2025-2026年江苏省北师大版高三英语第8课阅读理解练习题

2025-2026年江苏省北师大版高三英语第8课阅读理解练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage,theword"pivotal"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.essentialB.optionalC.temporaryD.predictable（解析：pivotal意为“关键的”，根据第8课文章中关于全球气候变化的论述，pivotal强调气候变化对生态系统的决定性作用，故选A。其他选项B“可选的”、C“临时的”、D“可预测的”均与原文语境不符。）2.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemainpurposeofrenewableenergyadoption?A.ToreducegovernmentspendingB.ToimprovepublichealthC.TodecreaseglobalcarbonemissionsD.Toincreaseindustrialproductivity（解析：文章第8课重点讨论可再生能源对环境的影响，明确指出其目的是减少碳排放，故选C。选项A、B、D虽为可再生能源的次要效益，但非核心目标。）3.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"inthepassagerefersto______.A.abeneficialtechnologyB.acontroversialissueC.asustainablesolutionD.anefficientsystem（解析：根据上下文，第8课分析可再生能源的利弊，"double-edgedsword"比喻其既带来好处又存在风险，故选B。其他选项均片面描述其单一属性。）4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttraditionalfossilfuelsinthesecondparagraph?A.Theyaremoreefficientthanrenewables.B.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Theyarebeingphasedoutglobally.D.Theyhavelimitedlong-termviability.（解析：文章对比新旧能源时，暗示化石燃料因污染问题难以持续，故选D。选项A、B与原文观点相反，C虽部分正确但非核心论点。）5.Thepassagesuggeststhatsolarenergyisparticularlysuitableforregionswith______.A.highpopulationdensityB.limitedwaterresourcesC.abundantsunlightD.advancedindustrialinfrastructure（解析：第8课举例说明太阳能依赖日照条件，如沙漠地区，故选C。其他选项与太阳能适用性无关。）6.Accordingtothetext,whatchallengedoeswindenergyface?A.HighinstallationcostsB.LowenergyoutputC.GeographicalrestrictionsD.Publicopposition（解析：文章提及风能受地形影响，如山区风力不稳定，故选C。其他选项A、B、D非风能的主要限制因素。）7.Theword"subsidies"inthepassageisbestdefinedas______.A.taxesB.penaltiesC.financialsupportD.technologicalinnovation（解析：第8课讨论政府为推广可再生能源提供资金支持，subsidies指政府补贴，故选C。其他选项与经济政策不符。）8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardnuclearenergyinthepassage?A.StronglysupportiveB.CautiouslyneutralC.PrimarilycriticalD.Indifferentlydismissive（解析：文章客观分析核能的利弊，如安全性与污染问题，故选B。其他选项过于极端。）9.Thephrase"aparadigmshift"inthethirdparagraphindicates______.A.aminortechnologicalimprovementB.aradicalchangeinapproachC.atemporarysetbackD.agradualdecline（解析：第8课强调可再生能源代表能源领域的革命性变革，paradigmshift指范式转换，故选B。）10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofenergy?A.Fossilfuelswilldominatefordecades.B.Renewableswillreplacealltraditionalsources.C.Amixedenergysystemisinevitable.D.Energydemandwilldecreasesignificantly.（解析：文章总结部分提出多种能源共存的可能性，故选C。其他选项过于绝对。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceof______inreducingcarbonfootprints.（参考答案：renewableenergysources）（解析：文章多次强调太阳能、风能等替代能源的作用，填空需概括核心概念。）2.Accordingtothetext,______isamajorconcernforwindenergyprojects.（参考答案：visualimpactonlandscapes）（解析：第8课提到风电场可能破坏自然景观，填空需具体描述该问题。）3.Theauthorusestheterm______todescribethebalancebetweenenergybenefitsandenvironmentalcosts.（参考答案：cost-benefitanalysis）（解析：文章分析能源选择时提及权衡利弊，填空需对应经济学概念。）4.______arefinancialincentivesprovidedbygovernmentstopromotegreentechnologies.（参考答案：Subsidies）（解析：第8课明确指出补贴政策对可再生能源发展的推动作用。）5.Thepassagesuggeststhat______regionsareidealforsolarpowerinstallations.（参考答案：sunnyandarid）（解析：文章以沙漠地区为例，填空需概括地理条件。）6.______referstothetransitionfromnon-renewabletosustainableenergysystems.（参考答案：Energytransition）（解析：第8课标题涉及“能源转型”，填空需对应术语。）7.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"impliesthat______.