2026年江苏省北师大版高一英语第12章语法练习题

2026年江苏省北师大版高一英语第12章语法练习题1.Inthe12thchapterofthe2026JiangsuBeishiduSenior1Englishtextbook,thegrammarfocusonthepassivevoiceisprimarilyusedtoemphasizethe______oftheactionratherthantheactor.A.recipientB.intensityC.timingD.purpose（解析：本单元重点讲解被动语态，其核心功能在于突出动作的承受者而非执行者。教材通过例句如"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim"强调"Thebook"是句子的主语，而非"him"。选项B、C、D均与被动语态的语法功能无关，故选A。）2.Therelativeclause"wholivesnextdoor"inthesentence"Thegirl______livesnextdoorismybestfriend"iscorrectlymodifiedby______.A.adefinitearticleB.anindefinitearticleC.noarticleD.apossessivepronoun（解析：教材第12章明确指出，当先行词被限定性定语从句修饰时，无需加冠词。该句中"wholivesnextdoor"明确指代"Thegirl"，符合无冠词修饰条件。选项A、B、D均违反了该语法规则，故选C。）3.Thestructure"Itisimportantthathe______tothemeetingontime"requiresthesubjunctivemoodformoftheverb______.A.shouldattendB.attendC.attendedD.willattend（解析：教材12.3节详细说明，在"Itisimportant/necessary/essentialthat..."句型中，宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，动词需用"should+动词原形"形式，且"should"可省略。例句如"Itisnecessarythatweshouldfinishthetask"印证了该规则。选项B、C、D均不符合虚拟语气要求，故选A。）4.Thecomparativeform"moredifficult"isusedtocompare______inthesentence"Thismathproblemis______thanthatphysicsproblem".A.twoactionsB.twonounsC.twoadjectivesD.anadjectiveandaverb（解析：教材12.1节指出，比较级用于同级比较，即比较两个同类事物。该句中"difficult"是形容词，比较对象"thismathproblem"和"thatphysicsproblem"均为名词。选项A、C、D均存在类型错误，故选B。）5.Thesentence"IfI______you,Iwouldapologizeimmediately"usesthesecondconditionaltoexpressa______situation.A.hypotheticalfutureB.factualpresentC.recommendedactionD.completedpast（解析：教材12.4节强调，第二条件句用于假设性情境，结构为"If+现在时，主句would+动词原形"。该句假设"if"从句的"wereyou"为真实条件，主句表达建议，符合第二条件句特征。选项B、C、D均不符合该句型功能，故选A。）6.Thephrase"suchabeautifulsunset"containsadeterminer"such"thatmodifiestheadjective"beautiful"because______.A."such"indicatesdegreeB."such"isademonstrativeC."such"isapossessiveD."such"isaninterrogative（解析：教材12.2节说明，"such+a/an+adj.+n."结构中，"such"表示程度，相当于"so+adj."。例句如"Suchabighouse"中，"such"强调房屋的巨大程度。选项B、C、D均与该结构功能无关，故选A。）7.Thesentence"Theteacherasked,'Why______youlateforclassyesterday?'"containsaquestiontagthatrequirestheauxiliaryverb______.A.didB.wereC.isD.have（解析：教材12.5节指出，反义疑问句中，若陈述部分主语为第三人称单数，疑问部分需用"does"或"did"。该句陈述部分隐含主语"you"，时态为过去，故用"did"。选项C、D时态错误，选项B未使用助动词，故选A。）8.Thestructure"Iwouldratheryou______nowthanlater"usesthe"wouldrather"clausetoexpressapreferencefor______.A.ahypotheticalpastB.afactualpresentC.apreferredfutureD.animpossiblepresent（解析：教材12.6节说明，"wouldrather"后接从句时，动词需用虚拟语气形式，即动词原形或过去式。该句表达"现在比之后更希望"，符合对未来的偏好表达。选项A、B、D均不符合该结构功能，故选C。）9.Thesentence"Thecommitteeiscomposedofmembers______haveexpertiseineconomics"containsanon-restrictiverelativeclausebecause______.A.itprovidesadditionalinformationB.itmodifiesthesubjectdirectlyC.itisessentialtothemeaningD.itusesarelativepronounwithapreposition（解析：教材12.7节强调，非限定性定语从句用逗号隔开，提供额外信息。该句中"whohaveexpertiseineconomics"补充说明"members"身份，符合非限定性从句特征。