02-专题2 介词和介词短语

专题2

介词和介词短语01高考感知02考点突破03分层训练高考感知1.[2024全国甲·改编]

This

area,

with

its

unique

and

breathtaking

natural

beauty,

must

be

well

preserved

____

all

people

of

the

nation

to

enjoy—as

a

national

park.for2.[2022全国乙]

May

21st

this

year

marks

the

first

International

Tea

Day,

which

was

named

officially

____

the

United

Nations

on

November

27th,

2019.by3.[2025全国一卷·改编]

“A

decent

winner

always

tries

to

beat

the

opponent

____

no

more

than

one

or

two

points

as

a

gesture

（姿态）

of

respect

for

the

other

side.”by4.[2024全国新课标Ⅱ]

I

happen

to

know

that

Tang’s

play

The

Peony

Pavilion

（《牡丹亭》）

is

similar

in

some

ways

___

Romeo

and

Juliet.to5.[2023全国甲]

She

warns

of

the

environmental

dangers

facing

society,

and

she

teaches

that

people

must

take

responsibility

____

saving

their

environment.for6.[2021全国乙·改编]

Due

to

the

growing

popularity

of

environmentally-related

and

adventure

travel,

various

types

___

trips

are

now

being

classified

as

ecotourism.of

无提示词，设空处后的名词或代词在句子中不作主语、表语或动词宾语时，通常需要使用介词；当句子需要时间、地点、方式等状语来修饰动词、形容词、副词等时，需要根据句意使用正确的介词。除此之外，许多动词、形容词和名词可以与不同的介词搭配使用，但是每种搭配所表达的含义不同。考点突破考点突破考点11

