2025-2026年江苏省部编版高二英语第5单元同步练习题

2025-2026年江苏省部编版高二英语第5单元同步练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit5,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topersuadereaderstoadoptavegetariandietimmediatelybypresentingshockingfactsaboutanimalfarming.B.Toinformreadersabouttheenvironmentalandethicalissuesassociatedwithmeatproduction,encouragingthemtothinkcriticallyabouttheirdietarychoices.C.Tocomparethenutritionalvaluesofmeatandvegetables,arguingthatmeatisalwayshealthier.D.Toentertainreaderswithhumorousanecdotesaboutpeoplewhotriedtoquiteatingmeat.解析：正确答案为B。文章主要探讨了肉类生产对环境和道德的影响，并引导读者反思自己的饮食选择。选项A过于极端，文章并未直接呼吁立即素食；选项C偏离主题，文章未进行营养对比；选项D与文章严肃的讨论基调不符。文章强调的是信息呈现和理性思考，而非娱乐或极端主张。2.Inthereadingpassage,theauthormentionsastudyshowingthat"reducingmeatconsumptionbyjust10%couldsignificantlylowergreenhousegasemissions."Whatdoesthissentencemostlikelyachieveinthetext?A.Itprovidesaspecificexampletosupportthegeneralclaimaboutenvironmentalimpact.B.Itdismissestheideathatindividualactionscanmakeadifference.C.Itsuggeststhatpeopleshouldfocusonlyonreducingmeat,nototherenvironmentalissues.D.Itcriticizesthemethodologyofthestudymentioned.解析：正确答案为A。该句通过具体数据（10%的减产可显著降低排放）增强论点的说服力，属于典型的例证论证手法。选项B与文章鼓励行动的基调矛盾；选项C将单一措施绝对化，文章未提“唯一性”；选项D无依据，文章未质疑研究方法。3.Theword"sustainable"inthetextisclosestinmeaningto:A."Economicallyprofitable"B."Environmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible"C."Quicklygrowing"D."Technologicallyadvanced"解析：正确答案为B。根据单元词汇学习，"sustainable"强调长期平衡发展，涵盖环境与社会的双重标准。选项A仅关注经济，片面；选项C与可持续性无关；选项D偏向技术，与定义不符。文章语境中常与"eco-friendly"并列使用。4.Whentheauthorasks,"Haveyoueverconsideredthehiddencostsofyourplate?"whatrhetoricaleffectdoesthisquestionhave?A.Itdirectlyordersreaderstochangetheireatinghabits.B.Itencouragesreaderstoreflectonthebroaderimplicationsoftheirfoodchoices.C.Itmocksthosewhoeatmeatforbeingignorant.D.Itsuggeststhatonlyscientistscanunderstandfood-relatedissues.解析：正确答案为B。设问句旨在引发读者思考，属于典型的启发式修辞。选项A语气过于强硬，文章倡导渐进式改变；选项C带有攻击性，与文章包容性不符；选项D将问题专业化，而文章面向大众。5.Thephrase"arippleeffect"inthepassagerefersto:A.Theimmediatetastechangewhentryinganewfood.B.Thechainreactionofenvironmentalandsocialconsequencescausedbymeatproduction.C.Thewayasmallpondreflectslight.D.Thepopularityofvegetarianrestaurantsinurbanareas.解析：正确答案为B。"Rippleeffect"比喻影响逐步扩散，文章中指畜牧业对气候、水资源、土地等连锁影响。选项A仅描述感官体验；选项C与语境无关；选项D是具体现象，未体现系统性。6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardfactoryfarmingasdescribedinthetext?A.Indifferent,aslongasmeatisaffordable.B.Supportive,becauseitincreasesfoodsupplyefficiency.C.Critical,highlightingitsnegativeimpactsonanimalsandtheenvironment.D.Neutral,simplypresentingfactswithoutjudgment.解析：正确答案为C。文章多次使用贬义词汇（如"confinement,""exploitation"）描述工厂化养殖，并引用数据对比其危害。选项A与文章揭露问题矛盾；选项B片面强调效率，忽略代价；选项D与文中明确的价值判断不符。7.Thepassagementions"culturaltraditions"asareasonwhypeopleeatmeat.Whatdoesthissuggestabouttheissue?A.Culturalidentityismoreimportantthanenvironmentalconcerns.B.Foodchoicesareinfluencedbybothpersonalbeliefsandsocietalnorms.C.Meatconsumptionisillegalinculturesthatvaluetradition.D.Vegetarianismisasignofmodernity,whilemeateatingisoutdated.解析：正确答案为B。文章承认文化因素（如节日习俗）影响饮食，但未将其作为逃避责任的借口，暗示需在传统与可持续性间寻求平衡。选项A绝对化，文章强调多元视角；选项C与事实不符；选项D将饮食与时代标签化，与文章包容性冲突。