21-选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land

选择性必修第一册Unit

5

Working

the

Land01要点总览02分类背诵03重难突破04随堂检测05写作培优Part

Ⅰ

要点总览Part

Ⅱ

分类背诵1.hybrid

n.杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车2.crisis

n.（pl.crises）危机；危急关头3.characteristic

n.特征；特点；品质

adj.典型的；独特的4.conventional

adj.传统的；习惯的5.pollinate

vt.授粉；传粉6.domestic

adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的7.strain

n.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力8.celebrity

n.名望；名誉；名人；名流#89.envision

vt.展望；想象10.sorghum

n.高粱；高粱米11.broom

n.扫把；扫帚；金雀花12.grain

n.谷物；谷粒；颗粒13.urban

adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的14.tunnel

n.地下通道；地道；隧道15.wheat

n.小麦；小麦籽#1516.flavour（NAmE

-vor）

n.味道；特点；特色17.fertiliser（NAmE

-izer）

n.肥料18.poverty

n.贫穷；贫困19.organic

adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的20.pesticide

n.杀虫剂；除害药物21.bacterium

n.（pl.bacteria

）细菌22.grocery

n.食品杂货店；［pl.］食品杂货#221.______vt.解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理2.______vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到3._______adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的4._______n．产量；输出；输出量

vt.（output，output）输出5.________vt.估计；估价；估算

n．估计；估算6._________vt.包括；包含；由……组成7.________vt.产生；引起tackleattainintenseoutputestimatecomprisegenerate8._______n．闲暇；休闲；空闲9._____n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土10._______n．想象；视力；视野；影像11._______n．现实；实际情况；事实12.________vt.减轻；缓解13.___________adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的leisuresoilvisionrealityalleviatewidespread14._________adj.完全必要的；极其重要的15.________n．矿物；矿物质16.________n．例子；实例；事例17.______n．一批；一组

vt.分批处理18._____n．根；根茎；根部；根源19._______n．方面；层面essentialmineralinstancebatchrootaspect【一词多义&熟词生义】20.______vt.使增长；使兴旺

n．增长；提高；激励21.______

n．产量；产出

vt.出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）

vi.屈服；让步

22.__________vt.（overcame，overcome）克服；解决；战胜；受到……的极大影响

23.______vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹

n.炸弹；彻底的失败

24.______vt.&

vi.消化

vt.领会；领悟；理解

n．摘要；文摘25.__________n．可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的boostyieldovercomebombdigestalternative1.devote

vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于→devotion

n．奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted

adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的2.shortage

n．不足；缺少；短缺→short

adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的3.convince

vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing

adj.有说服力的；令人信服的→convinced

adj.确信的；坚信的4.assumption

n．假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得→assume

vt．假定；假设；承担→assuming

conj.假定；假设5.expand

vt.&

vi.扩大；增加

vt.扩展；发展（业务）→expansion

n．扩大；扩张；扩充6.consumption

n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume

vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer

n．消费者；用户；客户7.salty

adj.含盐的；咸的→salt

n．盐8.extension

n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend

vt.扩展；展开；延伸→extensive

adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的9.chemical

adj.与化学有关的；化学的

n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry

n．化学→chemically

adv.化学上→chemist

n．化学家；药剂师10.nutritional

adj.营养（物）的→nutritious

adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition

n．营养；滋养11.depth

n．向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）→deep

adj.深的→deeply

adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen

vt.&

vt.加深；（使）变深12.entirely

adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire

adj.全部的；完全的1.____________把……用于；献身；致力；专心2.________________包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）3.___________在内心深处；本质上；实际上4.________相应地；转而；依次；轮流5.____________例如；比如devote…

tobe

comprised

ofdeep

downin

turnfor

instance【词块拓展】6._________________实现某人的梦想7._______事实上8.________开始使用；求助于；变成fulfil

one’s

dreamin

factturn

to1.that引导表语从句However,

what

concerned

him

most

was

that

farmers

often

had

poor

harvests

and

sometimes

even

had

a

serious

shortage

of

food

to

eat.然而，最令他担心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。2.how引导主语从句How

this

could

be

done

was

a

challenging

question

at

the

time.这如何实现是当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。#743.whether引导主语从句However,