选项B、C、D均描述错误，故选A。）10.Theerrorinthesentence"HeistallerthanIamtall"isdueto______.A.incorrectwordorderB.redundantstructureC.parallelismviolationD.subject-verbagreement（解析：教材12.8节指出，比较级结构中，若比较对象为同一主语的不同方面，需保持平行结构。正确形式为"HeistallerthanI"，若改为"HeistallerthanIamtall"则重复。选项A、C、D均不存在错误，故选B。）1.Thepassivevoicestructure"Theexperiment______bythestudentslastweek"requiresthecorrectverbformtocompletethesentence.______（参考答案：wasconducted）（解析：根据教材12.2节，被动语态结构为"be+过去分词"，主语"theexperiment"为单数，时态为过去，故填"wasconducted"。）2.Thesentence"Sheisthemost______personIhaveevermet"requiresthecorrectsuperlativeformoftheadjective"amazing"tocompletethesentence.______（参考答案：amazing）（解析：教材12.1节说明，最高级前必须加"the"，且形容词需用原级形式。该句结构符合最高级用法，故填"amazing"。）3.Thesubjunctivemoodform"he______presentatthemeeting"isrequiredtocompletethesentenceaccordingtotherulethatstates"Itisimportantthat...".______（参考答案：be）（解析：教材12.3节指出，在"Itisimportantthat..."句型中，宾语从句需用虚拟语气，动词用"should+原形"，"should"可省略。故填"be"。）4.Thenon-restrictiverelativeclause"______livesnextdoor"shouldbeaddedtothesentence"Myneighborisateacher"toprovideadditionalinformationabouttheneighbor.______（参考答案：who/that）（解析：教材12.7节说明，非限定性从句用逗号隔开，修饰整个先行词。该句需补充说明"neighbor"身份，可用"who"或"that"，故填"who/that"。）5.Thesecondconditionalsentence"IfI______rich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld"expressesahypotheticalfuturesituation,requiringthecorrectverbformtocompletethe"if"clause.______（参考答案：were）（解析：教材12.4节强调，第二条件句假设部分用虚拟语气，若主语为第三人称单数，动词用"were"，故填"were"。）6.Thestructure"such______interestingbooks"requiresthecorrectdeterminertomodifythepluralnoun"books"accordingtotherulethatstates"such+a/an+adj.+n.".______（参考答案：a）（解析：教材12.2节说明，"such"前必须加冠词，且根据"books"为复数，需用不定冠词"a"，故填"a"。）7.Thequestiontaginthesentence"Youhavefinishedthereport,______?"requiresthecorrectauxiliaryverbtoformanegativequestiontagbecausethemainclausehasapositiveauxiliaryverb.______（参考答案：haven't）（解析：教材12.5节指出，反义疑问句中，若陈述部分有助动词，疑问部分用助动词的否定形式。该句主语为"you"，助动词为"have"，故填"haven't"。）8.The"wouldrather"clauseinthesentence"Iwouldratheryou______now"requiresthecorrectverbformtoexpressapreferenceforanimmediateaction.______（参考答案：come）（解析：教材12.6节说明，"wouldrather"后接从句时，动词用原形。该句表达对"now"行动的偏好，故填"come"。）9.Theerrorinthesentence"Sheistallerthansheistall"isduetotheviolationoftherulethatstates"______mustbeparallelincomparativestructures".______（参考答案：comparativeelements）（解析：教材12.8节强调，比较级结构中各比较成分需平行。该句重复使用"tall"，违反平行原则，故填"comparativeelements"。）10.Thepassivevoicestructure"Themeeting______nextTuesday"requiresthecorrectfutureformoftheverb"tohold"tocompletethesentenceaccordingtotherulethatstates"be+todo"forfuturepassive.______（参考答案：willbeheld）（解析：教材12.2节补充说明，将来时被动语态用"be+todo"，主语"themeeting"为单数，时态为将来，故填"willbeheld"。）1.Thesentence"Thebookwhichwaswrittenbyhimisveryinteresting"containsarestrictiverelativeclausebecauseitidentifiesthespecificbook.______（正确）（解析：教材12.7节指出，限定性从句用"that/which"引导，且不与逗号隔开，用于限定先行词。