2025-2026年重庆市湘教版高一英语必修一第十五章同步练习题

2025-2026年重庆市湘教版高一英语必修一第十五章同步练习题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit15,whatisthemainpurposeofthearticleaboutenvironmentalprotection?A.Topersuadereaderstobuyelectriccarsimmediately.B.Toexplainthecausesandeffectsofairpollution.C.TointroduceanewrecyclingprograminChina.D.Tocriticizegovernmentsfornotactingquicklyenough.解析：本题考查文章主旨大意。根据第十五章课文内容，文章重点分析了空气污染的成因（如工业排放、汽车尾气）及其危害（如健康问题、气候变暖），并提出了可能的解决方案（如减少化石燃料使用、推广绿色能源）。选项A错误，文章未直接推销电车；选项C错误，未提及具体回收计划；选项D错误，文章基调是客观分析而非批评。正确答案为B，符合单元核心知识点“环境问题的多角度探讨”。2.InthedialoguefromUnit15,whydoesthegirlsuggestplantingtreesinsteadofbuyinggiftsforherfriend'sbirthday?A.Becauseshewantstosavemoney.B.Becauseshebelievesenvironmentalprotectionismoreimportant.C.Becauseherfrienddoesn’tlikegifts.D.Becauseshewantstosurpriseherfriendwithadifferentidea.解析：本题考查单元重点对话内容。根据课文场景，女孩提出植树建议时强调“Wecanhelptheplanetinsteadofjustbuyingthings”（我们帮助地球而不是只购物），体现单元主题“可持续生活方式”。选项A未提及，选项C与原文冲突（对话中未说明朋友讨厌礼物），选项D不是核心原因。正确答案B与单元价值观“环保优先”一致。3.Whatdoestheunittextimplyaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy?A.Itwillreplaceallfossilfuelsby2030.B.Itdependsongovernmentpoliciesandtechnologicaladvances.C.Itistooexpensivetobewidelyadopted.D.Itwillneverbeasefficientastraditionalenergy.解析：本题考查单元延伸知识。文章提到太阳能和风能的发展受政策支持（如补贴）和技术突破（如储能技术）影响，但未给出具体时间表或绝对结论。选项A过于绝对，选项C与文中“成本正在下降”矛盾，选项D与单元“能源转型”主题相悖。正确答案B准确概括了文章隐含观点。4.Accordingtotheunit'sgrammarsection,whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoice?A.Thestudentsweregivenalotofhomeworkyesterday.B.Manytreeshavebeenplantedinourschool.C.Shewillbeinvitedtothepartynextweek.D.TheymustfinishtheprojectbyFriday.解析：本题考查单元语法重点。选项A是过去时被动语态（被动者“students”），选项B是现在完成时被动语态（被动者“trees”），选项C是将来时被动语态（被动者“she”），选项D是主动语态。根据单元语法练习，B和C均正确，但题目要求单选，需选择更典型的例句。选项B“havebeenplanted”符合单元被动语态常见结构，正确。5.Intheunit'sreadingpassage,whydoestheauthorusetheword"sustainable"?A.Tomean"short-termprofitable."B.Toemphasizelong-termenvironmentalandeconomicbenefits.C.Todescribesomethingthatiseasytomaintain.D.Tocriticizeunsustainablepractices.解析：本题考查单元词汇理解。根据单元词汇表，“sustainable”定义是“能够长期维持的”，结合文章讨论的农业、能源等话题，作者意在强调“不损害未来资源”的理念。选项A与定义相反，选项C未提及，选项D语气过于负面。正确答案B准确反映单元核心概念。6.Whatisthepurposeoftheunit'swritingtaskabout"Mydreamjob"?A.Toteststudents'abilitytowriteapoem.B.Toaskstudentstodescribetheirfavoritehobby.C.Topracticewritingafive-paragraphessay.D.Toencouragestudentstothinkaboutfuturecareers.解析：本题考查单元写作要求。根据单元说明，写作任务要求学生结合个人兴趣和职业发展，探讨理想工作（如“WhyIwanttobeanengineer”），属于议论文写作。选项A、B偏离主题，选项C是写作形式而非目的。正确答案D符合单元“职业规划”教育目标。7.Accordingtotheunit'slisteningactivity,whatproblemdoestheenvironmentalistmention?A.Noisepollutionincitycenters.B.Waterscarcityinruralareas.C.Plasticwasteinoceans.D.Airpollutionfromfactories.解析：本题考查单元听力内容。根据模拟听力原文，环保人士重点讨论塑料对海洋生物的影响（如“millionsofseaanimalsdiefromplasticeveryyear”），并呼吁减少一次性塑料使用。选项A、B、D虽是环境问题，但非该听力片段核心。正确答案C与单元“海洋污染”话题一致。8.Howdoestheunit'sgrammarexercisehelpstudents?A.Itonlyteststheirmemoryoftenses.B.Itimprovestheirabilitytousemodalsforadvice.C.Itteachesthemhowtowritearesearchpaper.D.Itfocusesonlyonvocabulary.解析：本题考查单元语法教学。根据单元语法部分，重点练习情态动词（如“should”提出环保建议）和过去完成时（如“hasbeendamaged”描述环境变化），选项B准确反映单元语法目标。选项A、C、D过于片面。正确答案B符合单元教学设计。9.Whatisthemainideaoftheunit'sspeakingactivityabout"Adayforenvironmentalaction"?A.TopracticeorderingfoodinEnglish.B.Todiscussdailyhabitsthatharmtheplanet.C.TolearnhowtoapologizeinEnglish.D.Toplanaschooltrip.解析：本题考查单元口语训练。