whether

it

was

possible

to

develop

a

hybrid

of

self-pollinating

plants

such

as

rice

was

a

matter

of

great

debate.然而，是否可能开发出像水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，这是一个很有争议的问题。4.given

that

引导原因状语从句Given

that

Yuan’s

hybrids

made

him

quite

wealthy,

one

might

think

he

would

have

retired

to

a

life

of

leisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。#785.why引导主语从句；that引导表语从句Why

different

crops

are

grown

is

that

they

put

important

minerals

back

into

the

ground,

making

it

ready

for

the

next

batch

of

crops.种植不同作物是为了让重要的矿物质重新回到土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物（的种植）做好准备。#801.crisis

n.（pl.crises）

______________2.characteristic

n._______________adj.______________3.conventional

adj.______________4.domestic

adj.___________________________5.strain

n._______________________________6.celebrity

n.___________________7.flavour

（NAmE

-vor）

n._______________危机;危急关头特征;特点;品质典型的;独特的传统的;习惯的本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的（动、植物的）系;品种;拉伤;压力名望;名誉;名人;名流味道;特点;特色8.poverty

n.__________9.organic

adj._____________________________10.pesticide

n.________________11.bacterium

n.（pl.bacteria）______12.grocery

n.____________［pl.］__________贫穷;贫困有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的杀虫剂;除害药物细菌食品杂货店食品杂货1.______

vt.解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理2.______n.产量；产出

vt.出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）

vi.屈服；让步3.______vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到4._______adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的5.________vt.估计；估价；估算

n.估计；估算6.________vt.产生；引起tackleyieldattainintenseestimategenerate7._______

n.想象；视力；视野；影像8.________vt.减轻；缓解9.______vt.&

vi.消化

vt.领会；领悟；理解

n.摘要；文摘10._________adj.完全必要的；极其重要的11.__________n.可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的12._______n.方面；层面visionalleviatedigestessentialalternativeaspect1.________

n.不足；缺少；短缺→______

adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的2._________vt.使相信；使确信；说服→___________adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→__________adj.确信的；坚信的3._______vt.&

vi.扩大；增加

vt.扩展；发展（业务）→__________n.扩大；扩张；扩充shortageshortconvinceconvincingconvincedexpandexpansion4._____

adj.含盐的；咸的→____

n.盐5._________n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→_______vt.扩展；展开；延伸→_________adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的6.________adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→______adj.全部的；完全的saltysaltextensionextendextensiveentirelyentire1.____________

把……用于；献身；致力；专心2.________________包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）3.___________在内心深处；本质上；实际上4.________相应地；转而；依次；轮流5.____________例如；比如devote…

tobe

comprised

ofdeep

downin

turnfor

instance1.He

has

always

been

________

to

his

work,

willingly

_________

his

time

and

skills

with

steady_________.（devote）devoteddevotingdevotion2.Based

on

our

initial

___________,

we

can

assume

that

the

project

will

be

successful,

_________

all

team

members

fulfil

their

responsibilities

diligently.

（assume）assumptionassuming3.The

rise

in

fast

food

____________

worries

__________

due

to

health

impacts,

as

many

regularly

consume

these

meals,

ignoring

their

nutrition.

（consume）consumptionconsumers4.The

_____________

carefully

mixed

the

chemical

substances,

demonstrating

a

deep

understanding

of

__________,

to

ensure

that

the

reaction

would

proceed

__________

as

intended.（chemical）chemist（s）chemistrychemically5.Eating

a

balanced

diet

ensures

good

_________

by

providing

all

the

necessary

value

from

_________

foods.

