contribute典型的characteristic习惯于accustomed密集的抑制(v.)depress习俗convention争议的controversial诱人的appealing决心(v.)resolveintensivenumerousTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.表现(n.)performance摒弃(v.)abandon谎言myth.Onlywhenyouleavesomethingundonecanyoube__________todoingsomethingelse.Thebestwayof__________one’sability,inhisopinion,isnotthroughwhatonesaidbutthroughwhatonedid.Itishardtomeasurethepotentialofthose___________toabidewhateverpressurelifebringsonthem.4.Amongthefactorsthat__________tohisfruitlesscollegelifeistheabsenceofagoodcompassintheoceanoflearning.5.It’sreally_____________toknowthathefailedintheexamhewasdeterminedtopass.assessingresolvedcontributecommitteddepressingcommittedassessingresolvedFillintheBlankswiththeCorrectWordsTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.contributedepressing.6.Hisreadinesstoembracenewchallenges__________hisunshakenconfidenceinhimself.7.What____________ourpeaceofmindalotcomesfromtemptationaround.8.Itishardtoresisttheimpressionthathehas_____________himselftothecampuslifeinsuchashorttime.9.What___________toyoutodaymayturnouttobewhatyouwillbesickoftomorrow.10.Itismost_____________ofherlifethatsheknowswhattoholdfastandhowtomakeit.accustomedappealindicatecharacteristicundermineindicatesunderminesaccustomedFillintheBlankswiththeCorrectWordsTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.appealscharacteristic.VideoWatchingkeykeyTopicI:Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkingwhilestudying?TopicII:Howtobalancepart-timeworkingandstudying?clickhereTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..

Asshowninthevideo,workingpart-timecanhelpyoungadults,especiallyteenagerslikeLiz,tosupportthemfinancially.Butthereasonsayoungadultmighthaveforworkingapart-timejobinschoolcanvaryfromnecessitytothedesiretohavesomeextraspendingmoney.Teensfromsomefamiliesmayworkbecauseofadireneedforadditionalresources.Otherfamiliesmayapproveofpart-timeworkbecausetheythinktheiryoungchildrenneedtolearnthevalueofearningadollar.Havingapart-timejobcanhelpstudentslearnvaluablelessons,suchasacquiringcommunicativeskillsandbuildingconnectionsforfuturecareer,whichcanlastthemalifetime.Discussion1—Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkingwhilestudying?TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..

Someofthebiggestnegativesassociatedwithpart-timeworkwhileschoolingincludemorefatigue,lesscommitmenttolessons,andfewerchancesofmergingwithclassmates.Inaddition,somemayhaveahardtimebalancingtheirpart-timeworkandacademicwork.Ifthisisthecase,workingstudentseithersacrificetheirgradesinfavorofjobperformanceorsacrificetheirworkfortheirgrade.Manyworkingstudentstendtosleepinclass,skipclass,orcopyothers’assignments.Iftheyfailtoberesponsibleforwhattheyaresupposedto,howcouldtheybecomeresponsiblepeopleaftergraduation?Discussion1—Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkingwhilestudying?TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Don’tbeafraidtosaynotopeople.

Thefirststepistounderstandwhatyoucanrealisticallyhandle.Then,behonestaboutwhatyoudoanddon’thavetime(andenergy)tofollowthroughwith,intermsofsocial,work-relatedandscholasticactivities.Limitthetotalhoursinpart-timeworkperweek.

Don’tspendtoomuchtimeonyourpart-timeworksinceyourfocusisonstudiesandyoucannotdotwothingsatonetime.10hoursperweekforpart-timeworkisappropriateforyoutobesuccessfulinschool.Discussion2—Howtobalancepart-timeworkingandstudying?TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Choosesomeweekendjobs.Trytofindsomeweekendjobs,suchastutoring,salespromotingandsoon.Thosejobscanefficientlyavoidtheconflictwithyourlessons.Learntomanageyourtimewell.

Ratherthanleavethingstothelastminute,getintothehabitofdoingthingsinadvance.Evenifthedeadlineforanassignmentseemsfaraway,startitimmediately.TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Discussion2—Howtobalancepart-timeworkingandstudying?.Remembertosleep.

