05-专题5 非谓语动词

专题5

非谓语动词01高考感知02考点突破03分层训练高考感知1.[2024全国新课标Ⅰ]

The

design

features

ten

steel

“sepals

（萼片）”

made

of

glass

and

aluminium

（铝）.

These

sepals

open

on

warm

days

________

（give）

the

inside

plants

sunshine

and

fresh

air.to

give2.[2023全国甲·改编]

“There

was

once

a

town

in

the

heart

of

America

where

all

life

seemed

to

enjoy

peaceful

co-existence

with

its

surroundings,”

her

fable

begins,

__________

（borrow）

some

familiar

words

from

many

age-old

fables.borrowing3.[2023全国乙·改编]

______________

（visit）

several

times

over

the

last

10

years,

I

was

amazed

by

the

co-existence

of

old

and

new,

and

how

a

city

was

able

to

keep

such

a

rich

heritage

（遗产）

while

constantly

growing.Having

visited4.[2025全国二卷]

Growing

up,

my

family

and

our

neighbors

never

used

clotheslines

to

dry

clothing,

denying

me

the

chance

___________

（discover）

one

of

the

great

wonders

of

sunshine—the

sweet

“sunshine

scent”

after

sunning

clothes

for

an

entire

day.to

discover5.[2025全国二卷]

If

you’ve

never

experienced

the

“sunshine

scent”

from

a

sheet

or

shirt

____

（leave）

to

sun

for

a

day,

well,

you’re

missing

out

on

one

of

life’s

wonders.left6.[2023全国新课标Ⅱ]

They

talk

to

the

flood

of

international

tourists

and

to________

（visit）

Chinese

zookeepers

who

often

come

to

check

on

the

pandas,

which

are

on

loan

from

China.visiting7.[2022全国甲]

A

visually-challenged

man

from

Beijing

recently

hiked

（徒步）

40

days

to

Xi’an,

as

a

first

step

__________

（journey）

the

Belt

and

Road

route

（路线）

by

foot.to

journey8.[2025全国一卷]

“We

hope

__________

（present）the

rather

abstract

Go

game

and

AI

in

a

visual

context,

and

initiate

dialogues

with

minimalist

art,

conceptual

art

and

expressionism.”to

present9.[2023全国乙]

As

a

photographer,

I

have

spent

the

last

two

years_________

（record）

everything

I

discovered.10.[2021全国甲]

It

is

possible________（walk）

or

bike

the

entire

14

kilometers.recordingto

walk11.[2021全国乙]

It

is

different

from

traditional

tourism

because

it

allows

the

traveler

to

become

_________（educate）

about

the

areas—both

in

terms

of

geographical

conditions

and

cultural

characteristics…educated12.[2023全国新课标Ⅰ·改编]

Nanxiang

aside,

the

best

xiao

long

bao

have

a

fine

skin,

allowing

them

___________

（lift）

out

of

the

steamer

basket

without

tearing

or

spilling

any

of

their

contents.to

be

lifted13.[2023全国新课标Ⅰ·改编]

No

matter

where

I

buy

them,

though,

one

steamer

basket

is

rarely

enough,

yet

two

seems

greedy,

and

so

I

am

always

left

________

（want）

more

next

time.wanting14.[2020全国Ⅱ]

They

make

great

gifts

and

you

see

them

many

times

_________

（decorate）

with

red

envelopes

and

messages

of

good

fortune.decorated15.[2023全国新课标Ⅰ·改编]

To

eat

one,

you

have

to

decide

whether_______

（bite）

a

small

hole

in

it

first,

releasing

the

steam

and

risking

a

spill

（溢出）,

or

to

put

the

whole

dumpling

in

your

mouth,

letting

the

hot

soup

explode

on

your

tongue

（舌头）.to

bite

作状语（5年13考）：不定式作目的状语和现在分词作伴随状语是考查的热点；除此之外，非谓语动词的完成式也是需要掌握的语法点，尤其是现在分词的完成式（having

done

&

having

been

done）作状语,表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

作定语（5年12考）：①分词作定语，根据其与所修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系还是被动关系来判断应该使用现在分词还是过去分词；②抽象名词（chance,

way，

time等）后常用不定式作后置定语；③当名词（短语）被序数词、最高级、the

last、the

only等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。#16.1

作主语、宾语和表语（5年8考）：①动名词位于句首作主语；②it作形式主语/宾语，真正的主语/宾语是动名词或不定式；③有些动词（agree，ask，decide等）后只能接不定式作宾语，有些动词（avoid，

