广东广州市天河区2027届高中毕业班适应性测试（一）英语试题（含解析）

2027届普通高中毕业班适应性训练（一）英语本试卷共8页，满分120分。训练时间120分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前，考生必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的学校、班级、姓名、座位号和考号填写在答题卡相应的位置上，再用2B铅笔把考号的对应数字涂黑。2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhendoWorldCup2026ticketsgoonsale?Theticketingprocessiscurrentlyinitsmostcompetitivephase:Phase1:RandomSelectionBallot(中签):Thisphaseconcludedinlate2025.Phase2:First-Come,First-Served:ThisphasetookplaceinApril2026andstandardinventoryissoldout.Phase3:TheOfficialResalePlatform:FIFA’sofficialportal(门户)iscurrentlyopenforfanstobuyandsellunwantedticketsatfacevalueplusafee.TicketPrices(Estimated)CategoryGroupStageRoundof32FinalCat1$220$300$1500+Cat2$150$200$1000+Cat3$80$120$600+Residents(居民)$20$40$200+Pro-Tips:HowtoSecureTicketsontheResalePortal1.CheckDaily(andRandomly):Resaleticketsdonotdropallatonce.Theyappeartheexactmomentanotherfanliststhem.2.BeLoggedIn:KeepyourFIFAIDloggedinandpaymentdetailsready.Whenaticketpopsup,youonlyhaveminutestocheckoutbeforeitisreleasedbacktothepublic.3.FocusonLessPopularMatches:FindingticketsfortheFinalorUSA/Mexicogroupmatcheswillbeincrediblydifficult.Targetsmallermatchupsinstead.4.UseSecondaryMarketsasaBackup:Ifyouabsolutelyneedaguaranteedticketnow,platformslikeStubHuborViagogoareyoursafestbackupoptions,thoughtheywillbepricedabovefacevalue.CheapestWorldCup2026Tickets&PricesTicketpricesvarydependingon:·Matchstage(GroupStageischeapest,Finalismostexpensive)·Seatingcategory(Category3and4aretypicallythelowestpriced)·Hostcountryresidencystatus·TeampopularityanddemandEstimatedstartingprices:·GroupStage:$80-$220·Roundof32:$120-$300·Final:$600-$1,500+Residentsofthehostcountries(USA,Canada,Mexico)mayhaveaccesstodiscounted“Category4”tickets,whicharetraditionallythelowest-pricedoption.1.Whatcanfansdotogetticketsrightnowaccordingtothetext?A.Submitanearlyticketorder. B.BuyticketsonFIFA’sresaleplatform.C.Askotherfanstosellticketsprivately. D.Takepartintherandomselectionballot.2.Howcanfanssecureticketsontheresaleportal?A.Focusontheofficialplatform. B.Checkatscheduledtimeseveryday.C.Prioritizethepopulargroupmatches. D.Keeploginandpaymentdetailsready.3.WhoboughtthecheapestWorldCup2026ticket?A.AJapanesetouristwithaRoundof32ticket.B.AMexicanfanwithaFinalticketonStubHub.C.AfanfromBrazilwithaUSAgroupmatchticket.D.ANewYorkerwithaCategory4groupstageticket.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【导语】主要介绍2026世界杯门票各发售阶段、预估票价以及在官方转售平台购票的实用建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分中的“Phase3:TheOfficialResalePlatform:FIFA’sofficialportal(门户)iscurrentlyopenforfanstobuyandsellunwantedticketsatfacevalueplusafee.(第三阶段：官方转售平台：国际足联官方门户目前对球迷开放，可以按票面价值加手续费买卖多余的门票。)”可知，球迷现在可以在国际足联的转售平台购票。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Pro-Tips部分中的“BeLoggedIn:KeepyourFIFAIDloggedinandpaymentdetailsready.Whenaticketpopsup,youonlyhaveminutestocheckoutbeforeitisreleasedbacktothepublic.(保持登录状态：保持你的国际足联账号已登录，备好支付信息。门票出现时，你仅有几分钟完成付款，否则门票会重新放回公开池。)”可知，球迷要保持账号登录并准备好支付信息来抢票。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Residentsofthehostcountries(USA,Canada,Mexico)mayhaveaccesstodiscounted“Category4”tickets,whicharetraditionallythelowest-pricedoption.