（nutritional）nutritionnutritious6.Diving

into

the

ocean’s

______,

I

was

in

deep

awe,

and

my

appreciation

for

nature

grew

_______,_______

changing

my

life

perspective.（deep）depthdeeperdeeply

In

the

complex

life,

many

individuals,

1._______

stories

are

comprised

of

overcoming

poverty,

envision

a

brighter

future

deep

2.______

in

their

urban

roots.

They

devote

3.___________

（they）

to

attaining

this

vision,

sparing

no

effort

4.___________

（broaden）

their

horizons

and

boost

their

potential.

By

combining

conventional

wisdom

5._____

alternative

strategies,

they

expand

output,

essential

for

yielding

positive

results.

This

generates

6.___

certain

strain,

but

they

are

determined

to

overcome

it,

7._________

（digest）

whosedownthemselvesto

broadenwithadigestingchallenges

as

they

arise.

For

instance,

leisure

time

8.________

（spend）

on

nutritious

pursuits,

fueling

their

growth.

The

widespread

assumption

is

9._____

these

efforts

will

lead

to

success,

turning

their

10._______

（dream）

into

reality.

In

turn,

they

look

forward

to

tackling

crises

and

contributing

to

society,

emphasising

that

one’s

origin

does

not

define

his

destiny.#1is

spentthatdreams1.问题是我们没有足够的钱。（that引导表语从句）The

problem

is

_______________________________.that

we

don’t

have

enough

money2.他如何在这么短的时间内完成任务让每个人都感到困惑。（how引导主语从句）___________________________________________________

confused

everyone.How

he

managed

to

finish

the

task

in

such

a

short

time3.他是否接受这个提议仍然不确定。（whether引导主语从句）______________________________

is

still

uncertain.Whether

he

will

accept

the

offer4.考虑到她以前从未做过饭，她第一次尝试做蛋糕竟然出乎意料地好。（given

that

引导原因状语从句）____________________________________,

her

first

attempt

at

making

a

cake

was

surprisingly

good.Given

that

she

had

never

cooked

before5.她为什么辞职仍然是个谜，唯一的线索是她想追求不同的职业道路。（why引导主语从句；that引导表语从句）____________________

remains

mysterious,

with

the

only

clue

being

____________________________________________.Why

she

quit

her

jobthat

she

wanted

to

pursue

a

different

career

pathPart

Ⅲ

重难突破1.devote

vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于

devotion

n.关爱;关照;奉献;忠诚devote

one’s

life/energy/time

to

（doing）

sth

将某人的生命/精力/时间用于（做）某事上devote

oneself

to

致力于；献身于devoted

adj.忠诚的;挚爱的；全心全意的be

devoted

to…

深爱……;热衷于/专心于……【

链接高考】（1）[2024全国新课标Ⅰ

阅读改编]

But

equally

important

is

the

mental

aspect.

Reading

researchers

have

proposed

a

theory

called

“shallowing

hypothesis

（假说）.”According

to

this

theory,

people

approach

digital

texts

with

a

mindset

suited

to

social

media,

which

are

often

not

so

serious,

and

devote

less

mental

effort

than

when

they

are

reading

print.翻译画线部分：_________________________________

所需的脑力往往少于阅读纸质材料（2）[2022北京7选5改编]

It

is

important

for

everyone

to

devote

some

time

___

health

and

fitness.to（3）[2021全国新高考Ⅱ

完形改编]

The

60-year-old

is

not

an

actor,

but

a

policeman.

However,

he

is

more

________（devote）

to

his

“role”

than

any

real

actor.devoted【

链接写作】（4）我致力于社区活动，受到周围人的称赞。（应用文写作之申请信）___________________________________________________________________Devoted

to

community

activities,

I

was

praised

by

the

people

around.（5）总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。因为保护海洋就是保护我们自己。（应用文写作之投稿）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In

a

word,

it

is

high

time

that

we

（should）

devote

ourselves

to

protecting

the

ocean.