该句从句明确指代"Thebook"，符合限定性从句特征。）2.Thesubjunctivemoodisalwaysrequiredinsentenceswith"Itisnecessarythat...".______（错误）（解析：教材12.3节说明，"Itisnecessarythat..."句型中，宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，但"should"可省略。例句如"Itisnecessarythatwefinishthetask"中可省略"should"，故该命题错误。）3.Thecomparativeform"moreintelligent"iscorrectwhencomparingtwopeople'sintelligencelevels.______（错误）（解析：教材12.1节指出，比较级用于同级比较，且"intelligent"为抽象名词，不可直接比较。正确形式为"moreintelligentof"，故该命题错误。）4.Thestructure"Isuggestthatheshouldleavenow"isgrammaticallycorrectaccordingtotherulethatstates"wouldrather"requiresthesubjunctivemood.______（错误）（解析：该句错误在于"should"多余，"suggest"后接宾语从句时，动词用虚拟语气形式"（should）+动词原形"。正确形式为"Isuggestthatheleavenow"，故该命题错误。）5.Thenon-restrictiverelativeclause"wholivesinNewYork"canberemovedfromthesentence"Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor"withoutchangingthecoremeaning.______（正确）（解析：教材12.7节说明，非限定性从句提供额外信息，可移除而不影响主句意义。该句从句补充说明"Mybrother"，符合非限定性从句功能，故该命题正确。）6.Thequestiontag"don'tyou"iscorrectforthesentence"Youaretired,______?"becausethemainclausehasapositiveauxiliaryverb.______（正确）（解析：教材12.5节指出，若陈述部分有助动词，疑问部分用助动词的否定形式。该句主语为"you"，助动词为"are"，故填"don'tyou"，故该命题正确。）7.Thesentence"HeistallerthanIthinkheis"isgrammaticallycorrectbecauseitusesparallelstructuresinbothclauses.______（正确）（解析：教材12.8节强调，比较级结构中各比较成分需平行。该句两个分句均使用"tallerthan"结构，符合平行原则，故该命题正确。）8.Thepassivevoice"Thereportwillbewrittentomorrow"isincorrectbecausethefuturepassiveshoulduse"betodo".______（错误）（解析：教材12.2节说明，将来时被动语态可用"willbedone"或"betodo"两种形式。该句用"willbewritten"完全正确，故该命题错误。）9.Thestructure"suchbeautifulflowers"isincorrectbecauseitlacksadeterminerbefore"beautiful".______（正确）（解析：教材12.2节指出，"such+a/an+adj.+n."结构中，"such"前必须加冠词。该句缺少不定冠词，故该命题正确。）10.Thesecondconditionalsentence"IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdothat"isincorrectbecauseitshouldexpressahypotheticalpresentsituation.______（错误）（解析：该句正确使用了第二条件句结构，表达对现在情况的假设。第二条件句可假设现在或未来情况，故该命题错误。）1.Accordingtothe12thchapteroftheJiangsuBeishiduSenior1Englishtextbook,explainthedifferencebetweenrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauseswithexamples.（参考答案：Restrictiverelativeclausesidentifyessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodifyandarenotseparatedbycommas,e.g.,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."Non-restrictiverelativeclausesprovideadditionalbutnon-essentialinformationandareseparatedbycommas,e.g.,"Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor."Thekeydifferenceisthepresenceorabsenceofacommaandthenecessityoftheclauseforidentifyingthenoun.）（解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需区分两类型从句的语法特征（逗号、必要性），并给出教材范围内的典型例句。解析需补充说明从句功能差异对句子意义的影响。）2.Describethestructureandusageofthesubjunctivemoodinsentenceswith"Itisimportantthat..."accordingtotherulesinthe12thchapter.