(主办国（美国、加拿大、墨西哥）居民可以购买优惠的四类票，这通常是价格最低的票种。)”可知，纽约属于美国，纽约市民可以买到四类小组赛低价票。BGrowingupinToledo,aplacelackingmountainviewsorcleanlakes,Ineverhadaccesstopuregrandnature.Myfondnessofnaturetookrootwhilegardeningwithmymom,whotaughtmetocarefortheplantsthatsustainbeesandbutterflies.Asakid,Idreamedofbecomingawildlifeconservationist.Inmysecondyearofhighschool,mymomgavemeapinkmothorchid(蝴蝶兰).Everyday,Iwouldsprayitsleaves,eventhoughschoolwashard—classmateslaughedatmeformytornskirtandmyfamily’sold,brokencar.Butathome,myorchidwaitedforme.Thenoneday,itspetals(花瓣)begantofall,andsoonmybeautifulorchidstoodbarren.Yearslater,IwasacceptedtoStanford,whereIintendedtostudyenvironmentalscience.Guilt,however,soontookover.Myfamilywasstrugglingbackhome,andIworriedIcouldn’thelpthemwithaconservationist’smodestsalary.SoIswitchedtoelectricalengineering.ButIfeltbarren.Ihadabandonedthekidwholovednature.ThoughIdidn’tquitengineering,Idecidedtomakeachange.Ifoundedaservicegrouptohelplow-incomestudentsandassistlocalnonprofitsbymodernizingtheirtechnologyandwebsites.Iwentonmyfirstbackpackingtripthroughaprogramandfoundapartofmethatneededtoexploremountainsandforests.Now,IliveinTranco,adormdedicatedtooutdoorexplorationandsustainability.Weplantedgardens,discussedenvironmentalissues,andwentonweekendhikes.IbeganexploringnatureinwaysInevercouldbackhome.Littlebylittle,IwateredthepartsofmeIdidn’twanttolose.Overthesummer,Iwentbackhomeandvisitedmyorchid.Itisstillthere,waitingforme.Ithasonefloweronit.Ithaslostitspetalsmanytimes,butwithenoughwaterandcare,itcanalwaysbloomagain.4.Whatinspiredtheauthor’spassionfornature?A.Thepuregrandnature. B.Herinterestininsects.C.Thegardenworkwithhermother. D.Thedreamofbeingaconservationist.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barren”inparagraph3mean?A.Bored. B.Embarrassed. C.Empty. D.Frightened.6.WhatdidtheauthordotochangeherlifeatStanford?A.Gooutsidetoexplorenature. B.Waterflowerstofindherselfagain.C.Foundagrouponenvironmentalissues. D.Workfornonprofitswithpoorstudents.7.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Ourpassionoftengiveswaytoreality. B.Withconstantcare,onecangrowagain.C.Followingone’sdreamleadstohappiness. D.Familysupporthelpsovercomedifficulties.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述作者从小和母亲打理花园从而爱上自然，高中时蝴蝶兰凋零，进入斯坦福大学后因现实放弃环境科学专业，内心变得空洞，后来主动做出改变、重新亲近自然，借蝴蝶兰历经凋零仍能再次绽放的故事，表达悉心滋养便能再次成长的人生感悟。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Myfondnessofnaturetookrootwhilegardeningwithmymom,whotaughtmetocarefortheplantsthatsustainbeesandbutterflies.(我对大自然的喜爱，是在和妈妈一起打理花园的时候生根发芽的，妈妈教我照料那些供养蜜蜂和蝴蝶的植物。)”可知，和母亲一起打理花园激发了作者对自然的热爱。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“ButIfeltbarren.Ihadabandonedthekidwholovednature.(但我感到barren。我抛弃了那个热爱自然的自己。)”可知，作者感觉抛弃了那个热爱自然的自我，内心会感到空洞，失落，故barren在此处含义为“空虚的，空洞的”。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Iwentonmyfirstbackpackingtripthroughaprogramandfoundapartofmethatneededtoexploremountainsandforests.(我通过一个项目开启了第一次背包旅行，找到了内心想要探索山川森林的那一部分自我。)”可知，作者在斯坦福通过外出探索自然来改变自己的生活。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Ithaslostitspetalsmanytimes,butwithenoughwaterandcare,itcanalwaysbloomagain.