Ifyoudon’tmaketimeforenoughsleep,youwon’tfunctioneffectively.Takingpropercareofyourselfhelpsyouperformatyourbest.TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Discussion2—Howtobalancepart-timeworkingandstudying?.InteractiveReadingofTextWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Q.Haveyoueverthoughtabouttheside-effectsofparttimejobsonstudents’schoolperformance?Ifyouweremakingasurveyreport,howwouldyouorganizeyourpaper?Toworkornottowork—ThatisthequestionInteractiveReadingofTextNowlet’smakeadetailedanalysisofthetextthroughdynamicinteraction:Warming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..PartIIntroduction(Para?)PartIIntroduction(Para.1)Whatistheresearchobjective?

Howmanymethodsareusedintheresearch?Method1,Comparingthegradesofstudentsworkingalotwiththoseworkingmuchlessornotatall;Method2,Contrastingthecommitmenttostudyofworkingstudentsandnon-workingstudents;Method3,

Followingstudentsovertimeastheyincreasedordecreasedworkinghours,assessingtheeffectsofdifferentemploymentpatternsonschoolperformanceandengagement.InteractiveReadingToworkornottowork—ThatisthequestionWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Theresearchobjective:To

measuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement.PartIIEffects(Para.2—?)PartIIEffects(Para.2—4)Whataretheresearchfindingsoreffectsofemploymentlistedinthispart?(Threefindingsinall)Para.2presentsthefirstfinding,i.e.workinglonghoursseriouslyaffectsschoolperformanceandcommitment.Theresearchprovidesproofthat"studentswhoworked20hoursormoreweeklyhadlowerscores,spentlesstimeonhomework,skippedclassandcheatedmoreoften,werelessdevotedtoschool,andhadalowerexpectationoftheirstudy”.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..InPara.3,Ispart-timeworkboundtoaffectschoolperformancemuch?Notexactly,asthesecondfindinginParagraph3shows,"Workingforabout10hoursperweekorlessdoesnotseemtoaffectschoolperformancemuch.However,sincemanystudentsworkabovethe20-hourlimit,thereisariskthattheirschoolperformancewillbeundermined.”InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..WhatisthethirdfindingasshowninParagraph4?Themoredisengagedstudentsarefromschool,themorelikelytheyaretoworklonghours,andviceversa,thusthrowingthemintoaviciouscycle.Butwhen

theystopworkingorworkfewerhours,theybecomeinterestedinschoolagain.

Thismeansthattheundesirableeffectsofworkingpart-timecanbereversed.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Howdoestheauthorlistthefindingsinthispart?(Para.4)Byusingsomesignalwordsandexpressions,suchas

theresultsareclear,ontheotherhand,also,adifferentpattern,andtheresultsarestriking.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..PartIIICauses(Para.5—?)InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.PartIIICauses(Para.5—8)Explanationsforthefinding:Whyworkingpart-timehassuchundesirableeffectsonstudents’academicstudies?.Whatisthekeysentenceineachparagraph?(Para.5—8)InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Para5Keysentence:Workingstudentsmayhavelesstimetocompleteschoolassignmentsbecauseoftheirdemandingworkschedule.Para6Keysentence:Workingstudentswillhavelessrestandeatlesshealthymeals;.Whatisthekeysentenceineachparagraph?(Para.5—8)InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Para7Keysentence:Workingstudentswillloseinterestinschoolbecausetheyaremoreexcitedaboutearningmoneythanaboutstudying.Para8Keysentence:Workingstudentsmayusedrugsandalcoholmore,becausetheyhavemorespendingmoneyandtendtousemoredrugsandalcohol.

.Accordingtothesurvey,whathappenstotheworkingstudentsasshowninParagraph5?Sincetheytakeeasierclasses,copyassignmentsfromotherstudents,cutclass,andrefusetodoworkassignedbytheirteachers,theircommitmenttoschooliserodedlittlebylittle.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Eveningworkinterferesnotonlywithdoinghomeworkbutwithbothsleepanddietaswell.Studentswhoworkintheeveninggetlessrestandeatlesshealthymeals.Burningthemidnightoilmakesthemtootiredtodotheirhomeworkinschool.Astheirteacherscomplain,workingstudentsoftenfallasleep