（参考答案：Thesubjunctivemoodin"Itisimportantthat..."requirestheverbtobeinthebaseformorpastform.Example:"Itisimportantthatwe(should)finishthetaskontime."Thepastform"should"isoptionalandoftenomitted.Thisstructureexpressesnecessityorstrongimportance,andtheclausemustbeintroducedby"that."）（解析：本题考查教材12.3节内容。答案需说明虚拟语气形式（原形/过去式）、"should"用法，并给出典型例句。解析需补充说明该结构与其他类似结构（如"Itisnecessarythat..."）的异同。）3.Explainwhythesentence"HeistallerthanIamtall"isgrammaticallyincorrectaccordingtotheparallelismrulesinthe12thchapter.（参考答案：Thesentenceisincorrectbecauseitviolatesparallelismincomparativestructures.Thecorrectformshouldbe"HeistallerthanIam,"wherebothpartsofthecomparisonareparallel("taller"vs."amtall").Repeating"tall"createsredundancyandbreaksthegrammaticalbalancerequiredincomparisons.）（解析：本题考查教材12.8节内容。答案需指出平行结构要求，并对比正确形式。解析需补充说明平行结构在比较级中的重要性，以及常见错误类型。）4.Describethefunctionofthestructure"such+a/an+adj.+n."asexplainedinthe12thchapter,withanexample.（参考答案：Thisstructureemphasizesthedegreeofanadjectivebeforeasingularnoun.Example:"Suchabeautifulsunset"emphasizestheexceptionalbeautyofthesunset.Thedeterminer"a"isrequiredbeforethesingularnoun,and"such"indicatesahighdegreeofthequalitydescribedbytheadjective.）（解析：本题考查教材12.2节内容。答案需说明结构功能（强调程度）、语法要求（冠词位置），并给出典型例句。解析需补充说明该结构与"So+adj.+a/an+n."的等效用法。）5.Whyistheauxiliaryverb"did"usedinthequestiontag"Youhavefinishedthereport,didn'tyou?"accordingtotherulesinthe12thchapter?（参考答案：Theauxiliaryverb"did"isusedbecausethemainclausehasapositiveauxiliaryverb"have."Thequestiontagmustmatchtheauxiliaryverbinthemainclause,notthemainverb.Thisruleappliesregardlessofthesubject,e.g.,"Youaretired,aren'tyou?"uses"are"inthetag.）（解析：本题考查教材12.5节内容。答案需说明疑问部分与助动词的对应关系，并举例说明不同主语情况。解析需补充说明该规则与主谓一致无关，仅与助动词形式相关。）6.Explainthemeaningofthestructure"Iwouldratheryoucomenow"accordingtothe12thchapter.（参考答案：Thisstructureexpressesastrongpreferenceforapresentaction.Thesubjunctivemood"come"indicatesthatthespeakerprefersthelistenertocomeimmediatelyratherthanlater."Wouldrather"clausesalwaysusethesubjunctivemood,regardlessofthemainclausetense.）（解析：本题考查教材12.6节内容。答案需说明结构功能（表达偏好）、虚拟语气要求，并对比其他类似结构（如"Iwouldratheryouhadcome"）。解析需补充说明该结构对时态的独立性。）7.Describetheerrorinthesentence"Thecommitteeiscomposedofmemberswhohaveexpertiseineconomics"andhowtocorrectitifnecessary.（参考答案：Thesentenceisgrammaticallycorrectaswritten.Therelativeclause"whohaveexpertiseineconomics"isnon-restrictivebecauseitprovidesadditionalinformationabout"members"withoutidentifyingthem.Acommaiscorrectlyusedbefore"who."Nocorrectionisneeded.）（解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需判断句子正误，并说明理由（非限定性从句特征）。解析需补充说明如何识别限定性从句（无逗号、必要性）。）8.Accordingtothe12thchapter,whatisthecorrectwaytoformafuturepassivesentencewiththeverb"towrite"?（参考答案：Thecorrectfuturepassivestructureis"be+todo."Example:"Thereportwillbewrittentomorrow."Alternatively,"be+todo"canbeused:"Thereportistobewrittentomorrow."Bothformsaregrammaticallycorrect,but"willbewritten"ismorecommon.）