(它多次凋零落瓣，但只要有充足的水分与悉心照料，总能再次绽放。)”可知，作者借蝴蝶兰的经历喻指人生：人就像这株蝴蝶兰，遭遇挫折时如同花朵凋零，但只要持续用心经营、关照自我，就能够重新成长、再次绽放。CCanyoucookhealthyfood,managemoneyproperlyorsewabutton?Moststudentscannotgiveapositiveanswer.Nowadays,schoolsattachgreatimportancetoacademicgrades,leavingpracticalskilllessonslittleroomintightschedules.Academicsubjectsalwaysgainmoreattention,whilebasiclifeskillsaretreatedaslessimportant.Ibelieve,however,thatschoolsshouldteachpracticalskillsaspartofawell-roundededucation.Thoughschoolssucceedintrainingexcellentlearners,theyfailtoequipstudentswithnecessarylifeabilities.Cooking,houseworkandfirstaidmattergreatlyforreal-lifesurvival.Duringthepandemiclockdown,manypeoplefellintotroublewhenrestaurantsandhomemaintenanceservicesstopped.Thoselackingbasicskillsfoundithardtofeedthemselvesordealwithsimplehouseholdproblems.Itisregrettablethatmanyknowledgeablestudentsstrugglewitheasydailytasks.Besides,practicalskillsremindstudentsthatgoodgradesdonotequalsuccessfuladulthood.Areportshowsnumerousyoungpeopleoverspendeasily,resultingindebtsandhiddenliferisks.Modernsocietyrequiresstudentstomastermorethantextbookknowledge.Financialeducationhelpspreventteenagersfromblindconsumptionandheavydebts.Someargueparentsshouldteachkidslifeskills.Yetbusyworkingparentsbarelyhavesparetimetodoso.Increasingcostsoflivingmeanthatformostfamilies,bothparentshavetoworktomakeendsmeet.Furthermore,parentsmightbeill-equippedtoteachtheseskills,withsomestrugglingtomanagetheirownfinancesornotabletoevenprepareasimplemeal.Therefore,schoolsaretheidealplacetooffersystematiccompulsorypracticalcourses.Afterall,itisaplacewherechildrenspendmuchoftheirtime.AsSandraCarey,awriter,putsit,“Nevermistakeknowledgeforwisdom.Onehelpsyoumakealiving;theotherhelpsyoumakealife.”Schoolisnotsimplyaplacetoimpartknowledgeandprepareusforacareer.Byteachinguspracticalskills,itimpartswisdomthatcanhelpusbuildhappy,healthyandfulfilledlives.8.Whatproblemispointedoutinparagraph1?A.Moststudentscannotcook. B.Academicgradesarefalling.C.Schoolschedulesaretootight. D.Schoolsignorebasiclifeskills.9.Whyisthepandemiclockdownmentioned?A.Toblamethepoorrestaurantservice.B.Toprovethevalueofschooleducation.C.Toshowstudents’lackofsurvivalskills.D.Topitystudentsstrugglingwitheasytasks.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheideaofparentsteachingkidslifeskills?A.Risky. B.Worthy. C.Effective. D.Impractical.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LifeSkillsAreBestLearnedatSchool. B.ParentsCannotReplaceSchoolsHere.C.StudentsShouldLearnBeyondBooks. D.GradesAloneDoNotEnsureSuccess.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【导语】主要论述学校应当开设实用生活技能课程，系统教授学生生活技能，助力学生全面发展。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nowadays,schoolsattachgreatimportancetoacademicgrades,leavingpracticalskilllessonslittleroomintightschedules.Academicsubjectsalwaysgainmoreattention,whilebasiclifeskillsaretreatedaslessimportant.(如今，学校高度重视学业成绩，在紧凑的课程安排里几乎没有给实践技能课留下空间。理论学科总能得到更多关注，而基本生活技能被认为没那么重要。)”可知，第一段指出的问题是学校忽视基础生活技能的教学。