inclass.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Whataretheside-effectsofworkingeveningaslistedinParagraph6?.Forthosestudentswhohaveahistoryofintensiveemployment,theexcitementofearningextrapocketmoneymakesschoolless____________andinteresting.Thus,itis____________ofworkingstudentsthattheyaremorelikelyto_____________inclassandareatgreaterriskthantheirclassmatesof______________beforegraduation.Andworstofall,workinglonghoursforcesthemtoturntomoreandmoredrugsand________forentertainmentand___________,whichinturn___________theirschoolperformanceandspeedsuptheir______________fromschool.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.ReadParagraphs7and8firstandthenfillinthefollowingblanks.rewardingcharacteristicmind-wanderdroppingoutalcoholrecreationdepressesdisengagement.Asaconclusionoftheresearch,theauthormakesitclearthat"working20hoursormoreweeklycanleadtodecreasedschoolperformanceandincreaseddrugandalcoholuse”.Ifstudentswanttobesuccessfulinschool,theyshouldresolvetoworknomorethan10hoursperweek.It’stimetogetridofthewrongideathatearlyemploymentbuildscharacter.InteractiveReadingWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.PartIV(Para.9)Conclusionoftheresearch.Throughlong-termcomparisonsofgradesaswellasofcommitmenttoschoolbetweenworkingandnon-workingstudents,theresearchfindsthatthestudentswhoworked20hoursormoreweeklyhadlowerscores,cutclassmoreoften,andbecameless__________toschool.Besides,more__________studentsaremorelikelytoworklongerhours,and_________.Butoncetheywithdrawfromworkor________ontheirworkhours,theircommitmenttoschoolisrenewed.

Theresearchcomesupwithsomecontributorstosucheffects.Foronething,workingstudentshavelesstimetodevotetoschool.Sothey___________bytakingeasierclassesorrefusingSummaryofTextWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.committeddisengagedviceversacutbackcutcorners.todohomework.Foranother,workingstudentsaretootiredfromworktofocustheirmindsonstudy.Andworstofall,theirinterestinstudyis________bitbybit,________theirdesiretoearnbigmoneygrowsstrongerandstronger,thusenablingthemtoturntosomuchdrugsandalcoholforrecreationastospeeduptheir______________fromschool.Toreversethetrend,theauthormakesitclearthatstudentsshould_________toworknomorethan10hoursperweekiftheywanttoreapsuccessfromschool.Andaboveall,astheauthorpointsout,it’stimeto________themyththatthegreatvalueofworktakesforminourformativeyears.erodedSummaryofTextWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.whereasdisengagementresolveabandon.Extraction&ApplicationWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev..Asisknowntoallofus,ourpurposeoflearningEnglishistomakeeffectiveandcreativeuseofit.Butourlong-establishedhabitoflearningbyrote(死记硬背)

hasgotusnowhereinthisdirection.Totraceittoitssource(追根溯源),wehavefailedtoexplorethemechanismformakingcreativeuseofEnglish.

Ifyouwanttoridyourselfofit,here

ishow:AccordingtoModernCognitivePsychology(MCP,forshort),creativeuseofalanguageisbuiltontheprocessofconversionasfollows:Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatterns.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsNewDeclarativeKnowledge创新型陈述性知识ProceduralKnowledge程序性知识DeclarativeKnowledge陈述性知识Withproductivepatternsasitsconcreteattributes

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.."Toworkornottowork–Thatisthequestion.”ThetitleisderivedfromthelinesofWilliamShakespeare’splayHamlet:"Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion.”Tomakeitpossibletousecreatively,however,wehavetoconvertitintoproceduralknowledgeasfollows:Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsTodo/beXortodo/beY/(nottodo/beX),thatisa/thequestion;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while"do/be”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表明事物抉择有待深思。

.Inthiscontext,X="themajor”;andY="anothermajor”；"do/be”="goonwith”aswellas"switchto”Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Togoonwiththemajorortoswitchtoanotherone,thatisthequestion.

是继续此专业,还是另换一专业,这的确是个问题。

ProductivePattern—Todo/be

Xortodo/be

Y/(nottodo/be

X),thatisa/thequestion.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev..Inthiscontext,X="living”;andY="work”,and"do/be”="workfor”aswellas"livefor”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Toworkforlivingortoliveforwork,thatisthequestion.

工作是为了活着,还是活着为了工作,这的确是个问题。

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.

ProductivePattern—Todo/be

Xortodo/be

Y/(nottodo/be

X),thatisa/thequestion.."Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,...”(Para.1,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?Therearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcandoY;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while"do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表明处事的多种途径Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatterns.Inthiscontext,X="we”,Y="thefutureshock”and"do”="getaround”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:

ProductivePattern—Therearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcando

Y.