8.Howdoesthetextstructureitsargumentaboutmeatproduction?A.Itstartswithapersonalanecdote,thenmovestostatistics,andendswithacalltoaction.B.Itpresentsonlyopinionswithoutsupportingevidence.C.Italternatesbetweendescribingproblemsandofferingsolutions.D.Itfocusessolelyontheeconomicbenefitsofmeatfarming.解析：正确答案为A。文章典型结构为：个人观察（如"myplate"引子）→数据支撑（如排放量、水资源消耗）→呼吁反思（"Whatcanyoudo?"）。选项B违背非虚构写作规范；选项C未体现数据论证；选项D忽略环境和社会维度。9.Thesentence"Everybitehasastory"mostlikelyservesto:A.Describethetasteofdifferentcuisines.B.Emphasizetheinterconnectednessoffoodproductionandglobalissues.C.Encouragereaderstowritecookbooks.D.Comparethepricesofmeatandvegetables.解析：正确答案为B。比喻句将食物与系统性问题关联，暗示消费行为非孤立，需承担相应责任。选项A偏离比喻本意；选项C与语境无关；选项D是具体细节，未体现深层含义。10.Whatisthemostlikelyconclusionofthepassage?A.Meatproductionwillalwaysbenecessaryforhumansurvival.B.Ifpeoplereducemeatconsumption,theworldwillsolveallitsproblems.C.Sustainablefoodchoicesrequireawarenessandpersonalresponsibility.D.Vegetarianismistheonlyethicaldiet.解析：正确答案为C。文章结尾强调"consciouschoices"（有意识的决策），暗示解决方案在于个体行动，而非极端化主张。选项A与可持续性理念矛盾；选项B过于绝对；选项D忽略文化多样性。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassageusestheterm_______todescribethelong-termenvironmentaldamagecausedbymeatfarming.参考答案：ecologicalfootprint解析：根据单元词汇，"footprint"常与"environmental"搭配，文章中指资源消耗与污染的累积效应。2.Accordingtothetext,oneofthemajorethicalconcernsaboutfactoryfarmingisthe_______ofanimalsinconfinedspaces.参考答案：suffering解析：文章提到"intensivefarming"（密集养殖）与"stress"（压力）相关，暗示动物福利问题。3.Theauthorsuggeststhatreducingmeatconsumptioncan_______greenhousegasemissions,asshowninthecitedstudy.参考答案：mitigate解析：动词"mitigate"（减轻）符合文章对减排作用的描述，区别于"reduce"（直接减少）。4.Akeyargumentinthepassageisthatmeatproductionhasasignificantimpacton_______resources.参考答案：freshwater解析：文章对比畜牧业与农业的水资源消耗，"freshwater"是核心概念。5.Thephrase"aworldofchoices"impliesthatindividualshavethepowerto_______theirfoodhabits.参考答案：modify解析：文章鼓励"makinginformeddecisions"（明智决策），"modify"（调整）体现主动性。6.Thetextmentionsthatsomeculturesviewmeatasa_______symbol,linkingittocelebrationsorstatus.参考答案：cultural解析：文章提及"foodtraditions"（饮食传统）与"rituals"（仪式）相关，"cultural"强调其象征意义。7.Theauthor'squestion,"What'sonyourplate?"servesto_______readersabouttheoriginsoftheirfood.参考答案：prompt解析：设问句旨在引发认知觉醒，"prompt"（促使）符合文章的引导性。8.Theconceptof"sustainableagriculture"iscontrastedwiththepracticesof_______farming.参考答案：unsustainable解析：文章通过对比"eco-friendly"（环保）与"conventional"（传统）隐含了对不可持续模式的批判。9.Thepassageusestheexampleofa"10%reduction"toillustratethe_______ofindividualactions.参考答案：potential解析：数据论证强调微小改变也能产生效果，"potential"（潜力）体现量变到质变的可能。10.Theauthorconcludesbyencouragingreadersto_______theirconsumptionhabitsasawaytocontributetoglobalsustainability.参考答案：assess解析：动词"assess"（评估）符合文章对自我行为的反思要求，区别于"change"（改变）。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassageexplicitlystatesthatvegetarianismistheonlyhealthydiet.参考答案：False解析：文章未做绝对化论断，仅建议减少而非禁止肉类，尊重个体差异。2.Factoryfarmingispresentedasasolutiontoglobalfoodshortagesinthetext.参考答案：False解析：文章批判工厂化养殖的环境代价，未认可其积极作用。3.Theauthorbelievesthatculturaltraditionsshouldcompletelyoverrideenvironmentalconcerns.参考答案：False解析：文章主张平衡传统与可持续性，而非单方面妥协。4.Thephrase"hiddencosts"referstothefinancialexpensesofbuyingorganicfood.参考答案：False解析：隐含成本指环境、道德代价，非直接购物成本。5.Thepassageincludesapersonalanecdoteabouttheauthor'sownmeat-reductionjourney.