几个常考介词的用法考点12

常考介词短语及介词搭配清单1.against的用法#1含

义例

句反对;违背;与……相反He

did

it

against

his

own

will.他违背自己的意愿做了这件事。对……不利The

evidence

is

against

him.证据对他不利。碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠Tired,

Jim

was

fast

asleep

with

his

back

against

a

big

tree.吉姆累了，他背靠着一棵大树睡熟了。含

义例

句与……竞争;和……比赛He

was

injured

in

the

game

against

the

Lions.他在与雄狮队的比赛中受伤了。以防They

took

measures

against

fire.他们采取了防火措施。以……为背景；衬托The

hill

looks

more

beautiful

against

the

blue

sky.在蓝天的映衬下，这座小山显得更美丽了。续表2.beyond的用法含

义例

句（指程度）深于；（指范围）超出；（指可能性、理解力、能力等）非……可及The

number

of

cities

producing

CO

beyond

the

standard

has

been

reduced

from

40

to

9.一氧化碳排放量超标的城市数量已经由40个减少为9个了。含

义例

句（指空间）在……的那边；在……较远的一边The

airport

is

20

miles

beyond

the

town.机场在离城镇20英里（1英里≈1.61千米）外的地方。（时间）晚于；迟于He

came

home

beyond

the

usual

time.他比平时回家晚。续表3.by的用法#3含义例

句（时间）不迟于；在……之前He

is

sure

to

come

by

three

o’clock.他三点之前肯定会来。（位置）靠近；在……旁边On

a

cold

evening,

it

is

pleasant

to

sit

by

the

fire.在寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁边很舒服。含义例

句（与the连用，表示时间或度量单位）根据；按照；以……计算They

sell

eggs

by

the

dozen.他们按打卖鸡蛋。We

rent

the

car

by

the

day.我们按日租用汽车。（程度、数量）相差We

lost

the

match

by

one

goal.我们以一球之差输了这场比赛。经过；经由They

came

in

by

the

back

door.他们从后门进来。续表含义例

句通过；使用（某种方法、手段）You

can

reserve

the

tickets

by

phone.你可以通过电话订票。（常置于表被动的动词后，表示施动者）被……He

was

knocked

down

by

a

car.他被一辆汽车撞倒了。续表4.for的用法#4含

义例

句（表示目的或功能）为了（表示对象或用途）给，对The

problem

was

that

it

was

too

valuable

for

everyday

use.问题是它对日常使用来说太贵重了。（表示原因）因为;由于Campbell

was

arrested

for

dangerous

driving.坎贝尔因危险驾驶被捕。含

义例

句（表示持续的时间或距离）达，计We

drove

for

miles

before

we

found

a

phone

box.我们开车数英里（1英里≈1.61千米）后才找到一个电话亭。（表示等值或比例关系）换取He

agreed

to

pay

300

dollars

for

the

picture.他同意花300美元买下那幅画。支持；赞成；拥护How

many

people

voted

for

the

proposal?有多少人投票支持这项提议？续表含

义例

句（表示某种特点令人惊讶）就……而言You

look

young

for

your

age.你看起来比实际年龄年轻。（表示去向）往，向（表示陈述或问题的对象）对于I’m

sure

she’s

the

ideal

person

for

the

job.我确信她是这份工作的理想人选。续表5.in的用法#5含

义例

句（表示地点、场所、位置等）在……里面；在……内The

telephone

was

in

the

little

study

on

the

ground

floor.电话在一楼的小书房里。（表示时间）在……期间It

will

be

ready

in

a

week’s

time.只需一周的时间就会准备好。（表示某人或某物的状态、情况）处于……中The

engine

appears

to

be

in

good

condition.发动机看起来状况良好。含

义例

句关于；在……方面The

foods

that

you

buy

in

hamburger

restaurants

are

high

in

fat,

sugar

and

salt.你在汉堡店买的食物所含的脂肪、糖和盐的含量都很高。（表示服饰）穿着；戴着He

looked

very

handsome

in

his

uniform.他穿着制服看起来很英俊。续表6.under的用法含

义例

句在……下面，在……之下She

placed

the

ladder

under

the

window.她把梯子立在窗户下面。在……过程中The

hotel

is

still

under

construction.旅馆还在修建中。含

义例

句（数字、数量、年龄或价格）低于；少于；在……以下These

toys

are

not

suitable

for

children

under

five.这些玩具不适合五岁以下的儿童玩。在……影响下She’s

been

under

a

lot

of

pressure

at

work.她工作压力很大。续表7.with的用法#7含

义例

句和……在一起；和；同；跟Would

you

like

to

go

shopping

with

me?你愿意和我一起去购物吗？（表示同时或同一方向）随着With

time

going

by,

the

little

tree

has

grown

up.随着时间的流逝，那棵小树已经长大了。（表伴随）具有；带有We

saw

Moore

coming

back

with

a

drink

in

his

hand.我们看见穆尔回来了，手里拿着一杯饮料。含

义例

句（表示原因或理由）由于；因为He

trembled

with

fear.他吓得发抖。（表示方式）用He

cut

it

open

with

a

knife.他用刀把它切开。（表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式）They

fought

with

courage.他们英勇地战斗。续表Point