（解析：本题考查教材12.2节补充内容。答案需说明两种将来时被动语态形式，并给出例句。解析需补充说明两种形式的适用场景和语体差异。）1.Rewritethesentence"ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting"tomaketherelativeclausenon-restrictive,andexplainthechange.（参考答案：Rewritten:"Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting."Explanation:Thechangeinvolvesaddingacommabefore"which"andremovingtheword"that."Thistransformstheclausefromrestrictive(identifyingthespecificbook)tonon-restrictive(providingadditionalinformationaboutthebook).）（解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需改写句子，并解释语法变化（逗号、关系代词）。解析需补充说明从句功能对句子意义的影响。）2.Completethesentence"IfI______rich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld"toexpressahypotheticalfuturesituation,andexplaintheverbformused.（参考答案：Completed:"IfIwererich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld."Explanation:Theverb"were"isusedinthe"if"clausebecausethisisasecondconditional,whichrequiresthesubjunctivemoodforhypotheticalpresentorfuturesituations."Were"isthecorrectformforthird-personsingularsubjunctive.）（解析：本题考查教材12.4节内容。答案需补全句子，并解释虚拟语气形式。解析需补充说明第二条件句的适用场景和常见错误（如用"was"）。）3.Rewritethesentence"SheistallerthanIthinksheistall"tocorrecttheparallelismerror,andexplainthecorrection.（参考答案：Rewritten:"SheistallerthanIthinksheis."Explanation:Theerroristherepetitionof"istall."Thecorrectioninvolvesremovingthesecond"is"tomaintainparallelstructurebetweenthetwopartsofthecomparison("taller"vs."is").）（解析：本题考查教材12.8节内容。答案需改写句子，并解释平行结构要求。解析需补充说明比较级中各比较成分需保持一致的语法形式。）4.Completethesentence"Theexperiment______bythestudentslastweek"usingthecorrectpassivevoiceform.（参考答案：Completed:"Theexperimentwasconductedbythestudentslastweek."Explanation:Thepassivevoicerequires"be+pastparticiple."Sincethesubject"theexperiment"issingularandthetimeispast,"wasconducted"iscorrect.）（解析：本题考查教材12.2节内容。答案需补全句子，并解释被动语态形式。解析需补充说明主语数和时态对被动语态的影响。）5.Completethesentence"Iwouldratheryou______nowthanlater"toexpressapreferenceforanimmediateaction,andexplaintheverbformused.（参考答案：Completed:"Iwouldratheryoucomenowthanlater."Explanation:Theverb"come"isusedinthesubjunctivemoodbecause"wouldrather"alwaysrequiresthebaseformoftheverb,regardlessofthemainclausetense.）（解析：本题考查教材12.6节内容。答案需补全句子，并解释虚拟语气形式。解析需补充说明该结构与其他类似结构（如"wouldprefer"）的异同。）6.Rewritethesentence"Theteacherasked,'Why______youlateforclassyesterday?'"tocorrectthequestiontag,andexplaintheerror.（参考答案：Rewritten:"Theteacherasked,'Whywereyoulateforclassyesterday?'"Explanation:Theerroristheuseof"are"inthetag.Sincethemainclausehasthepasttense"were,"thequestiontagmustmatchtheauxiliaryverb,notthemainverb.）（解析：本题考查教材12.5节内容。答案需改写句子，并解释疑问部分与助动词的对应关系。解析需补充说明该规则与主谓一致无关。）7.Completethesentence"Thecommitteeiscomposedofmembers______haveexpertiseineconomics"tomaketherelativeclausenon-restrictive,andexplainthechange.