admit，

finish等）后只能接动名词作宾语，但介词后只能接动名词作宾语；④注意形容词化的分词作表语，如2021年全国乙卷考査的

educated。#16.2

作补语（5年3考）：①有些动词（allow，

encourage，

force等）后接不定式作补语；②使役动词

have，

keep，

leave，

get，

set

等的宾语后常接动词-ing形式,表示宾语处于某种状态或一直在做某事；③感官动词（词组）see，

watch，

hear，

smell，

feel,

notice，

observe,

look

at，

listen

to等的宾语后接动词-ing形式,补充说明宾语正在进行某个动作，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系；如果两者是逻辑上的被动关系，则用动词-ed形式。#16.3

【注意】“疑问词+to

do”结构相当于一个名词（短语）,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。其中，疑问词可以是疑问代词（what,

who,

which等）,也可以是疑问副词（when,

where等）。#16.4一判：判断设空处为非谓语方法1

设空处所在句为简单句且句中已有谓语动词方法2

设空处所在句为并列句或复合句且各分句或主从句中都有谓语动词方法3

设空处与其他非谓语动词被并列连词（如and，or，but等）连接二定：确定非谓语的形式1.“将要……”用to

do，“将要被……”用to

be

done“正在……”用doing，“正在被……”用being

done“已经被……”用done【注意】若强调提示动词的动作先于谓语动词的动作，表示“已经……”用having

done，表示“已经被……”用having

been

done2.主语和提示词之间为逻辑上的主动关系用doing，被动关系用done3.表示目的多用to

do/to

be

done4.it常作形式主语，to

do/doing为真正的主语考点突破考点突破考点22

非谓语动词的形式及意义考点23

非谓语动词作状语的用法考点24

非谓语动词作定语的用法考点25

非谓语动词作宾语、主语和表语的用法考点26

非谓语动词作补足语的用法非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意

义不定式一般式to

doto

be

done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生进行式to

be

doing—不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to

have

doneto

have

been

done不定式的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意

义现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing

done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having

donehaving

been

done其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done——与句中主语/被修饰词为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成续表●Volunteering

gives

you

a

chance

to

change

lives,

including

your

own.志愿服务给你一个机会去改变生活，包括（改变）你自己的（生活）。●They

seemed

to

be

talking

about

something

important.他们似乎在谈论重要的事情。●Charles

Babbage

is

generally

considered

to

have

invented

the

first

computer.人们一般认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。●No

harm

seems

to

have

been

done.似乎并没有造成伤害。●Do

you

mind

being

interrupted

while

studying?你介意在学习时被打扰吗？●Given

enough

time,

we

are

sure

to

do

it

well.如果被给予足够的时间，我们一定能把它做好。●He

went

out

shutting

the

door

behind

him.他出去了，同时关上了身后的门。●Having

finished

the

work,

he

went

to

bed.完成工作后，他上床睡觉了。●Having

been

introduced

in

the

eleventh

century,

the

astrolabe

had

long

been

the

primary

instrument

for

navigation.自在11世纪被引入以来，星盘很长时间都曾是航海的主要工具。●I

not

only

have

to

have

classes

regularly,

but

also

have

a

lot

of

things

to

do.我不仅得经常去上课，而且还有很多事情要去做。#1.101.不定式作状语Point

1

作目的状语，表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in

order或so

as，但so

as

to不能置于句首。●To

increase

community

engagement,

some

schools

have

launched

compulsory

community

service

programmes.为了提高社区参与度，一些学校已经发起了义务社区服务计划。●The

bus

stopped

so

as

to/in

order

to

pick

up

passengers.公共汽车停下来搭载乘客。Point

2

作结果状语。（1）不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。●Tom

took

a

taxi

to

the

airport,

only

to

find

his

plane

high

up

in

the

sky.汤姆乘坐一辆出租车到机场，结果却发现他（要乘坐）的飞机已飞上高空。（2）不定式作结果状语时还常用于so/such…

as

to…

（如此……以至于……）,

enough

to

do…

（足够做……）,

too…

to

do…

（太……而不能做……）等结构中。●She

is

such

a

good

teacher

as

to

be

respected

by

all

her

students.她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。●After

you

have

revised

your

draft

until

it

is

too

messy

to

work

from

anymore,

you

can

enter

your

changes

into

your

word

processor.当你的草稿已经被你改到乱得无法修改时，你可以把你修改的部分输入到文字处理器中。●He

is

old

enough

to

go

to

school.他到上学的年龄了。#1.2.2.3Point

3

作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪的形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因，常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry,