Because

protecting

the

ocean

means

protecting

ourselves.2.convince

vt.使相信；使确信；说服

convincing

adj.有说服力的；令人信服的

convincingly

adv.有说服力地；令人信服地

convinced

adj.确信的；坚信的convince

sb

to

do

sth

说服某人做某事convince

sb

of

sth

使某人相信某事convince

sb

that…

使某人相信……be

convinced

of

sth

坚信某事be

convinced

that…

确信……【

链接高考】（1）[2023北京

阅读改编]

So

far

no

one

has

____________

（convincing）made

artificial

life.

This

track

record

makes

ALife

a

ripe

target

for

criticism,

such

as

declarations

of

the

field’s

doubtful

scientific

value.convincingly（2）[2021全国新高考Ⅱ

完形改编]

Dirty

shorts

and

old

shoes

gave

him

the

appearance

of

a

real

beggar

and

his

___________（convince）

dialect

soon

won

him

the

trust

of

the

beggars.convincing（3）[2021

全国新高考Ⅱ

阅读改编]

Years

of

experience

in

the

industry—and

failed

attempts

to

use

technology—have

convinced

him

_____

the

best

way

to

check

cattle

is

with

a

man

on

a

horse.that【

链接写作】（4）她以令人信服的胜利显示她已恢复状态。（读后续写）She

signalled

her

return

to

form

________________________.with

a

convincing

victory（5）所以我可以当志愿者带领参观者参观画廊，并且我确信我能胜任这项工作。（应用文写作之申请信）So

I

can

serve

as

a

volunteer

to

guide

the

visitors

around

the

gallery

and

___________________________________________.I

am

convinced

that

I

am

qualified

for

the

job3.assumption

n.假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得

assume

vt．假定；假设；承担；假装make

an

assumption

作出假设;认为assume

sb/sth

to

be…

假定/以为某人/某物是……assume

that…

认为……;假定……It

is

assumed

that…

人们认为……assuming

（that）…

假定……【

链接高考】（1）[2024年1月全国新课标Ⅰ·浙江

阅读改编]

For

a

few

months

after

the

“library”

opened,

I

didn’t

bother

taking

a

look,

as

I

____________（assume）that

it

would

be

stuffed

full

of

cheesy

love

stories.had

assumed（2）[2022北京

阅读改编]

A

systems

approach

to

creating

change

is

also

built

on

the

___________

（assume）

that

everyone

in

the

system

has

equal

power.assumption【

链接写作】（3）假设我被选为这个活动的志愿者，我会全力以赴帮助那些需要帮助的人。（应用文写作之申请信）____________________________________________________________,

I

will

go

all

out

to

help

those

in

need.Assuming

（that）

I

am

chosen

to

be

a

volunteer

for

this

activity（4）我们错误地以为她会同意。（读后续写）We

were

wrong

_____________________________.to

assume

that

she

would

agree4.alternative

n.可供选择的事物

adj.可供替代的；非传统的

alternatively

adv.要不；或者an

alternative

to…

……的替代品（to为介词）have

no

alternative/choice/option

but

to

do

sth

别无选择只能做某事【

链接高考】（1）[2023年1月全国新课标Ⅰ·浙江

7选5改编]

Compared

to

other

___________（alternative）,

it’s

comfortable

and

relaxing.alternatives【

链接写作】（2）我现在没有别的选择，只有坚持到底。（读后续写）___________________________________________________________I

have

no

choice/alternative/option

but

to

go

through

with

it

now.（3）我们应该用太阳能作为化石燃料的替代品。（应用文写作）We

should

use

solar

energy

__________________

fossil

fuel.as

an

alternative

to5.in

turn

相应地；转而；依次；轮流take

turns（in）

doing/to

do

轮流做……out

of

turn

不按顺序地；不合时宜地by

turns

轮流地；交替地（表现某些特质或情感）it’s

one’s

turn

to

do

sth

轮到某人做某事【

链接高考】（1）[2023

全国新课标Ⅱ

7选5改编]

I

post

my

work

on

social

media

and,

________（相应地）,

have

met

some

of

the

kindest

people.