1

与名词搭配（1）介词+名词①at

+

n.at

a

time

每次；依次

at

times

有时at

birth

出生时

at

first

sight

乍一看at

length

终于；最后；详尽地at

leisure

悠闲；从容at

ease

不拘束；放松at

one

time

一度；曾经at

present

现在；目前at

random

随机地；任意地at

will

随心所欲；任意#8.1.1.9②beyond

+

n.beyond

compare

无与伦比beyond

comprehension

无法理解beyond

description

无法形容beyond

（one’s）

expectations

出乎（某人的）意料beyond

（one’s）

imagination

超乎（某人的）想象③by

+

n.by

chance/coincidence

偶然；碰巧by

design

故意地by

heart

单凭记忆；能背诵by

hand

手工④for

+

n.for

a

moment

一会儿

for

life终身for

good

永远⑤from

+

n.+

to

+

n.from

time

to

time

间或；偶尔；有时from

top

to

bottom

彻底地from

side

to

side

左右来回（摇摆）⑥in

+

n.in

advance

提前

in

short

总之in

debt

负债；欠账in

detail

详细地in

force

已生效；在实施中；大量；众多in

effect

实际上；有效

in

no

time

立刻；马上in

particular

尤其

in

person

亲自#8.1.6.6in

place

在正确位置；准备就绪in

practice

在实践中；实际上in

reality

事实上；实际上in

return

作为回报；作为回应in

ruins

（建筑物）倒塌，破败不堪；（生活、国家经济等）崩溃，垮掉in

sight

看得见；可能即将发生#8.1.6.12in

stock

有存货的；有现货的in

the

long

run

从长远来看in

secret

秘密地in

time

及时；经过一段时间后；迟早in

total

总共；总计in

turn

依次；轮流；转而；相应地#8.1.6.18⑦on

+

n.on

end

连续地；竖着

on

holiday

在度假/休假on

no

account

决不

on

display/show

陈列；展出on

purpose

故意地

on

average

平均on

the

contrary

正相反

on

the

whole

总的来说⑧out

of

+

n.out

of

balance

失去平衡out

of

breath

（运动后）喘不上气out

of

date

过时的out

of

debt

不欠债，还清债务out

of

order

出故障；违反规程out

of

place

不适当out

of

shape

变形的；身体不好out

of

sight

看不见⑨to

+

n.to

one’s

surprise

令某人惊讶的是to

the

point

简明恰当；简洁中肯⑩under

+

n.under

construction

在建设中under

pressure

在压力下；承受压力（2）名词+介词desire

for

对……的渴望devotion

to

对……的忠诚effect/influence

on/upon

对……的影响objection

to

反对……reason

for

……的原因sympathy

for

对……的同情（3）介词+名词+介词①at

+

n.+

prep.at

the

cost

of

以……为代价at

the

end

of

在……的尽头at

the

point

of

就要……之时at

the

risk

of

冒着……的危险at

the

sight

of

一看到……就#8.3.1.5②in

+

n.+

prep.in

addition

to

除……之外（还）in

agreement

with

与……一致in

case

of

如果；假使in

charge

of

负责in

favour

of

支持in

connection

with

与……有关in

contact

with

与……有联系；与……接触#8.3.2.7in

contrast

to/with

与……形成对比in

exchange

for

作为……的交换in

harmony

with

与……协调;与……一致in

line

with

与……一致in

honour

of

为纪念……；为向……表示敬意in

memory

of

为了纪念in

need

of

需要

in

place

of

代替in

possession

of

拥有#8.3.2.15in

preparation

for

为……准备；作为……的准备in

support

of

支持

in

regard

to

关于in

respect

of

关于

in

reply

to

答复in

response

to

对……作出反应#8.3.2.19in

（the）

light

of

鉴于

in

spite

of

尽管in

search

of

寻找in

the

name

of

以……的名义in

view

of

考虑到#8.3.2.23③for

+

n.+

prep.for

fear

of

唯恐；生怕

for

lack

of

因缺乏for

the

benefit

of

为了……的利益④with

+

n.+

prep.with

reference/regard/respect

to

关于with

the

purpose

of

以……为目的；目的是⑤on

+

n.+

prep.on

account

of

由于

on

behalf

of

代表#8.3.5.1⑥by/of

+

n.+

prep.by

means

of

借助；依靠by

way

of

当成；作为；经由（be）

of

help

to

对……有帮助（be）

of

importance

to

对……重要#8.3.6.4Point

2与动词搭配（1）v.+

aboutspeak/talk

about

谈论

bring

about

导致，引起（2）v.+

foranswer

for

对……负责beg

for

乞求

hunt

for

寻找；搜寻search

for

寻找；搜寻#9.2.3（3）v.+

ataim

at

瞄准；力求达到glare

at

怒视

glance

at

匆匆一瞥knock

at

敲（门、窗等）

point

at

指向stare

at

凝视，盯着看#9.3.4（4）v.+

fromdate

from

追溯到

die

from

死于hear

from

收到……的来信suffer

from

患（病）；受……折磨protect…

from…

保护……不受……separate…