（参考答案：renewableenergyhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages）（解析：需概括比喻句的核心含义，即利弊并存。）8.Theauthormentionsthat______isakeyfactorinnuclearenergy'sviability.（参考答案：publicacceptance）（解析：文章讨论核能时强调社会接受度，填空需具体化。）9.______isameasureofhowefficientlyenergyisconvertedfromoneformtoanother.（参考答案：Energyefficiency）（解析：第8课对比新旧能源效率，填空需对应专业术语。）10.Thepassageimpliesthat______willplayacrucialroleinfutureenergypolicies.（参考答案：scientificresearch）（解析：文章结尾强调技术创新对能源发展的推动作用。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagesupportstheideathatfossilfuelsarecompletelyenvironmentallyharmless.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章明确指出化石燃料导致污染，与题干矛盾。）2.Accordingtothetext,solarenergyisthemostcost-effectivesolutionforallregions.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章指出太阳能依赖日照条件，并非普适性方案。）3.Theauthorbelievesthatnuclearenergyshouldbeabandonedduetosafetyrisks.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章客观分析核能风险，未提出完全否定。）4.Thephrase"aparadigmshift"suggestsaminortechnologicaladjustment.（参考答案：False）（解析：paradigmshift指根本性变革，与题干描述不符。）5.Thepassageindicatesthatwindenergyhasnogeographicallimitations.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章提及风能受地形影响，如山区风力不稳定。）6.Subsidiesareprimarilyusedtodiscouragerenewableenergydevelopment.（参考答案：False）（解析：补贴政策旨在推动绿色能源，与题干目的相反。）7.Theauthorsuggeststhatenergydemandwilldeclineinthenextdecade.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章未提及需求减少，仅讨论能源结构变化。）8.Thepassageimpliesthatallenergysourceswilleventuallybereplacedbyrenewables.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章主张混合能源系统，非完全替代。）9.Theterm"pivotal"inthepassagemeans"unimportant."（参考答案：False）（解析：pivotal意为“关键的”，与题干定义相反。）10.Theauthor'stonetowardenergytransitionispurelyoptimistic.（参考答案：False）（解析：文章辩证分析利弊，非盲目乐观。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainhowrenewableenergysourcescontributetoenvironmentalsustainability.（参考答案：Renewableenergyreducescarbonemissionsbyutilizingnaturalresourceslikesunlightandwind,whichareinexhaustible.Unlikefossilfuels,theyproduceminimalpollution,protectingecosystemsandmitigatingclimatechange.）（解析：需结合第8课关于碳排放、污染、资源再生性的论述，分点说明。）2.Describethemainchallengesfacedbywindenergyinurbanareas.（参考答案：Windenergyincitiesfacesobstaclessuchaslimitedspaceforturbines,noisepollution,andwindinterferencefrombuildings.Additionally,publicacceptancemaybelowerduetoaestheticconcerns.）（解析：需结合文章对风电场布局、社会影响的讨论，具体化问题。）3.Whatdoesthephrase"adouble-edgedsword"signifyinthecontextofrenewableenergy?（参考答案：Thephraseimpliesthatwhilerenewableenergyoffersbenefitslikereducingpollution,italsohasdrawbackssuchashighinitialcosts,geographicallimitations,andintermittencyissues.）（解析：需解释比喻句的利弊双重含义，结合文章相关段落。）4.Howdogovernmentsubsidiesinfluencetheadoptionofgreentechnologies?（参考答案：Subsidieslowerthefinancialburdenofrenewableenergyprojects,encouraginginvestment.Theyalsoacceleratemarketpenetrationbymakinggreentechnologiesmorecompetitiveagainsttraditionalsources.）（解析：需结合第8课关于经济激励政策的论述，说明作用机制。）5.Whyaresunnyandaridregionsparticularlysuitableforsolarpowerinstallations?（参考答案：Theseregionsreceivehighsolarirradiance,maximizingenergyoutput.Thelackofcloudcoverandminimalrainfallfurtherenhanceefficiency,makingthemidealforsolarfarms.）（解析：需结合文章对太阳能地理条件的分析，解释因果关系。）6.Whatistheconceptof"energytransition,"andwhyisitsignificant?