参考答案：True解析：文章以"myplate"为切入点，属于典型的第一人称叙事。6.ThestudymentionedinthetextwasconductedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.参考答案：False解析：文章未注明研究机构，仅引用数据，可能来自学术期刊或环保组织。7.Theauthorsuggeststhatonlydevelopedcountriesshouldfocusonsustainableeating.参考答案：False解析：文章强调全球性责任，未区分国家发展阶段。8.Thepassagearguesthatmeatproductionismoreefficientthanplantfarmingintermsoflanduse.参考答案：False解析：文章对比数据表明畜牧业资源消耗更高，效率更低。9.Theauthorconcludesbyofferingspecificrecipesforvegetarianmeals.参考答案：False解析：文章结尾是行动呼吁，未涉及烹饪指导。10.Thetextsuggeststhatreducingmeatconsumptionwillsolveallclimatechangeproblems.参考答案：False解析：文章承认减排作用，但未将其视为万能解药，强调系统性解决方案。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainhowthepassageusesstatisticstosupportitsargumentaboutenvironmentalimpact.参考答案：文章通过具体数据（如"10%meatreductioncutsemissionsbyX%"）增强说服力，对比畜牧业与农业的资源消耗（水、土地、温室气体排放），量化危害程度。数据来源（隐含或明确）为权威研究，使论点更具可信度。2.Describetheauthor'sapproachtoaddressingculturaltraditionsthatinvolvemeatconsumption.参考答案：作者承认文化因素（如节日习俗）的合理性，但强调可持续性需优先考虑。建议在尊重传统的同时，探索替代方案（如植物基肉类），而非完全排斥饮食多样性。3.Whatistherhetoricaleffectofusingthephrase"Everybitehasastory"?参考答案：该比喻将抽象的生态问题具象化，暗示消费行为与全球系统关联。读者通过联想个人餐桌与遥远农场，更易产生情感共鸣，从而接受文章的道德诉求。4.Howdoesthepassagebalancenegativeinformationaboutmeatproductionwithacalltoaction?参考答案：文章先揭露问题（工厂化养殖、资源消耗），再提供解决方案（减少消费、选择可持续来源）。通过"youcanmakeadifference"等语句，避免绝望感，激发读者责任感。5.Thetextmentions"arippleeffect."Whatdoesthistermmeaninthecontextoffoodproduction?参考答案：比喻畜牧业影响如涟漪扩散：直接危害（动物福利）→间接危害（气候变化、水资源污染）→社会影响（健康问题、经济负担）。强调单一环节的破坏会引发连锁反应。6.Explainthedifferencebetween"sustainable"and"unsustainable"farmingasimpliedinthepassage.参考答案：可持续农业（sustainable）注重资源循环利用、生态平衡，如有机农业；不可持续农业（unsustainable）过度消耗资源、破坏环境，如传统工厂化养殖。文章通过对比凸显后者的问题。7.Theauthorasks,"Haveyoueverconsideredthehiddencostsofyourplate?"Whatdoesthisquestionachieve?参考答案：设问句引发读者自我审视，将抽象的生态问题转化为个人行为关联。通过"plate"（餐盘）这一日常意象，降低认知门槛，促使读者思考消费选择的社会意义。8.Howdoesthepassageuseevidencetopersuadereadersabouttheethicalconcernsofmeatproduction?参考答案：文章引用动物福利组织报告、科学家研究数据，描述密集养殖中的虐待行为（如"confinement"）。通过具体案例（如动物应激反应）和权威引用，强化道德批判力度。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Imagineyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(50words)explaininghowyouwouldreduceyourmeatconsumptionbasedonthepassage'sideas.参考答案：我会减少每周吃肉的次数，优先选择植物基替代品（如豆制品），并参与校园环保活动宣传可持续饮食。通过逐步改变，既能减少环境影响，也能探索更多健康食谱。2.Thepassagementions"culturaltraditions"asabarriertosustainableeating.Howcouldacommunityaddressthisissue?参考答案：社区可举办工作坊介绍植物性节日食谱，联合厨师开发传统菜系的素食版本。政府补贴可持续食材，学校开展教育课程。通过多方合作，将传统与现代饮食理念融合。3.Describeareal-worldexampleofa"rippleeffect"causedbymeatproduction.参考答案：巴西为扩大牧场砍伐亚马逊雨林，导致生物多样性丧失、气候变暖。畜牧业扩张引发的水资源争夺加剧了干旱地区的冲突，影响全球粮食安全，体现系统性连锁反应。4.Ifyouwerewritingafollow-uparticle,whatadditionalevidencewouldyouincludetosupportthepassage'sargument?参考答案：可补充营养学对比（植物蛋白与肉类差异）、消费者调查数据（对可持续食品的接受度）、成功案例（如欧洲素食餐厅增长）。增加数据维度，使论证更全面。5.Thepassagesuggeststhatindividualactionsmatter.Howcouldaschoolimplementpoliciestoencouragesustainableeating?参考答案：设立"无肉日"活动，提供植物基午餐选择，与农场合作开展农场到餐桌课程。通过政策引导（如减少食堂肉类供应），结合教育宣传，培养学生责任意识。6.Explainhowtheconceptof"hiddencosts"appliestofastfashion,anotherindustrialsystemwithenvironmentalimpacts.参考答案：快时尚行业类似畜牧业：廉价服装背后是污染（印染废水）、资源消耗（棉花种植）、劳工剥削。消费者购买时未计算这些代价，导致过度消费和废弃物堆积，形成系统性问题。