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Duringthepandemiclockdown,manypeoplefellintotroublewhenrestaurantsandhomemaintenanceservicesstopped.Thoselackingbasicskillsfoundithardtofeedthemselvesordealwithsimplehouseholdproblems.(疫情封锁期间，餐馆和家庭维修服务停摆，很多人陷入困境。那些缺乏基本技能的人发现，很难养活自己或者处理简单的家务问题。)”可知，作者提及疫情封控，是为了说明缺少生存技能会遇到困难，以此展示学生生存技能的欠缺。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yetbusyworkingparentsbarelyhavesparetimetodoso.Increasingcostsoflivingmeanthatformostfamilies,bothparentshavetoworktomakeendsmeet.Furthermore,parentsmightbeill-equippedtoteachtheseskills,withsomestrugglingtomanagetheirownfinancesornotabletoevenprepareasimplemeal.(然而忙碌的职场父母几乎没有空余时间来做这件事。不断上涨的生活成本意味着，对大多数家庭而言，父母双方都必须工作才能维持收支平衡。此外，父母本身可能并不具备教授这些技能的能力，有些人连打理自己的财务都吃力，甚至不会做一顿简单的饭菜。)”可知，作者认为依靠父母教孩子生活技能这个想法不切实际。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段中的“Ibelieve,however,thatschoolsshouldteachpracticalskillsaspartofawell-roundededucation.(然而我认为，学校应当把实用技能教学作为全面教育的一部分。)”以及尾段内容可知，全文紧紧围绕“学校应该教授生活技能”展开，因此“LifeSkillsAreBestLearnedatSchool.(生活技能最好在学校学习)”最能概括全文主旨。DIfyouwanttoknowwhenmathematiciansareabouttohaveabreakthrough,youdon’tneedtolookinsidetheirheads.Justwatchtheirmovementsatachalkboard.“I’vealwaysbeeninterestedbythetensionbetweenhowabstractmathematicsisandhowphysicaltheactualactivityofmathis,”saysTylerMarghetis,acognitive(认知的)scientist.Hewonderedwhetherhecouldusethe“manuallabor”ofmathtodeduce(推演)whatwashappeninginsomeone’smind.Inarecentstudy,Marghetisandhisco-authorsborrowedtheoreticaltoolsfromotherfieldstoshowit’spossible.Complexsystemssometimessuddenlychangestate.Itcanhappenwhenmetalsbecomemagnetic,orwhenahorseshiftsfromawalktoarun.Oftenaperiodofinstabilitycomesbeforetheturningpoint.Researchsuggeststhatsuchachangealsohappensintheprocessofinsight,—whenthebrainisstuck,wobbles,andthenfindstherighttrack.Thisstudyillustratesthisprocessatwork.Theresearchersrecordedsixmathematiciansastheyeachspentabout40minutesworkingoncomplexmathproblemsandthinkingaloud.Observersmadeanoteeachtimeapersonshiftedattentiontodifferentpartsoftheboardbywriting,erasingorpointingatmathsigns.Theresearchersalsorecordedexclamationsofinsight(“Isee!”).Byanalyzingthedata,theyfoundthattheplaceswhereattentionshiftedbecamemuchmoreunpredictableinthetwominutesbeforeagreatdiscoverymoment.It’sunclearwherethatunpredictabilityoriginated:Eitherabubblingidealedsolverstoconnectpuzzlepiecesacrosstheboard,orsolvershadgrownfrustratedanddecidedtophysicallysearchfornewconnections,whichsparkedasolution.Shadab,theleadauthor,imaginesa“coolapplication”oftheirmethod:somedaycomputerscreensthattrackmouseoreyemovementsmightknowexactlywhennottodisturbsomeonenearingabreakthroughorwhentooffertimelytips.12.WhatdoesTylerMarghetis’studyfocuson?A.Howmathisbothabstractandphysical.B.Whymathproblemscanbesocomplex.C.Howmathcanbehelpedbyotherfields.D.Whetherphysicalactionsshowourminds.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wobbles”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Worksinafixedway. B.Improvesthinkingspeed.C.Becomeslesssteady. D.Graduallylosesinterest.