（参考答案：Energytransitionreferstotheshiftfromnon-renewabletosustainableenergysystems.Itissignificantbecauseitaddressesclimatechange,ensuresenergysecurity,andpromoteseconomicgrowththroughgreenindustries.）（解析：需结合文章标题和核心论点，阐述概念及意义。）7.Howdoesthepassagebalancetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnuclearenergy?（参考答案：Thetextacknowledgesnuclearenergy'shighefficiencyandlowemissionsbutalsohighlightsriskssuchasradioactivewasteandpotentialaccidents.Thisbalancedviewreflectsthecomplexityofenergydecision-making.）（解析：需结合文章对核能的辩证分析，说明正反两方面。）8.Whatroledoesscientificresearchplayinthefutureofrenewableenergy?（参考答案：Researchimprovesenergystoragetechnologies,enhancesefficiency,anddevelopsnewmaterials.Innovationslikebetterbatteriesandsmartgridsarecrucialforovercomingcurrentlimitations.）（解析：需结合文章结尾关于技术发展的论述，说明作用。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:AcoastaltowninJiangsuProvinceplanstoinstallwindturbinestomeetitsenergyneeds.However,localresidentsopposetheprojectduetonoiseandvisualimpact.Howcanthetownbalanceenergygoalswithpublicconcerns?（参考答案：Thetowncouldconductpublicconsultationstoaddressfears,offercompensationforaffectedresidents,andimplementnoise-reductionmeasures.Additionally,phasedinstallationcouldminimizedisruptionwhiledemonstratingbenefits.）（解析：需结合第8课关于社会接受度、政策平衡的讨论，提出具体措施。）2.Scenario:AruralareainJiangsulackselectricityinfrastructurebuthasabundantsunlight.Whatrenewableenergysolutionwouldbemostsuitable,andwhy?（参考答案：Solarpanelsareidealduetotheregion'shighsolarpotentialandlackofgridaccess.Off-gridsystemscanprovidereliablepowerwhileavoidingcostlyinfrastructuredevelopment.）（解析：需结合文章对太阳能适用性的分析，说明匹配性。）3.Problem:AfactoryinJiangsuusesfossilfuelsbutwantstoreduceitscarbonfootprint.Whatstepscanittake,andwhatchallengesmightitface?（参考答案：Stepsincludeswitchingtosolarorwindpower,improvingenergyefficiency,andusingcarbonoffsets.Challengesincludehighinitialcostsandregulatoryhurdles.）（解析：需结合第8课关于能源转型、成本问题的讨论，分析可行性。）4.Analysis:ComparetheenvironmentalimpactsofsolarenergyandhydroelectricpowerinJiangsu.（参考答案：Solarenergyhaslowerwaterusagebutmaycauselanddegradation.Hydroelectricpowerreducesemissionsbutdisruptsaquaticecosystems.Thechoicedependsonregionalenvironmentalpriorities.）（解析：需结合文章对不同能源的优缺点对比，说明差异。）5.Debate:ShouldJiangsuprioritizesubsidiesforwindenergyorsolarenergy?Provideargumentsforbothsides.（参考答案：Windenergysupportersargueithashigherenergydensity,whilesolaradvocateshighlightitsscalability.Subsidiesshouldalignwithregionalresourceavailabilityandenergygoals.）（解析：需结合第8课关于政策选择的讨论，提出辩证观点。）6.Prediction:IfJiangsudoublesitsrenewableenergycapacityby2030,whatpotentialbenefitscoulditexperience?（参考答案：Benefitsincludereducedairpollution,jobcreationingreenindustries,andenergyindependence.Thesechangeswouldalsoimprovepublichealthandeconomicresilience.）（解析：需结合文章对能源转型社会经济效益的论述，展开想象。）7.Solution:AJiangsucityfacesenergyshortagesduringpeakhoursdespitehavingsolarfarms.Whattechnologicalsolutionscouldaddressthis?（参考答案：Smartgridscanoptimizedistribution,whileenergystoragesystemslikebatteriescanstoreexcesspowerforlateruse.Demand-responseprogramscouldalsoreducepeakdemand.）（解析：需结合第8课关于智能电网、储能技术的讨论，提出对策。）8.PolicyProposal:SuggestagovernmentpolicytoencouragebusinessesinJiangsutoadoptrenewableenergy.（参考答案：Ataxcreditsystemforgreeninvestmentscouldincentivi