surprised,

excited,

glad,

happy,

anxious,

delighted,

pleased,disappointed,

foolish等。●Maggie

was

glad

to

be

home

in

her

own

bed.玛吉回到家躺在她自己的床上，觉得非常高兴。Point

4

动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词后，构成“主语+系动词+形容词+to

do”结构。这类形容词如：easy,

difficult,

hard,

fit,expensive,

comfortable,

heavy,

good,

important,

impossible,

dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质。不定式在形容词后作状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的被动关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。●The

book

is

very

hard

to

understand.这本书很难理解。【特别注意】在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。●The

picture

is

pleasant

to

look

at.这张画很好看。2.分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，或含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，或含有完成的意义。#2.1分词作状语用

法作时间状语相当于when,

while,

before等引导的时间状语从句。作原因状语相当于because,

since,

as等引导的原因状语从句。作条件状语相当于if,

unless等引导的条件状语从句。作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。分词作状语用

法作方式状语用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by

doing

sth的结构。作伴随状语表示的动作伴随句子谓语的动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作为伴随性的次要动作。作让步状语相当于though,

although,

even

if等引导的让步状语从句。续表●Translated

into

English,

the

sentence

was

found

to

have

an

entirely

different

word

order.这个句子被译成英语后，我们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。（作时间状语）●More

highways

have

been

built

in

China,

making

it

much

easier

for

people

to

travel

from

one

place

to

another.中国已经建成了更多的公路，这使人们的跨区域出行变得更容易。（作结果状语）●On

the

last

day

of

our

week-long

stay，

we

were

invited

to

attend

a

private

concert,

listening

to

musicians

and

meeting

interesting

locals.在我们为期一周的住宿的最后一天，我们应邀参加了一场私人音乐会，聆听音乐家的演奏，并与有趣的当地人见面。

（作伴随状语）#2.1.1.33.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作“独立成分”。常见的有：独立成分含

义frankly/honestly

speaking坦白说/老实说taking…

into

consideration/account考虑到……to

tell

（you）

the

truth说实话compared

to/with…与……相比●Taking

the

high

quality

into

consideration,

our

price

is

very

reasonable.鉴于（产品的）高质量，我们的价格非常合理。4.独立主格结构作状语“独立主格结构”又称“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词短语和无动词短语。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与句子主体不发生关系。独立主格结构可置于句前、句末或句中，常由逗号将其与句子主体分开；独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。Point

1

名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式（1）名词/代词+现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主动关系。●The

girl

staring

at

him

（=As

the

girl

stared

at

him）,

he

didn’t

know

what

to

say.那个女孩盯着他，他不知道说什么好。（2）名词/代词+过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。●The

problems

solved

（=As

the

problems

were

solved）,

the

quality

of

the

products

has

improved

a

lot.随着问题的解决，产品质量已经提高了许多。（3）名词/代词+不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且不定式表示将要发生的动作。●He

is

going

to

make

a

plane

model,

some

old

parts

to

help

（=and

some

old

parts

will

help）.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。Point

2

“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构在句中常作伴随状语或原因状语。（1）“with/without+名词/代词+现在分词”中的现在分词表主动、进行，或表特征。●The

old

couple

often

take

a

walk

after

supper

in

the

park

with

their

pet

dog

following

them.这对老夫妇晚饭后经常在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。（2）“with/without+名词/代词+过去分词”中的过去分词表被动、完成，或表状态。●It

was

a

pity

that

the

great

writer

died

with

his

works

unfinished.真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，他的作品尚未完成。（3）“with/without+名词/代词+动词不定式”中的不定式表将来。●With

you

to

lead,

our

group

is

sure

to

succeed.有你领导，我们组一定能成功。【知识拓展】“with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”中的形容词等表宾语的性质或状态。●With

everything

ready,

Bernard

started

out

on

his

new

business.一切准备就绪后，伯纳德开始了他的新生意。1.不定式作定语Point

1

不定式作定语表示将来的动作。●The

question

to

be

discussed

at

the

meeting

is

very

important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。Point

2

不定式与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系或被动关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。●I