我们可避免未来冲击的途径无数,其中大学教育为最佳。

Therearenumerouswaysbywhichwecangetaroundthefutureshock,ofwhichcollegeeducationisthebest.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev..Inthiscontext,X="we”,Y="ourlives”,and"do”="enjoy”;沉迷于网络游戏:indulgenceinonlinegames;不可取:befarfromdesirable.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:

我们享受人生的方式有多种,但沉迷于网络游戏根本不可取。

Therearemanywaysbywhichwecanenjoyourlives;butindulgenceinonlinegamesisfarfromdesirable.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.ProductivePattern—Therearenumerous/manywaysbywhichXcando

Y.."Aheavycommitmenttoapart-timejobduringtheacademicyear,say,working20hoursperweekormore,underminesandsignificantlyinterfereswithschoolachievementandcommitment.”(Para.2,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?Aheavy/excessive/unduecommitmenttoXinterfereswith/impactson/undermines/affects/compromisesY;whereXandYarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,

[应用提示]表述物极必反的道理Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatterns.Inthiscontext,X="thingsotherthanyourmajorbusiness”,Y="youracademicperformance”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:

对主业之外的事物过度关注会直接影响你的学业成绩。Aheavycommitmenttothingsotherthanyourmajorbusinesswilldirectlyimpactonyouracademicperformance.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.ProductivePattern—Aheavy/excessive/unduecommitmenttoXinterfereswith/impactson/undermines/affects/compromisesY.

.Inthiscontext,X="whatyouarefondof”,Y="yoursoundjudgmentonthingsaround”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:对你所钟爱事物的过度关注势必影响你对周围事物的正确判断。Anexcessivecommitmenttowhatyouarefondofisboundtoaffectyoursoundjudgmentonthingsaround.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.ProductivePattern—Aheavy/excessive/unduecommitmenttoXinterfereswith/impactson/undermines/affects/compromisesY.

.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatterns"Onecommonresponsetothistimepressureisthattheycutcornersbytakingeasierclasses,copyingassignmentsfromotherstudents,cuttingclass,orrefusingtodoworkassignedbytheirteachers.”(Para.5,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Onecommonresponse/reactionofone’stoXisthatYdoes/isZ.;whereX,Y,andZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while"does/is”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表明对事物的惯常反应。

.Inthiscontext,X="newstimuli”,Y="we”,Z="ourcuriosity”,and"does/is”="arouse”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ProductivePattern—Onecommonresponse/reactionofone’stoX

isthatY

does/is

Z.

我们对新事物刺激的一种普遍反应是激发好奇心,以战胜内心不确定性。

Onecommonresponseofourstonewstimuliisthatwearouseourcuriositytoovercomeoursenseofuncertainty.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev..Inthiscontext,"one’s”="optimists”,X="challenges”,Y="it”,Z="thetimetodisplaytheirtalents”,"does/is”="is”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:乐观主义者对挑战的常规反应之一是施展才华的机会到了。Onecommonresponseofoptimists’tochallengesisthatitisthetimetodisplaytheirtalents.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.ProductivePattern—Onecommonresponse/reactionofone’stoXisthatY

does/is

Z.

.“Accordingtoourstudy,alcoholanddruguse,inturn,maybelinkedtodisengagementfromschool,andtherefore,islikelytodepressschoolperformance.”（Para.8,TextA)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofProductivePatternsAccordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,XmaybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodoZ;whereX,Y,andZarevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while"do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表述事物间内在及因果关系。

.Inthiscontext,X="pessimism”,Y="thepatternofthinking”,Z="mentalillness”,and"do”="bringabout”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:

根据他们的研究,悲观主义可能与思维方式有关,因而可能造成心理疾病。Accordingtotheirresearch,pessimismmaybelinkedtothepatternofthinking,andtherefore,islikelytobringaboutmentalillness.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.ProductivePattern—Accordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,X

maybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodo

Z;.Inthiscontext,X="hedonism”,Y="one’svalues”,Z="thevalueofhardwork”,and"do”="sample”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:

根据他们问卷调查,享乐主义可能与人的价值取向有关,因而不可能体验到勤奋的价值。

Accordingtotheirquestionnaire,hedonismmaybelinkedtoone’svalues,andtherefore,isunlikelytosamplethevalueofhardwork.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.