根据活动说明，学生需讨论如何通过日常行为（如“turnofflights”）保护环境，属于话题讨论类口语练习。选项A、C、D与单元主题无关。正确答案B与单元“环保行动”一致。10.Accordingtotheunit'spost-readingquestions,whichskillisbeingtested?A.Readingspeed.B.Criticalthinkingabouttheauthor'sarguments.C.Spellingaccuracy.D.Abilitytosummarizelongtexts.解析：本题考查单元阅读评估。根据单元练习设计，问题如“Doyouagreewiththeauthor’ssolutiontoclimatechange?”属于评价性思考，而非单纯信息提取或语言技能。选项A、C、D未涉及。正确答案B符合单元“批判性阅读”目标。二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1.Theunittextmentionsthat"renewableenergysources_______fromthesun,wind,orwater."解析：根据课文填空，原文为“renewableenergysourcescomefromthesun,wind,orwater”，填动词原形“come”。2.Inthegrammarsection,studentslearnedthat"ifit_______tomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."解析：根据单元虚拟语气练习，条件状语从句用一般现在时，填“rains”。3.Thelisteningpassagedescribeshow"manypeople_______plasticbagseveryyear."解析：根据听力原文数据，“billions”是固定搭配，填“use”。4.Theunit’swritingtaskasksstudentstoexplain"whyprotectingtherainforestis_______forbiodiversity."解析：根据单元价值观，填形容词“important”。5.Theenvironmentalistinthevideosuggeststhat"we_______lessmeattoreducegreenhousegases."解析：根据单元建议句式，填情态动词“should”。6.Theunit’svocabularyexerciseincludestheword"sustainable,"whichmeans"ableto_______foralongtimewithoutharmingtheenvironment."解析：根据定义，填动词不定式“last”。7.Inthespeakingactivity,studentsdiscuss"howtheycan_______waterathome."解析：根据单元话题，填动词原形“save”。8.Theunit’sreadingpassagementionsthat"airpollution_______people’shealthandtheclimate."解析：根据并列结构，填动词原形“affects”。9.Thegrammarexercisepracticesthepassivevoice,suchas"Thepark_______lastyearbythelocalcommunity."解析：根据过去时被动语态，填“wasbuilt”。10.Theunit’spost-readingquestionsaskstudentsto"evaluatewhethertheauthor’s_______arerealistic."解析：根据文章结构，填名词“suggestions”。三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Theunittextsuggeststhatelectriccarsaretheonlysolutiontoreduceairpollution.解析：错误。文章列举了多种措施（如减少化石燃料、公共交通），未强调电车的唯一性。2.Accordingtotheunit’sgrammarsection,"willberecycled"isanexampleofthefuturepassivevoice.解析：正确。符合单元被动语态练习（如“Thebottleswillberecyclednextweek”）。3.Thelisteningpassagementionsthatallcountrieshavethesamelevelofenvironmentalproblems.解析：错误。原文对比了发达国家与发展中国家的差异（如“richcountriesproducemorewaste”）。4.Theunit’swritingtaskrequiresstudentstowriteapoemabouttheirdreamjob.解析：错误。写作要求是议论文（如“WhyIwanttobeadoctor”）。5.Theunit’svocabularylistincludestheword"sustainable"withthedefinition"short-termprofitable."解析：错误。单元词汇表定义是“long-termenvironmentallyfriendly.”6.Theenvironmentalistinthevideosuggeststhatindividualactionshavenoimpactonglobalproblems.解析：错误。原文强调“smallstepsmatter”（如“turnoffthelights”）。7.Theunit’sgrammarexerciseonlytestsstudents’abilitytousethepresentperfecttense.解析：错误。单元包含多种时态（如过去完成时、情态动词）。8.Thespeakingactivityasksstudentstoplanaschooltripnextmonth.解析：错误。话题是“dailyhabitsthatharmtheenvironment.”9.Theunit’sreadingpassageconcludesthatthereisnosolutiontoclimatechange.解析：错误。文章提出技术（如carboncapture）和政策（如taxes）等解决方案。10.Theunit’spost-readingquestionsareallmultiple-choicequestions.解析：错误。单元包含开放性问题（如“Whatwouldyoudoifyousawplasticpollution?”）。四、简答题（每题2分，共16分）1.Accordingtotheunittext,whatarethreewaystoreduceplasticwaste?参考答案：-Usereusablebagsinsteadofsingle-useplastics.-Recycleplasticbottlesandcontainersproperly.-Supportcompaniesthatusesustainablepackaging.解析：本题考查单元细节信息。原文分三点说明（如“bringyourownbags”“sortwaste”“buyeco-friendlyproducts”），答案需覆盖核心措施。2.Howdoestheunit’sgrammarsectionhelpstudentswriteaboutenvironmentalproblems?参考答案：-Passivevoice(e.g.,"Theriverwaspollutedbyfactories").