need

a

pen

to

write

with.我需要一支钢笔来写字。【特别注意】如果被不定式所修饰的名词为place,

time,

way等，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。●It

took

us

ages

to

find

a

place

to

live

（in）.我们花了好长时间才找到一个住处。Point

3

当被修饰词为the

first,

the

best或被修饰词（短语）被序数词、最高级、the

only、

the

last等修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语。●Jack

was

the

best

man

to

do

the

job.杰克是做这项工作的最佳人选。Point

4

有些抽象名词常用不定式作定语。

常见的该类名词有：ability,

chance,

opportunity,

plan,

idea,

hope,

wish,

fact,

excuse,

promise,

attempt,

way等。●An

easy

way

to

bring

all

work

generations

together

is

with

a

chat

platform.将所有年龄段的工作人员联系起来的一个简单方式是使用聊天平台。Point

5

不定式可以修饰there

be结构中作主语的名词。●There

is

nothing

to

worry

about.没有什么可担心的。2.分词作定语分词作定语往往具有形容词的性质。单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词前;分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后。现在分词表示动作正在进行或是主动的,过去分词表示动作已完成或是被动的。●Are

there

any

living

things

on

the

moon?月球上有生物吗?●We

must

keep

a

secret

of

the

things

being

discussed

here.对于这里正在被讨论的事情,

我们必须保密。#1.1.2【特别注意】（1）现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。●The

girl

who

has

won

the

race

is

my

deskmate.赢了这场比赛的女孩是我的同桌。（2）不及物动词的过去分词一般作前置定语,不表示被动，只强调动作已完成。●fallen

leaves

落叶●a

retired

teacher

一位退休教师（3）修饰由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one构成的复合不定代词或those时，分词要放在被修饰词后。●Is

there

anything

unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗?（4）分词可与副词、形容词、名词构成复合形容词，放在被修饰的名词前作前置定语。●The

newly-built

stadium

was

destroyed

in

the

fire.新建的体育场在大火中被毁坏了。续表3.动名词作定语动名词作定语时常置于被修饰词之前，用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的。●a

walking

stick

拐杖●a

reading

room

阅览室●a

sleeping

car

卧铺车#2.1.3【知识拓展】现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：（1）现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词与动作，二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系。动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，二者之间不存在逻辑上的主动关系。（2）动名词作定语只能置于被修饰词的前面，而现在分词作定语有时可前置，有时可后置，尤其是现在分词短语作定语时要后置。●a

swimming

boy=a

boy

who

is

swimming

一个正在游泳的男孩（现在分词作定语）●a

swimming

pool=a

pool

for

swimming

一个游泳池（动名词作定语）续表1.非谓语动词作宾语Point

1

表示下列含义的动词一般接不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：#3.1决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求排一排。

即decide/determine,

learn,

want,

expect/hope;

refuse,

manage,

wish,

pretend;

offer,

promise,

choose,

plan;

agree,

ask/beg,

arrange等后一般只接不定式作宾语。#3.1.2

Point

2

表示下列含义的动词或动词短语后一般接动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：#3.2考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟还想要。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。即consider,

suggest/advise,

look

forward

to,

excuse/pardon;

admit,

delay/put

off,

fancy

（想要）;

avoid,

miss,

keep/keep

on,

practise;

deny,

finish,

enjoy/appreciate;

forbid,

imagine,

risk;

can’t

help

（禁不住）,

mind,

allow/permit,

escape等后一般只接动名词作宾语。此外，

be

used/accustomed

to

（习惯于）,

devote

to,

go

back

to,

stick

to,

object

to,

get

down

to,

pay

attention

to,

can’t

stand

（忍受）,

give

up,

feel

like,

insist

on,

thank

you

for,

apologise

for,

be

busy

（in）,

have

difficulty/trouble

（in）等动词短语后也要用动名词作宾语。●The

hospital

forbids

smoking

in

public

buildings.医院禁止在公共楼宇吸烟。#3.2.4Point

3

有些动词或动词短语既可接动词不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。#3.3regret

to

do

sth

很遗憾要做某事regret

doing

sth

后悔做过某事forget

to

do

sth

忘记要去做某事forget

doing

sth

忘记已做某事remember

to

do

sth

记得要做某事remember

doing

sth

记得做过某事mean

to

do

sth

打算做某事mean

doing

sth

意味着做某事try

to

do

sth

努力/企图做某事try

doing

sth

试着做某事can’t

help

（to）

do

sth

不能帮助做某事can’t

help

doing

sth

情不自禁地做某事●I

remembered

to

lock

the

door

before

I

left

the

office,

but

forgot

to

turn

off

the

lights.我记得离开办公室之前要锁门，但忘了要关灯。●I

remember

meeting

her

at

a

party

once.我记得曾在一次聚会上见过她。#3.3.20Point

4

动词like,

love,

prefer,

hate等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但当宾语表示经常性的动作时要用动名词，表示具体的行为时要用不定式。●I