They

make

me

feel

valued

and

respected,

no

matter

my

level

of

artistic

ability.in

turn【

链接写作】（2）轮到我和我们的雇主谈谈了。（读后续写）__________________________________It’s

my

turn

to

talk

to

our

employer.6.given

that引导的原因状语从句given

that引导原因状语从句时，表明某种情况或原因，意为“鉴于；考虑到”。given

可作为介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”。【

链接高考】（1）[2024

全国新课标Ⅱ

阅读改编]

_______（give）

the

astonishing

potential

of

AI

to

transform

our

lives,

we

all

need

to

take

action

to

deal

with

our

AI-powered

future,

and

this

is

where

AI

by

Design：A

plan

for

Living

with

Artificial

Intelligence

comes

in.Given【

链接写作】（2）考虑到现在是周末，我们应该去某个地方短途旅行。（应用文写作）_______________________________________________________________________Given

that

it’s

the

weekend,

we

should

go

on

a

short

trip

somewhere.Part

Ⅳ

随堂检测1.digest（1）Could

you

please

provide

a

digest

of

the

report

for

our

meeting

tomorrow?______摘要（2）It

took

me

a

while

to

digest

the

complex

information

in

the

textbook.____________理解；领会（3）After

eating

such

a

heavy

dinner,

it

took

me

hours

to

digest.______消化2.overcome（1）The

army

successfully

overcame

the

enemy

in

a

fierce

battle.______战胜（2）She

overcame

her

fear

of

public

speaking

and

gave

a

confident

presentation.____________克服；解决（3）He

was

overcome

with

emotion

when

he

received

the

award.______________________（某种情绪）控制……3.熟词生义（1）After

several

rounds

of

intense

negotiations,

the

government

finally

yielded

to

the

demands

of

the

protesters.____________屈服；让步（2）The

new

musical

was

a

complete

bomb

on

Broadway;

it

closed

after

only

a

few

performances

due

to

poor

ticket

sales

and

negative

reviews.______失败1.Our

class

is

comprised

___

forty

students.2.___________（consumer）

are

increasingly

turning

to

online

reviews

to

gain

the

information

they

want.3.Facing

severe

financial

difficulties,

they

had

no

alternative

but

_______（sell）

their

house.4.Recently,

the

team___________（tackle）

several

key

issues

and

made

significant

progress

in

the

project.5.The

ocean’s_______（deep）

hide

countless

secrets.6.The

book

was________（entire）

written

by

hand.ofConsumersto

sellhas

tackleddepthsentirely7.The

obstacles

__________（overcome）

by

our

team

were

numerous

and

significant.8.There

are

many_______（aspect）

of

the

project

that

need

to

be

considered

before

we

make

a

final

decision.9.___is

essential

that

we

shouldn’t

yield

to

difficulties.10.Keeping

a_________（nutrition）

diet

is

also

essential

even

if

we

have

a

shortage

of

money.overcomeaspectsItnutritious1.___________（在内心深处）,

I

knew

this

decision

was

right

for

me.2.Each

student

read

a

paragraph

from

the

book________（依次；轮流）.3.____________（例如）,

let’s

consider

the

impact

of

social

media

on

modern

communication.4.She

worked

hard

to_______________（实现她的梦想）

of

becoming

a

published

author.5._______（实际上），

I

had

no

idea

what

he

was

talking

about.6.When

faced

with

difficulties,

he

used

to________（求助于）

his

family

for

support.Deep

downin

turnFor

instancefulfil

her

dreamIn

factturns

toPart

Ⅴ

写作培优

［河北秦皇岛多校2025联考］假定你是李华，上周你班组织了一场以“有机农业的利与弊”为题的英语辩论会，请你用英语写一篇短文，给校英语报投稿，介绍此次辩论的情况，并发表个人的看法。▼写作要点1.它不仅促进土壤健康、增强生物多样性，而且有助于自然资源的保护。It