from…

把……与……分离开#9.4.5（5）v.+

ofapprove

of

赞成complain

of

抱怨；诉说有……病痛consist

of

由……组成

die

of

死于#9.5.3（6）v.+

oncall

on

探访；号召

carry

on

继续；进行depend

on

依靠；取决非于feed

on

以……为食insist

on

坚决要求

pass

on

将……传给try

on

试穿

rely

on

依靠#9.6.5（7）v.+

inbreak

in

闯入（行窃）；插话call

in

召来；顺道拜访cut

in

插嘴；强行超车

drop

in

顺道拜访hand

in

上交

persist

in

坚持（8）v.+

intoburst

into

突然爆发；突然……起来crash

into

撞上

run

into

偶然遇见look

into

调查#9.8.3（9）v.+

toattend

to

处理；照料；接待（顾客）lead

to

导致；通向

object

to

反对appeal

to

吸引；呼吁#9.9.3（10）v.+

offbreak

off

中断；停顿call

off

取消；停止进行give

off

发出，放出（光、热等）pay

off

还清；成功show

off

炫耀；卖弄

set

off

引发；动身take

off

脱下；（飞机等）起飞；突然开始成功,开始走红#9.10.6（11）v.+

downbreak

down

垮掉；分解；出故障knock

down

撞倒；拆掉put

down

写下；记下；镇压（12）v.+

outcarry

out

实行；进行

figure

out

弄懂；理解give

out

发出（热、光等）；分发；用光run

out

用完；耗尽#9.12.3（13）v.+

upbreak

up

结束；驱散；分解；（关系）破裂bring

up

提出；抚养；养育；吐出end

up

最终处于set

up

建立；创立；安排put

up

建造；张贴；抬高（14）v.+

withagree

with

同意；与……一致combine

with

与……结合#9.14.2Point

3与形容词搭配（1）adj.+

ofbe

ashamed

of

对……感到羞愧be

aware

of

意识到be

convinced

of

确信

be

fond

of

喜欢be

tired

of

厌倦

be

proud

of

以……为荣be

short

of

缺少

be

sick

of

厌烦（2）adj.+

withbe

content

with

对……满意be

patient

with

对……有耐心be

familiar

with

熟悉；通晓be

pleased

with

对……感到满意be

strict

with

对……严格（3）adj.+

tobe

addicted

to

对……上瘾；沉溺于be

available

to

sb可供某人使用be

beneficial

to

对……有益处be

accustomed/used

to

习惯于be

equal

to

相当于；能胜任be

familiar

to

为……所熟悉be

vital

to

对……极其重要be

grateful

to

对……感激be

polite

to

对……有礼貌#10.3.9（4）adj.+

inbe

active

in

在……方面活跃be

rich

in

富含……的be

weak

in

在……方面薄弱（5）adj.+

forbe

eager

for

渴望be

fit

for

适合于be

responsible

for

对……负责be

impatient

for

对……迫不及待；急于（6）adj.+

其他介词be

absent

from

不在场；缺席be

anxious

about/for

忧虑；担心be

curious

about

对……好奇be

crazy

about

热衷于；着迷于be

delighted

with/at/by

对……感到高兴#10.6.5be

enthusiastic

about

热衷于be

particular

about/over

对……挑剔/讲究be

optimistic

about

对……乐观be

skilled

at/in

善于be

confident

about/of

对……有信心#10.6.10Point

4其他搭配after

all

毕竟；终究not

in

the

least

一点也不nothing

but

只有；只是（every）

once

in

a

while

有时；偶尔；间或up

to

多达；至多；是……的职责；由……决定易混1

表示“处于某种状态”时，

on与in的区别on多用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中；in多用于表示静态的状况，如安全、健康、情绪等。on

business

在出差

on

a

visit

在访问中on

strike

在罢工

on

sale

出售；减价出售on

show

在展出

on

fire

着火in

trouble

在困境中

in

danger

在危险之中in

silence

沉默地

in

surprise

惊讶地in

order

准备好；就绪；妥当in

high/low

spirits

情绪高涨/低落in

debt

负债易混2

下列词组中，to是介词，不是不定式符号belong

to

属于date

back

to

追溯到look

forward

to

盼望；期望be

addicted

to

沉迷于；对……上瘾be

accustomed

to

习惯于stick

to

坚持be/get

used

to

doing…

习惯于做……pay

attention

to

注意be

devoted

to…

致力于……attend

to

照料attach

importance

to…

认为……很重要续表分层训练1.[2025八省（区）联考·61改编]

The

UN

Chinese

Language

Day

not

only

provides

a

unique

platform

______

the

world

to

better

understand

China,

but

also

promotes

language

and

cultural

exchanges

in

the

world.for/to【解析】固定短语provide

sth

for/to

sb/sth

意为“为某人/某物提供某物”。2.An

ancient

stone

gate

first

greets

your

eyes

___

the

entrance

to

the

village.at【解析】此处表示“在入口处”；表示在某个“小地点”时，应用介词at。3.“Dian

cha

in

modern

brewing

enhances

the

taste

of

tea,”

Han

says.