like

swimming,

but

I

don’t

like

to

swim

this

afternoon.我喜欢游泳，但我今天下午不想游泳。2.非谓语动词作主语Point

1

不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式结构）放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。●To

climb

the

mountain

is

hard

work

but

to

go

down

the

mountain

is

great

fun.上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。●These

days,

it

is

not

unusual

for

10-

to

12-year-olds

to

publish

their

own

websites

or

for

second

and

third

graders

to

begin

computer

classes.如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这并不少见。#1.1.2Point

2

动名词作主语常表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念；也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语（动名词结构）后置。常用于固定句型It

is

a

waste

of

time

doing…；It

is

no

use/good

doing…；It

is

useless/nice/worthwhile/…

doing…；

There

is

no

doing…

等中。●Using

emojis

can

add

humour

and

feeling,

keeping

intention

clear

in

written

communications.书面交流时使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持意图明确。●It

is

no

use

complaining

without

taking

action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。●There

is

no

joking

about

such

serious

matters.这样严肃的事开不得玩笑。#1.2.3.13.非谓语动词作表语Point

1

不定式作表语常用来表示将要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当作表语的不定式仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只起到作表语成分的作用，而不具有对未来的假设含义。●The

solution,

of

course,

was

to

plant

trees

so

the

animals

could

seek

shelter

during

the

daytime.当然，解决办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。●My

job

is

to

clean

the

rooms

every

day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。Point

2

动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为。●Our

job

is

playing

all

kinds

of

music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。Point

3

get,

become,

look,

seem,

appear等系动词后可跟分词作表语，这些分词大多数已经形容词化，且多与心理状态有关。过去分词表示被动或主语的状态，现在分词表主动或主语具有的特征。●This

quotation

from

Winston

Churchill

tells

us

that

we

shouldn’t

get

discouraged

right

after

failures.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败过后我们不应该气馁。#1.3.11.不定式作补足语Point

1

有些动词或动词短语后接不定式作宾语补足语，即构成“动词/动词短语+宾语+

to

do”结构。常见的这类动词（短语）有：#2.1advise

建议

forbid

禁止

force

强迫want

想要

cause

导致

encourage

鼓励permit

准许

allow

允许

beg

恳求tell

告诉

order

命令；要求

persuade

说服warn

警告

require

需要；要求teach

教

remind

提醒

invite

邀请intend

打算

prefer

更喜欢

wish

希望；想要ask

要求

wait

for

等待

depend

on

依靠call

on

号召；要求●I

encourage

readers

to

go

to

their

local

library

when

they

can’t

afford

to

purchase

a

book.当读者买不起一本书的时候，我鼓励他们去当地的图书馆。#2.1.2Point

2

下列句型中常用不定式作主语补足语，即“主语+be

said/believed/reported/considered/known/thought+to

do/to

have

done/to

be

done/to

be

doing/to

have

been

done”句型。●He

is

said

to

have

been

cheated

in

the

street.据说，他在大街上被骗了。●The

accident

is

reported

to

have

killed

two

people.据报道，这场事故中有两人丧生。#2.2.22.分词作补足语Point

1

现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。●They

use

computers

to

keep

the

traffic

running

smoothly.他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻。Point

2

过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成，宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。●Alexander

tried

to

get

his

work

recognised

in

the

medical

circles.亚历山大努力使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。【知识拓展】在考试中，常见到被动形式“主语+be

done+to

do/doing…”。此时，原来作宾补的不定式或现在分词等变为主语补足语。因此，在熟练掌握主动语态结构的情况下，更要注意被动语态中补足语的结构。●My

mother

allowed

me

to

watch

TV

after

I

finished

my

homework

in

the

evening.（主动语态）→I

was

allowed

to

watch

TV

after

finishing

my

homework

in

the

evening.（被动语态）我被允许晚上做完作业后看电视。3.非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词的宾补Point