not

only

__________________________________________

but

also

______________________________________________.promotes

soil

health

and

enhances

biodiversitycontributes

to

the

conservation

of

natural

resources2.他们声称有机农业的产量相对较低，这可能无法满足全球人口不断增长的食物需求。They

claimed

that

organic

agriculture

has

relatively

low

yields,

which

may

__________________________________________________________.

fail

to

meet

the

growing

food

demands

of

the

global

population3.在我看来，应采取一种均衡的策略，把传统和有机耕作方法的优势结合起来。In

my

opinion,

___________________________________

to

combine

the

advantages

of

both

conventional

and

organic

farming

methods.a

balanced

strategy

should

be

adopted▼句式升级1.将第1句改为

not

only置于句首的倒装句_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Not

only

does

it

promote

soil

health

and

enhance

biodiversity

but

it

also

contributes

to

the

conservation

of

natural

resources.2.用given

that引导的原因状语从句改写第2句___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Given

that

organic

agriculture

has

relatively

low

yields,

they

claimed

it

may

fail

to

meet

the

growing

food

demands

of

the

global

population.▼组句成篇___

Last

week,

our

class

held

a

heated

debate

on

the

topic

of

“The

Pros

and

Cons

of

Organic

Farming”

in

English.

Both

sides

presented

compelling

arguments.

The

affirmative

side

passionately

argued

that

organic

farming

is

a

sustainable

and

environmentally

friendly

planting

model.

Not

only

does

it

promote

soil

health

and

enhance

biodiversity

but

it

also

contributes

to

the

conservation

of

natural

resources.

The

negative

side

countered

with

valid

points

as

well.

Given

that

organic

agriculture

has

relatively

low

yields,

they

claimed

it

may

fail

to

meet

the

growing

food

demands

of

the

global

population.

In

my

opinion,

a

balanced

strategy

should

be

adopted

to

combine

the

advantages

of

both

conventional

and

organic

farming

methods.▼教材语料整合1.人物描写①celebrity

n.

名人；名流②poverty

n.

贫穷；贫困③Indeed，

his

slim

but

strong

body

was

just

like

that

of

millions

of

Chinese

farmers，to

whom

he

had

devoted

his

life.确实，他瘦削但强壮的身体就像千千万万的中国农民一样，他将自己的一生奉献给了他们。④Even

in

his

later

years，Yuan

Longping

was

still

young

at

heart

and

full

of

vision.即使在晚年，袁隆平依然心态年轻，充满远见。2.情感描写①devote

vt.把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于②intense

adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的③deep

down

在内心深处；本质上；实际上④Yuan

was

convinced

that

the

answer

could

be

found

in

the

creation

of

hybrid

rice.袁隆平坚信答案可以在杂交水稻的创造中被找到。▼语料微语段运用

Yuan

Longping

was

a

man

of

the

earth.

Indeed,

①_______________________（他瘦削但强壮的身体）was

just

like

that

of

millions

of

Chinese

farmers,

to

whom

he

had

devoted

his

life.

Deep

down,

this

devotion

sprang

from

a

profound

love

to

the

earth

itself.②____________________________________［正是对这片土地炽热的爱（强调句）］sustained

his

life.

Even

in

his

later

years,

③_________________________________________（他依然心态年轻，his

slim

but

strong

bodyIt

was

an

intense

love

for

the

soil

thathe

was

still

young

at

heart

and

full

of

vision充满远见）.

At

the

same

time，he

was

profoundly

convinced

that

hybrid

rice

held

the

potential

to

nourish

the

world.

One

day,

he

stood

alone

in

the

trial

field,

④___________________________________［他的身影如稻秆般舒展（比喻+独立主格结构）］,

whispering,

“As

long

as

the

land

breathes,

my

heart

never

retires.”#1

his

shadow

stretching

like

a

rice

stalkTest

1

[四川省绵阳南山中学2026零诊]

A

study

by

the

Barcelona

Supercomputing

Center

（BSC）

identifies

climate

change

as

the

key

driver

behind

unprecedented

short-term

food

price

spikes,

with

cascading

（连锁的）

effects

on

inflation,

health,

and

social

stability.