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwominutesinparagraph4?A.Futureactionsarehardertopredict.B.Shiftinattentionmeansadiscovery.C.Physicalactionsleadtoanewidea.D.Anewideacausesthatunpredictability.15.Whatdoesa“coolapplication”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Recordingcomputerusers’movements. B.Providingmathtipsforcomputerusers.C.Facilitatinghuman-computerinteraction. D.Helpingcomputerssolvemathproblems.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍一项研究，数学家在取得突破前，黑板前肢体动作的不稳定性可以反映大脑的顿悟过程。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hewonderedwhetherhecouldusethe“manuallabor”ofmathtodeduce(推演)whatwashappeninginsomeone’smind.Inarecentstudy,Marghetisandhisco-authorsborrowedtheoreticaltoolsfromotherfieldstoshowit’spossible.(他想知道能否借助数学中的“体力活动”来推演出人脑中正在发生的事情。在最近一项研究中，Marghetis与合著者借用其他领域理论工具证明这是可行的。)”可知，TylerMarghetis的研究聚焦肢体动作是否能展现人的思维活动。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Researchsuggeststhatsuchachangealsohappensintheprocessofinsight,—whenthebrainisstuck,wobbles,andthenfindstherighttrack.(研究表明，这种转变也发生在顿悟过程中，大脑陷入僵局、wobbles，随后找到正确思路。)”可知，顿悟来临前大脑卡住、状态不稳，wobbles表达“变得不稳定”，因此“Becomeslesssteady”符合语境。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Byanalyzingthedata,theyfoundthattheplaceswhereattentionshiftedbecamemuchmoreunpredictableinthetwominutesbeforeagreatdiscoverymoment.(通过分析数据，他们发现在重大发现时刻前两分钟，注意力转移的位置变得更加不可预测。)”可知，在这两分钟里，后续行为更难预测。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Shadab,theleadauthor,imaginesa“coolapplication”oftheirmethod:somedaycomputerscreensthattrackmouseoreyemovementsmightknowexactlywhennottodisturbsomeonenearingabreakthroughorwhentooffertimelytips.(第一作者Shadab设想该方法的一个“很棒的应用”：有朝一日，追踪鼠标或眼球移动的电脑屏幕能精准判断何时不打扰即将取得突破的人，或是适时给出提示。)”可知，这个应用是为优化人机交互。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyAreKeyboardsQWERTY?Ifyouhaveeverwonderedwhythelettersonyourkeyboardareintheorderthattheyare,youcanthankAmericanhistory.In1868,aninventorpatentedthefirstcommerciallysoldtypewriter.____16____Duringtheyears,heeditedthearrangementofthelettersineachrow.Finally,in1874,heunveiledwhatwenowknowastheQWERTYkeyboard.Thereareseveraltheoriesastowhythekeyswerearrangedthisway.Onepopulartheoryisthatithelpedpreventtypewritersfromjamming.Inearlymachines,hittingtwonearbykeysatthesametimecouldeasilycausethemechanicalarmstogetstuck.____17____Thatsloweddownthefasttypingslightly,makingthemachineworkmoresmoothly.IsQWERTYreallythebestarrangementoflettersforquicktyping?Manypeoplethinknot.____18____DevelopedbyanAmericanpsychologistinthe1930s,thisalternativerearrangestheorderoflettersonthe“homerow”,whereyourfingerstypicallyrest.Ithostsavowel-heavyarrangementtoencouragethewritertousedifferentfingersforquickertyping.____19____However,QWERTYhasalwaysremainedthestandardglobally.Perhapshumankind’sfondnessforroutineisthemainreason.Onceahabitisformed,itbecomesextremelydifficultforpeopletochange.Thistraditionalhabitissometimescalled“theinertiaofnaturalhabits”.____20____A.Thischangewaswelcometoadvancedtypists.B.Thiswasanewandexcitingwaytowriteatthattime.C.SometimesweneedextraefforttogetridofsuchhabitsD.Thusthelayoutremainsalthoughwenowtypeonelectronicscreens.E.Overtheyears,manyotherexcellentkeyboardlayoutshavecomealong.F.Amongthehandfulofnewlayouts,theDvorakkeyboardisverypopular.G.Tofixthisannoyingissue,theinventordecidedtoseparatepopularletters.