1

感官动词see,

watch,

observe,

hear,

notice等的宾补有以下形式（以see为例）：（1）see

sb/sth

do

sth

看见某人/某物做了某事（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作宾补的不定式省略了to）●I

saw

him

leave

a

few

minutes

ago.我几分钟前看见他离开了。#2.1.1.1.1（2）see

sb/sth

doing

sth

看见某人/某物正在做某事（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主动关系）●As

I

got

closer,

I

saw

him

kicking

his

legs

in

the

air

and

breathing

heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。（3）see

sb/sth

done看见某人/某物被做（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的被动关系）●I’d

like

to

see

the

plan

carried

out.我想看到这个计划被执行。Point

2

常见的使役动词有leave,

have,

make,

let,

get等，表示“使；让”的含义。常见的使役动词的宾补有以下形式：（1）have/make/let

sb

do

sth以及get

sb

to

do

sth表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主动关系。●The

teacher

had/made/let

some

students

stay

in

the

classroom

after

school.=The

teacher

got

some

students

to

stay

in

the

classroom

after

school.放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。（2）leave/have/get

sb/sth

doing

sth表示“让某人一直做某事/让某物处于某种状态”。●Her

remark

left

me

wondering

what

she

was

driving

at.她的话使我很想知道她意欲何为。●The

dancer’s

incredible

performance

had

the

audience

clapping

for

10

minutes

at

the

end

of

the

show.在节目的最后，那位舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演让观众鼓掌达十分钟之久。●We

got

the

lawn

mower

working

again

eventually.我们终于又让割草机运转了起来。【特别注意】have

sb

doing

sth

用于否定句中，常与can’t,

won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。●I

won’t

have

you

speaking

to

your

dad

like

that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。（3）have/get

sb/sth

done有三种含义：表被动动作（主语可能参与了动作，也可能没参与）；让别人做某事（主语未参与动作）；主语遭遇了某事（主语未参与动作）。●Before

driving

into

the

city,

you

are

required

to

get

your

car

washed.开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。●We’re

having

our

car

repaired.我们的车正在修理中。●He

had

his

wallet

stolen

on

his

way

home.回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。#2.1.2.3.1.3【特别注意】感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，其后要用不定式作主语补足语（即“主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来”）。●The

prisoner

was

seen

to

take

the

money.有人见到犯人拿了那笔钱。●He

was

made

to

work

day

and

night.他被迫没日没夜地工作。易混

非谓语主动表被动的用法（1）need，

require，

want作“需要”讲，

以及deserve作“应受；应得”讲时，其后接动名词的主动形式（doing）或不定式的被动形式（to

be

done），表示被动含义。●The

road

needs/wants/requires

repairing.=The

road

needs/wants/requires

to

be

repaired.这条道路需要修补。（2）be

worth后用动名词的主动形式（doing）表示被动意义，而be

worthy后则须用不定式的被动形式表示被动意义，或接of后用动名词的被动形式表示被动意义。●The

book

is

worth

reading.=The

book

is

worthy

to

be

read.=The

book

is

worthy

of

being

read.这本书值得读。（3）rent,

blame,

let等词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。●Thick

patchy

fog

and

irresponsible

driving

were

to

blame.局部浓雾和不负责任的驾驶行为是罪魁祸首。分层训练A组（基础）1.[2025八省（区）联考·56改编]

The

goal

was

twofold:

___________

（celebrate）

cultural

diversity

as

well

as

to

promote

the

equal

use

of

all

six

tongues.to

celebrate【解析】as

well

as连接前后两个并列成分，设空处应与to

promote并列，故应用不定式。2.That’s

why

they

have

stood

the

test

of

time

and

survived

in

competition,

while

some

others

have

faded

into

the

history

due

to

their

inability

_________（adapt）

to

the

rapid

changes

in

modern

social

life.to

adapt【解析】inability后常用不定式作后置定语，意为“不能……”。3.The

________

（grow）

popularity

of

hanfu

has

also

fuelled

public

interest

in

other

traditional

cultural

elements—Chinese

painting,

calligraphy,

kung

fu

and

so

on.growing【解析】设空处为非谓语动词作定语，popularity和grow之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。4.A