ProductivePattern—Accordingtoastudy/research/survey/questionnaire,X

maybelinkedtoY,andtherefore,islikely/unlikelytodo

Z;.Extraction&ApplicationofLexicalCollocationsAsEnglishbelongstothekindoflanguagethathasitsmeaningclothedinitsform,sothefrequentcollocationofonewordwithanotheralsogoesalongwaytowardourmasteryofEnglish.Inthetextwehavereadover,forexample,thereareasmanyofsuchcollocationsaswesetourmindsonthem.Whichcollocationscanyoufindworthyofourattentionthen?Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev..12345678妨碍;阻止interferewithdoingsth./sth.对…产生不良影响takea/itstollon消减;减少cutbackon偷工减料;草草行事cutcorners逐渐地;一点点地bitbybit挑灯夜战;开夜车burnthemidnightoil退出;脱离dropout继续感到;继续相信holdontoWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extraction&ApplicationofLexicalCollocations.unsociability;getalongwithsb.;mencolleaguesHerunsociabilityinterfereswithgettingalongwithmencolleagues.她孤僻的性格妨碍了和异性同事的接触。Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.LexicalCollocation—interferewithdoingsth./sth..toomuchdessert;takeatollon;waistlineToomuchdessertcantakeatollonyourwaistlineandyourhealth.

吃太多的甜食会使你的腰围变粗,健康受损。

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.

LexicalCollocation—takea/itstollon.yoursideline;aheavycommitmentto;beboundto;yourmainline;theengagementinAheavycommitmenttoyoursidelineisboundtocutbackontheengagementinyourmainline.你对副业的过多关注势必减少对你主业的投入。Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.

LexicalCollocation—cutbackon.itisunwiseofsb.todosth.;makeaprofit;inferiormerchandisesItisunwiseofproducerstomakeaprofitbycuttingcornerstoproducecheaperandinferiormerchandises.

对于商人而言,通过偷工减料生产出便宜次品来盈利是不明智之举。

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.LexicalCollocation—cutcorners.interpretingskill;bitbybit;hasalongwaytogoHerinterpretingskillisimprovingbitbybit,butshestillhasalongwaytogotowinthecontest.

她的口译技巧有了逐步的提高,但要想比赛获胜,她还有很长的路要走。

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.

LexicalCollocation—bitbybit.…,whichiswhy+clause;lookdumpHeburnedthemidnightoilyesterday,whichiswhyhelooksdumptoday.

他昨晚熬夜了,所以他今天看上去打不起精神来。

Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.LexicalCollocation—burnthemidnightoil.sight;mindWhatdropsoutofsightmaynotdropoutofmind.眼不见不一定心不烦。Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.LexicalCollocation—dropout.provesth./sb.tobeabsurd;amatterofignoranceItisamatterofignorancetoholdontowhatsciencehasprovedtobeabsurd.继续相信科学已证实荒谬的事物就是一种愚昧。Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.LexicalCollocation—holdonto.WritingModel&PracticeWritingModelWritingWritingPracticeWarming-UpTextReadingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Asthenameofourtextbookimplies,wereadEnglishinordertowriteinit.ButhowtowriteintheEnglishway?Listingisoneofthecommonwaystoorganizeone’sideas,reasons,causes,orevenpossibilities.TextAservesasagoodexampleofhowtoemploythetechniqueoflistinginwriting:WritingModelWarming-UpTextReadingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..Beforelistinginformation,theauthoroftenstartswithatopicsentence,inwhichexpressionssuchassomecauses,inmanyways,

differentattitudes

areusedassignalsforalistingpattern.Forexample,theauthorhereingoesontolisttheseveralwaysusedintheresearch.Inlisting,thesignalwords

also

and

additionally

areusedtoindicatethatseveralwaysarepresentedoneafteranother.Ingeneral,suchapatternofparagraphwritingisasfollows:WritingModel—TheDeviceofListingWarming-UpTextReadingFurtherDev.Extr.&App..IsthereanytypicalparagraphinourText?WritingModel—TheDeviceofListingWarming-UpTextReadingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Topicsentence(GeneralStatement)Listedasspecificdetailstosupportthetopicsentenceabove..Pleasereadparagraph1intensively,decodethestructureinPara1andidentifythesignalwordsinlisting.[Topicsentence]Therearenumerousandreliablewaysbywhichonecanmeasuretheimpactofemploymentonstudentachievement,andweusedseveralinourresearch.Howmanypointsaregiventosupportthetopic?[Point1]Wecomparedthegradesofstudentswhoworkagreatdealwiththosewhoworkinlimitedamountsornotatall.WritingModel—TheDeviceofListing

Warming-UpTextReadingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.[Point2]Wealsocontrastedworkerswithnon-workers,.ondifferentindicatorsoftheircommitmenttoeducation.[Point3]Add