【答案】16.B17.G18.F19.E20.D【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍QWERTY键盘的由来、设计原理以及尽管有更好布局，它仍作为国际标准的原因。【16题详解】根据上文“In1868,aninventorpatentedthefirstcommerciallysoldtypewriter.(1868年，一位发明家获得了第一台商用打字机的专利。)”以及下文“Duringtheyears,heeditedthearrangementofthelettersineachrow.(在那些年里，他调整每一行字母的排布。)”可知，上文引出第一台商用打字机，下文讲述后续字母排布的调整，此空需要承接打字机诞生这件事。B选项“Thiswasanewandexcitingwaytowriteatthattime(在那时，这是一种新颖又令人振奋的书写方式。)”中的This指代前文提到的第一台商用打字机，承接上文并自然引出后文对键盘布局的改进，符合语境。【17题详解】根据上文“Inearlymachines,hittingtwonearbykeysatthesametimecouldeasilycausethemechanicalarmstogetstuck.(在早期机器中，同时按下相邻两个按键很容易造成机械臂卡住。)”以及下文“Thatsloweddownthefasttypingslightly,makingthemachineworkmoresmoothly.(这略微降低快速打字速度，让机器运行更顺畅。)”可知，上文提出打字机卡键的故障，下文是该方案带来的效果，此空要填入对应的解决办法。G选项“Tofixthisannoyingissue,theinventordecidedtoseparatepopularletters.(为解决这个恼人的问题，发明家决定把常用字母分开放置。)”中的thisannoyingissue指代前文打字机卡键问题，构成“发现问题—采取对策—产生效果”的逻辑链，That指代把常用字母分开这个做法，前后呼应，符合语境。【18题详解】根据上文“IsQWERTYreallythebestarrangementoflettersforquicktyping?Manypeoplethinknot.(QWERTY真的是适合快速打字的最佳字母排布吗？很多人并不这么认为。)”以及下文“DevelopedbyanAmericanpsychologistinthe1930s,thisalternativerearrangestheorderoflettersonthe“homerow”,whereyourfingerstypicallyrest.(它由一名美国心理学家在20世纪30年代研发，这个替代方案重新排布了手指放置的基准行上的字母。)”可知，上文提出QWERTY布局并非最优，下文的thisalternative指代空格提到的另一种键盘布局。F选项“Amongthehandfulofnewlayouts,theDvorakkeyboardisverypopular.(在少数新布局中，德沃夏克键盘十分受欢迎。)”引出德沃夏克键盘，下文用thisalternative指代它，实现指代呼应，符合语境。【19题详解】根据下文“However,QWERTYhasalwaysremainedthestandardglobally.(然而，QWERTY一直是全球通用标准。)”可知，however表达转折含义，说明虽然出现了别的键盘布局，但QWERTY依旧是主流，E选项“Overtheyears,manyotherexcellentkeyboardlayoutshavecomealong.(多年来，很多其他优秀的键盘布局陆续出现。)”先陈述有很多其他布局，再通过however转折突出QWERTY的主流地位，逻辑通顺，符合语境。【20题详解】根据上文“Onceahabitisformed,itbecomesextremelydifficultforpeopletochange.Thistraditionalhabitissometimescalled“theinertiaofnaturalhabits”.(习惯一旦养成，人们很难改变。这种传统习惯有时被称作“自然习惯的惯性”。)”可知，上文点明习惯具有惯性，此空由习惯惯性推导出最终结果。D选项“Thusthelayoutremainsalthoughwenowtypeonelectronicscreens.(所以尽管我们现在在电子屏幕上打字，这种布局依然保留下来。)”中的Thus表示因果关系，由习惯惯性推出QWERTY布局沿用至今这一结论，承接上文，符合语境。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,NewYork,todayisspeechday,andit’sChrisPalaez’s____21____.Thekidisthejokeroftheclass,whoseemstoenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe’s____22____.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld”,apronunciationdifficultyformany____23____Englishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,whispers____24____besidehim.“…Votefor…me…”____25____somestumbles(磕绊),Chrisdoesamazinglywell.Whenheconcludes,Whaleyinvitestheclassto____26____him.Asonofimmigrants,Chris____27____tolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecallsthatatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswould____28____himselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbepainful.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyou____29____,givingyouroomtostumblebeforefindingyourfooting.“Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforonelearningEnglishasanewlanguage,tofeel_____30_____enoughtosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygotthe_____31_____forthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildreniftheythoughttheycouldneverbepresident.Theanswer_____32_____hisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisabout_____33_____learningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourselfandyourbest_____34_____,”Whaleysays,“ishowachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfidentbeginsto_____35_____theirvalueandbelievetheybelong.”21.A.turn B.duty C.dream D.honor22.A.upset B.nervous C.puzzled D.bored23.A.shy B.weak C.young D.non-native24.A.trust B.support C.secrets D.solutions25.A.Nextto B.Alongwith C.Exceptfor D.Insteadof26.A.praise B.believe C.follow D.comfort27.A.agreed B.started C.chose D.decided28.A.force B.prepare C.excuse D.allow29.A.giveup B.makemistakes C.takeshortcuts D.askforhelp30.A.proud B.thankful C.delighted D.confident31.A.idea B.reason C.preference D.explanation32.A.won B.filled C.broke D.stole33.A.morethan B.nothingbut C.otherthan D.moreorless34.A.scores B.qualities C.choices D.memories35.A.show B.prove C.regain D.recognize【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.B25.C26.A27.B28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】主要讲述老师Whaley举办演讲活动，帮助移民孩子建立自信，让孩子们认识自我价值。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：今天是演讲日，轮到ChrisPalaez上场了。A.turn轮到；B.duty责任；C.dream梦想；D.honor荣誉。根据前文“todayisspeechday”可知，演讲日按顺序进行，现在轮到Chris。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：但是他很紧张。A.upset沮丧的；B.nervous紧张的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.bored无聊的。根据后文“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”可知，Chris说话磕磕绊绊，能看出他紧张。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：Chris在读-ld音时卡壳，这对许多非英语母语的学习者来说都是发音难点。A.shy害羞的；B.weak虚弱的；C.young年轻的；D.non-native非母语的。根据下文“Asonofimmigrants,Chris________tolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.”可知，Chris是移民子女，属于非英语母语学习者。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：他的老师ThomasWhaley在他身旁低声提示来支持他。A.trust信任；B.support支持；C.secrets秘密；D.solutions解决办法。根据后文“…Votefor…me…”可知，老师小声提示台词，是给予支持。【25题详解】考查介词短语。句意：除了几处磕绊之外，Chris表现得非常好。A.Nextto在……旁边；B.Alongwith连同；C.Exceptfor除了；D.Insteadof代替。根据后文“Chrisdoesamazinglywell”可知，整体表现很好，不足之处是有几处停顿磕绊。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：当他结束演讲时，Whaley请全班同学赞扬他。A.praise赞扬；B.believe相信；C.follow跟随；D.comfort安慰。根据前文“____somestumbles(磕绊),Chrisdoesamazinglywell.”可知Chris虽然有磕绊，但整体演讲表现很棒，所以老师邀请同学们赞扬他。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：作为移民的孩子，Chris三年前开始学习英语。A.agreed同意；B.started开始；C.chose选择；D.decided决定。根据后文“threeyearsago”可知，这里表达三年前开始学英语。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：Whaley回忆，在这学年刚开始的时候，当被点名朗读，克里斯会找借口去洗手间。A.force强迫；B.prepare准备；C.excuse找借口；D.allow允许。根据前文“Asonofimmigrants,Chris______tolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.”可知Chris学英语时间不长，朗读对他很难，所以他找借口躲开。【29题详解】考查动词短语。句意：你需要一位好老师，允许你犯错，给你磕磕绊绊的空间，直到站稳脚步。A.giveup放弃；B.makemistakes犯错；C.takeshortcuts走捷径；D.askforhelp求助。根据后文“givingyouroomtostumble”可知，stumble表示出错、磕绊，对应makemistakes。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：Whaley解释道，对任何学生来说都不容易，尤其是把英语当作新语言学习的学生，要足够自信说出：“我不知道，但我想知道。”A.proud骄傲的；B.thankful感激的；C.delighted高兴的；D.confident自信的。根据后文“tosay,‘Idon’tknow,butIwanttoknow.’”