small

device,

Moxie,

has

produced

oxygen

on

the

surface

of

Mars,

_________（bring）

the

chances

of

surviving

on

the

red

planet

a

step

closer.bringing【解析】此处为非谓语动词作状语，bring与A

small

device之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。5._______（raise）

in

the

smallest

state

in

Malaysia,

Loo

owes

his

success

to

his

parents

introducing

him

to

business

at

an

early

age.Raised【解析】此处为非谓语动词作状语，且Loo与raise之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。6.As

our

country

enters

an

era

of

prosperity,

our

cultural

confidence

gets

________（boost）.boosted【解析】gets为系动词，our

cultural

confidence与boost之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。7.It

can

shelter

people

from

the

wind

and

rain

and

allows

them

________

（meet）

and

rest.to

meet【解析】allow

sb

to

do

sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。8.“The

repair

aims

__________

（remove）

potential

safety

hazards,

and

prevent

the

unique

landscape

and

characteristics

of

the

section

from

being

damaged,”

Zhang

said.to

remove【解析】aim

to

do

sth为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语。9.It

was

a

custom

for

people

________

（hang）

peach

wood

charms

to

drive

away

evil

spirits

during

the

Spring

Festival.to

hang【解析】it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。10.A

Qatari

civil

engineer

who

brought

his

family

to

the

exhibition,

said

that_______

（see）

these

photos

brought

back

many

of

the

good

memories

in

Beijing.seeing【解析】that引导宾语从句，____

these

photos在宾语从句中作主语，应用动名词。B组（综合）1.In

some

parts

of

northern

China,

“dikengyuan”

in

Mandarin,

which

means

“ground

hole

courtyards”,

is

a

type

of

cave

dwellings

（窑洞）

commonly

______（find）

in

the

Loess

Plateau

in

northern

China.found【解析】设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，cave

dwellings与find之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。2.Along

with

China’s

silk

and

tea,

porcelain

was

one

of

the

first

items____________

（trade）

in

the

worldwide

market.to

be

traded【解析】设空处为非谓语动词作定语，当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，其后要用动词不定式作后置定语；此处trade与items之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动语态。3.The

design

of

the

forest

library

ensures

minimal

（极少的）

disturbance

to

the

forest,

with

existing

green

spaces

__________（connect）

by

wooden

walkways.connected【解析】本题考查with复合结构，由by可知existing

green

spaces与connect之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。4.Though

Lin

Qiaozhi

never

married,

she

was

known

as

the

“mother

of

ten

thousand

babies”,________________

（deliver）

over

50,000

babies

since

she

began

her

career.having

delivered【解析】设空处为非谓语动词作状语，she与deliver之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且deliver表示的动作发生在was

known

as表示的动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式。5.An

instructional

video

of

Baduanjin

has

been

played

for

more

than

10

million

times

and

received

over

6,000

comments

on

a

video

sharing

platform

_________（target）

young

people.targeting【解析】设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，且target与a

video

sharing

platform之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。6.A

spokesperson

from

Emirates

Auction

said,

“We

are

proud

____________

（announce）

that

the

charity

（慈善）

auction

has

set

a

new

world

record.”to

announce【解析】be

proud

to

do

sth为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到自豪”。7.Confucius

believes

that

being

benevolent

does

not

mean

______

（be）

without

principles.being【解析】mean

doing

sth意为“意味着做某事”，设空处应用动名词作宾语。8.It

tolerates

the

heat

of

summer

and

the

cold

of

winter,

and

it

regenerates

after

__________（cut）.being

cut【解析】设空处位于介词after后，应用动名词作宾语，且cut和it之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用动名词的被动式。9.A

100,000-ton-class,

nuclear-powered

aircraft

carrier

would

be

not

only

more

powerful,

but

also

more

expensive,

so

a

choice

must

be

made

regarding

whether

________（have）

more

and

inexpensive

carriers,

or

have

less

but

expensive

ones.to

have【解析】此处是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。10.This

type

of

drum

dance

is

commonly

seen_______________

（perform）

during

the

last

and

first

month

of

the

lunar

year

in

many

local

festive

activities,

thus

expressing

people’s

hope

of

a

peaceful

and

prosperous

year

to

come.to

be

performed【解析】This

type

of

drum

dance与perform之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且此处为see

sth

done结构的被动形式，应用动词不定式的被动语态。语篇练习1

非谓语动词专练

1.________（walk）

along

the

Great

Wall

is

a

once-in-a-lifetime

dream

for

many,

but

Jim

Spear

has

t