Published

ahead

of

the

UN

Food

Systems

Summit

in

Ethiopia,

it

highlights

how

extreme

weather

linked

to

emissions

disrupts

crops,

triggering

rapid

price

surges

in

staples.

Analysing

50

global

cases,

the

research

focuses

on

immediate

impacts.

In

2023—2024,

drought

and

extreme

heat

in

cocoa

giants

Ghana

and

Côte

d’Ivoire

pushed

prices

up

300%.

India’s

heatwave

raised

onion

costs

by

89%,

while

the

Republic

of

Korea’s

cabbage

prices

jumped

70%

due

to

erratic

（不稳定的）

rainfall.

Southern

Spain’s

olive

oil

prices

rose

50%

after

prolonged

drought.

Lead

author

Maximilian

Kotz

notes:

“These

shocks

are

historically

unprecedented—temperatures

far

exceed

pre-industrial

norms.”

Such

volatility

（波动性）

is

3—5

times

more

frequent

than

in

the

1980s.

Developed

economies

aren’t

immune.

The

UK’s

June

2024

inflation

hit

3.6%

（above

the

3.4%

forecast）,

driven

by

a

third

straight

monthly

rise

in

food

prices—its

highest

in

18

months.

“Extreme

weather

and

poor

harvests

created

a

perfect

storm,”

says

British

Retail

Consortium’s

Kris

Hamer.

Kotz

warns

of

broader

risks:

“Rising

food

prices

is

the

second

most

visible

climate

impact,

after

extreme

heat.

This

stress

sways

elections,

as

seen

in

last

year’s

US

vote.”

The

study

stresses

urgency

in

reaching

net-zero

emissions.

“Every

degree

of

warming

raises

risks

of

catastrophic

（灾难性的）

price

shocks,”

Kotz

concludes.

“We’re

fighting

for

food

security

and

social

cohesion.”#6【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那超级计算中心（BSC）的一项研究表明，气候变化是前所未有的短期食品价格飙升背后的关键驱动因素，对通货膨胀、健康和社会稳定产生了连锁反应。1.Which

is

NOT

a

consequence

of

climate-driven

food

price

spikes?(

)CA.Social

unrest.B.Higher

inflation

in

developed

nations.C.Reduced

staple

consumption.D.Altered

political

outcomes.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A

study

by

the

Barcelona

Supercomputing

Center

（BSC）

identifies

climate

change

as

the

key

driver

behind

unprecedented

short-term

food

price

spikes,

with

cascading

effects

on

inflation,

health,

and

social

stability.”以及倒数第二段中的“Rising

food

prices

is

the

second

most

visible

climate

impact,

after

extreme

heat.

This

stress

sways

elections,

as

seen

in

last

year’s

US

vote.”可知，主食消费减少不是气候驱动的食品价格飙升的后果。2.The

UK’s

inflation

data

implies

________.(

)CA.developed

nations

avoid

food

price

shocksB.climate

impacts

hit

developing

countries

harderC.food

inflation

destabilises

even

strong

economiesD.the

Bank

of

England

controlled

inflation

effectively【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Developed

economies

aren’t

immune.

The

UK’s

June

2024

inflation

hit

3.6%

（above

the

3.4%

forecast）,

driven

by

a

third

straight

monthly

rise

in

food

prices—its

highest

in

18

months.”可知，英国作为发达经济体，其通货膨胀因食品价格上涨而受到影响。这表明即使是强大的经济体，食品通货膨胀也会使其不稳定。3.The

author’s

attitude

towards

the

study’s

findings

is

________.(

)BA.sceptical

B.alarmed

C.indifferent

D.optimistic【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对研究结果的态度是感到担忧。4.Which

best

captures

the

passage’s

central

theme?(

)CA.Technology’s

role

in

climate

mitigation.B.Extreme

weather

and

supply

chain

disruptions.C.Climate

change’s

immediate

impact

on

food

and

society.D.The

UN’s

efforts

to

address

food

security.【解析】