可知，敢于坦诚说出这句话，需要足够的自信。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：当Whaley问孩子们是否认为自己永远不可能成为总统时，他萌生了这个二年级总统竞选演讲项目的想法。A.idea想法；B.reason理由；C.preference偏爱；D.explanation解释。根据前文“whenheaskedthechildreniftheythoughttheycouldneverbepresident.”可知，正是在向学生提问的时候，老师产生了举办该项目的想法。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们的回答伤了他的心。A.won赢得；B.filled填满；C.broke打碎；D.stole偷。根据前文“whenheaskedthechildreniftheythoughttheycouldneverbepresident.”可知，孩子们觉得自己当不了总统，这样的回答让老师心碎。【33题详解】考查短语。句意：Whaley说这个项目不仅仅是学习当众朗读和发言。A.morethan不仅仅；B.nothingbut只不过；C.otherthan除了；D.moreorless或多或少。根据后文“Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.”可知，项目还有更深层目的，不止练习说话。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：Whaley说：“夸耀你自己以及你身上最好的品质。”A.scores分数；B.qualities品质；C.choices选择；D.memories回忆。根据后文“ishowachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfidentbeginsto_______theirvalueandbelievetheybelong.”可知，夸赞自身优秀品质，能帮孩子认识自我价值。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：这能让走进教室时缺乏自信的孩子，慢慢认识到自身价值，相信自己属于这里。A.show展示；B.prove证明；C.regain重新获得；D.recognize认识。根据后文“theirvalueandbelievetheybelong”可知，孩子慢慢认识到自己的价值。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ForksarecommonlyusedonWesterndinnertables.YetinEastAsia,chopsticksplayasimilarroleastheforkbuttheyholdfar____36____(great)culturalimportance,rootedinhundredsofyearsoftraditionandsubtlediningrules.Referredto____37____kuaiziinChina,chopsticksaremorethanbasiceatingtools.TheirorigincanbetracedbacktotheShangDynasty,____38____thefindingsofancientbronzechopstickshaveconfirmedtheirthousandsofyearsofhistory.Asdelicateculturalsymbols,they____39____(pass)downthroughgenerationsandgraduallyformeduniquediningtraditions.Thereisa____40____(fix)standardposturetousechopstickscorrectly.Peoplefixonechopstickbetweenthethumbandmiddlefingerasasupport,andcontrolthe____41____onewiththeindexfingertopickupfood.Ittakesconstantpracticetomasterthisskillproficiently.Apartfromusageskills,followingdiningwaysis____42____(equal)important.Insertingchopsticksstraightintoricebowlsisforbidden,sincethisgestureissimilartotheactofhonoring____43____deadandregardedasbadluck.Knockingbowls,bitingchopsticksandplaying____44____diningtoolsareallimproperbehaviors.Whenhavingmealstogether,peopleusuallyusespecialservingchopstickstotakesharedfood,_____45_____maintainstablecleanlinessandshowssincererespecttoothers.【答案】36.greater37.as38.when39.havebeenpassed40.fixed41.other42.equally43.the44.with45.which【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍筷子在中国的文化意义、起源、正确使用姿势以及餐桌上有关筷子的礼仪规范。【36题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：然而在东亚，筷子发挥着和叉子相似的作用，但它们拥有大得多的文化重要性，根植于数百年的传统和细微的用餐规则。far可以修饰比较级，结合语境，此处是把筷子和叉子的文化重要性作对比，great的比较级是greater。【37题详解】考查介词。句意：在中国被叫做kuaizi，筷子不仅仅是基础的进食工具。此处为固定搭配referredtoas，意为“被称作”，所以此处为介词as。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们的起源可以追溯到商朝，在那个时期，出土的古青铜筷子证实了它们数千年的历史。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词theShangDynasty指时间，在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导从句。【39题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：作为精巧的文化符号，它们代代相传，逐渐形成独特的用餐传统。此处为谓语动词，they指代chopsticks，和passdown之间是被动关系；动作从过去持续到现在，要用现在完