-Modalsforsuggestions(e.g.,"Weshouldplantmoretrees").-Pastperfect(e.g.,"Manyanimalshaddiedbeforethelawwaspassed").解析：本题考查单元语法应用。答案需结合单元练习内容（如情态动词表建议、被动语态表客观事实）。3.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources?参考答案：-Renewablesources(e.g.,solar)areinfiniteandeco-friendly.-Non-renewablesources(e.g.,coal)arefiniteandpollutetheenvironment.解析：本题考查单元核心概念。答案需对比单元表格或课文中的定义（如“renewablevs.fossilfuels”）。4.Whyiscriticalthinkingimportantwhenreadingaboutenvironmentalissues?参考答案：-Toevaluatesources(e.g.,isthedatareliable?).-Tounderstanddifferentperspectives(e.g.,economicvs.environmentalcosts).-Toavoidmisinformation(e.g.,distinguishingfactsfromopinions).解析：本题考查单元阅读能力。答案需结合单元讨论的“fakenews”或“debates”（如“nuclearenergyprosandcons”）。5.Howcanindividualactionsmakeadifferenceinenvironmentalprotection?参考答案：-Smallhabits(e.g.,savingwater,usingpublictransport).-Consumerchoices(e.g.,buyingless,supportinggreenbrands).-Spreadingawareness(e.g.,sharingtipswithfriends).解析：本题考查单元价值观。答案需引用单元活动（如“speakingactivityaboutdailyactions”）。6.Whatdoestheunit’svocabularysectionteachstudentsaboutwordslike"sustainable"?参考答案：-Etymology(e.g.,"sustain"means"tokeepgoing").-Collocations(e.g.,"sustainabledevelopment").-Usageincontext(e.g.,"sustainableagriculture"vs."unsustainablefishing").解析：本题考查单元词汇教学。答案需结合单元练习（如“wordmatching”“sentencecompletion”）。7.Howdoestheunit’swritingtaskimprovestudents’Englishskills?参考答案：-Structure(e.g.,introduction-body-conclusion).-Argumentation(e.g.,usingevidenceforclaims).-Wordchoice(e.g.,synonymsfor"important"like"crucial").解析：本题考查单元写作目标。答案需结合单元范文或教师反馈（如“checklistforessays”）。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweengrammarandvocabularyintheunit?参考答案：-Grammarprovidesrulesforusingwords(e.g.,passivevoicewith"polluted").-Vocabularyhelpsexpressideas(e.g.,"renewable"vs."non-renewable").-Bothworktogether(e.g.,"Thewindmillgeneratescleanenergy").解析：本题考查单元语言技能整合。答案需引用单元语法练习和词汇表（如“modalverbstable”）。五、应用题（每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Astudentwrites,"Plasticisbadbecauseitkillsanimals."Rewritethesentenceusingthepassivevoiceandamodalverbtomakeitmoreformal.参考答案："Animalsarekilledbyplasticwaste."解析：本题考查单元语法应用。被动语态（“arekilled”）+情态动词（隐含“canbe”表可能性）符合单元写作要求。2.Scenario:Theschoolwantstostarta"ZeroWasteWeek."WritethreeslogansusingvocabularyfromUnit15.参考答案：-"Reduce,reuse,recycle—savetheplanet!"-"Sustainablechoicestoday,betterfuturetomorrow!"-"Noplastic,noproblem—gogreen!"解析：本题考查单元词汇输出。答案需使用单元核心词（如“renewable”“sustainable”“waste”）。3.Task:Imagineyouareinterviewinganenvironmentalscientist.AskthreequestionsaboutrenewableenergyfromUnit15.参考答案：-"Whatarethebiggestchallengesinsolarenergydevelopment?"-"Howcangovernmentsencouragemorepeopletousewindpower?"-"Doyouthinkrenewableenergywillreplacefossilfuelscompletely?"解析：本题考查单元听力/口语技能。问题需围绕单元话题（如“listeningpassageaboutsolarfarms”）。4.Exercise:Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingadifferentstructurebutkeepingthemeaning:"Manytreeswerecutdownlastyear."参考答案："Lastyear,theforestlostmanytrees."解析：本题考查单元语法变通能力。被动语态转换为主谓宾结构，符合单元练习（如“sentencetransformation”）。5.Problem:Yourfriendsays,"Itdoesn’tmatterifIuseadisposablecupbecauseonepersoncan’tchangetheworld."Writeashortparagraph(30words)反驳他，使用至少两个单元词汇.参考答案："Everysmallactioncounts!Ifweallreducewaste,wecanmakeabigdifference.It’saboutsustainability,notjustindividualimpact."解析：本题考查单元价值观输出。答案需引用单元“collectiveresponsibility”观点，使用“sustainable”“counts”等词。