“It

is

similar

___

the

foam

on

top

of

a

cup

of

coffee,

except

that

it

is

made

of

tea

rather

than

milk.”to【解析】be

similar

to…

为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”。4.The

situation

obviously

called

____

a

change.for【解析】call

for…

为固定搭配，意为“需要……”。5.It

gradually

evolved

into

a

toy

for

children

___

the

Qing

Dynasty.in【解析】表示“在……朝代”，应用介词in。6.Their

creators

believe

soft

robot

jellyfish

could

act

___

the

“guardians

of

the

ocean”.as【解析】句意:它们的创造者认为,软体机器人水母可以充当“海洋守护者”。act

as为固定短语,意为“担任;充当”。7.Long

March

5

is

one

of

China’s

most

powerful

launch

vehicles

currently

in

operational

service

_____

a

maximum

payload

capacity

of

25

tonnes

to

low

earth

orbit

（LEO）.with【解析】句意：长征五号是中国目前投入运行的（运载能力）最强大的运载火箭之一，其最大近地轨道运载能力可达25吨。结合句意可知，此处表示“具有”，应用介词with。8.They

compared

the

qualities

of

bamboo

___

those

of

man,

and

Su

Dongpo

credited

his

literary

inspiration

to

bamboo.to【解析】compare…

to…为固定搭配，意为“将……比作……”。9.________

penjing,

Suzhou

gardens

wouldn’t

be

as

charming

as

they

are

today.Without【解析】句意：如果没有盆景，苏州园林就不会像今天这样迷人。设空处表示“没有”且位于句首，应填Without。10.The

inscriptions,

mainly

carved

on

turtle

shells

and

ox

bones

____

fortune

telling（占卜）

or

recording

events,

show

the

Yinxu

site

to

be

the

location

of

the

capital

of

the

late

Shang

Dynasty.for【解析】句意：这些主要刻在龟甲和牛骨上，用于占卜或记录事件的文字表明殷墟遗址是商朝晚期都城的所在地。此处表示这些刻印文字的用途，应用介词for。

[辽宁鞍山部分学校2026一模]

Lucy

comes

from

London,

UK,

a

city

1._______

modern

energy

mixes

with

historical

charm,

boasting

the

ancient

Big

Ben,

and

the

art-filled

British

Museum.

Growing

up

in

such

an

environment,

Lucy

was

curious

about

the

world,

especially

the

distant

and

2.__________

（mystery）

Asian

country—China.

During

her

college

years,

Lucy

chose

the

Chinese

major,

thus

3.________

（form）

an

inseparable

tie

with

Chinese

culture.

After

graduation,

filled

with

4._________

（eager）

for

China,

she

wheremysteriousformingeagernessdeterminedly

set

out

on

a

journey

to

the

country

and

eventually

settled

in

Xi’an,

a

city

bearing

the

profound

history

of

thirteen

ancient

dynasties.

In

Xi’an,

what

truly

impressed

her

was

traditional

Chinese

clothing—hanfu.

Lucy’s

first

encounter

5._____

hanfu

was

at

a

temple

fair

during

a

traditional

festival

in

Xi’an.

Since

then,

Lucy

has

devoted

herself

to

the

study

of

hanfu.

She

visited

various

hanfu

6._______

（studio）

in

Xi’an,

made

many

like-minded

friends,

7._____

consulted

senior

hanfu-making

masters.

She

even

started

to

try

making

hanfu

by

hand.

Making

hanfu

is

no

withstudiosandeasy

task.

Stinging

her

fingers

with

needles

8.___

（be）a

common

occurrence,

yet

she

never

thinks

of

giving

up.

She

9._________

（shoot）some

unique

videos

over

the

past

years,

featuring

both

professional

knowledge

and

a

sense

of

fun.

Lucy

said

she

feels

very

fortunate

10._____________

（come）

to

China

and

settled

in

Xi’an.

She

hopes

that

through

her

efforts,

more

people

can

understand

Chinese

hanfu

culture

and

fall

in

love

with

this

beautiful

and

charming

country.#1.1.1【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国女孩露西对中国文化的热爱，以及她定居西安后传播汉服文化的故事。ishas

shotto

have

come1._______where【解析】设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a

city，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。2.__________mysterious【解析】修饰名词短语Asian

country，应用形容词mysterious，意为“神秘的”。3.________forming【解析】此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，form与逻辑主语Lucy

chose

the

Chinese

major之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。4._________eagerness【解析】此处作with的宾语，应用名词eagerness，意为“渴望”。5._____with【解析】encounter

with为固定搭配，意为“与……的相遇；与……的接触”。6._______studios【解析】studio为可数名词，再根据设空处前的various可知，此处应用名词复数形式。7.___