（参考答案：Completed:"Thecommitteeiscomposedofmembers,whohaveexpertiseineconomics."Explanation:Thechangeinvolvesaddingacommabefore"who"andremovingtheword"that."Thistransformstheclausefromrestrictive(identifyingspecificmembers)tonon-restrictive(providingadditionalinformation).）（解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需补全句子，并解释语法变化。解析需补充说明从句功能对句子意义的影响。）8.Completethesentence"Thepassivevoicestructure'Thereport______nextTuesday'requiresthecorrectfutureformoftheverb'tohold'tocompletethesentenceaccordingtotherulethatstates'be+todo'forfuturepassive."（参考答案：Completed:"Thepassivevoicestructure'ThereportwillbeheldnextTuesday'requiresthecorrectfutureformoftheverb'tohold'tocompletethesentenceaccordingtotherulethatstates'be+todo'forfuturepassive."Explanation:Thefuturepassivestructureis"be+todo,"so"willbeheld"iscorrect.）（解析：本题考查教材12.2节补充内容。答案需补全句子，并解释将来时被动语态形式。解析需补充说明两种形式的适用场景。）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.C3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.C9.B10.B（解析：第1题考查被动语态功能；第2题考查限定性定语从句；第3题考查虚拟语气；第4题考查比较级用法；第5题考查第二条件句；第6题考查冠词用法；第7题考查反义疑问句；第8题考查虚拟语气；第9题考查比较级平行结构；第10题考查冗余结构错误。）二、填空题1.wasconducted2.amazing3.be4.who/that5.were6.a7.haven't8.coming9.comparativeelements10.willbeheld（解析：第1题考查被动语态；第2题考查最高级用法；第3题考查虚拟语气；第4题考查非限定性定语从句；第5题考查第二条件句；第6题考查"such+a/an+adj.+n."结构；第7题考查反义疑问句；第8题考查虚拟语气；第9题考查平行结构；第10题考查将来时被动语态。）三、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.×5.√6.√7.√8.×9.√10.×（解析：第1题考查限定性定语从句；第2题考查虚拟语气；第3题考查比较级用法；第4题考查虚拟语气；第5题考查非限定性定语从句；第6题考查反义疑问句；第7题考查平行结构；第8题考查将来时被动语态；第9题考查"such+a/an+adj.+n."结构；第10题考查第二条件句。）四、简答题1.参考答案：Restrictiverelativeclausesidentifyessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodifyandarenotseparatedbycommas,e.g.,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."Non-restrictiverelativeclausesprovideadditionalbutnon-essentialinformationandareseparatedbycommas,e.g.,"Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor."Thekeydifferenceisthepresenceorabsenceofacommaandthenecessityoftheclauseforidentifyingthenoun.解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需区分两类型从句的语法特征（逗号、必要性），并给出典型例句。解析需补充说明从句功能对句子意义的影响。2.参考答案：Thesubjunctivemoodin"Itisimportantthat..."requirestheverbtobeinthebaseformorpastform.Example:"Itisimportantthatwe(should)finishthetaskontime."Thepastform"should"isoptionalandoftenomitted.Thisstructureexpressesnecessityorstrongimportance,andtheclausemustbeintroducedby"that."解析：本题考查教材12.3节内容。答案需说明虚拟语气形式（原形/过去式）、"should"用法，并给出典型例句。解析需补充说明该结构与其他类似结构（如"Itisnecessarythat..."）的异同。3.参考答案：Thesentenceisincorrectbecauseitviolatesparallelismincomparativestructures.Thecorrectformshouldbe"HeistallerthanIam,"wherebothpartsofthecomparisonareparallel("taller"vs."amtall").Repeating"tall"createsredundancyandbreaksthegrammaticalbalancerequiredincomparisons.解析：本题考查教材12.8节内容。答案需指出平行结构要求，并对比正确形式。解析需补充说明平行结构在比较级中的重要性，以及常见错误类型。4.参考答案：Thisstructureemphasizesthedegreeofanadjectivebeforeasingularnoun.Example:"Suchabeautifulsunset"emphasizestheexceptionalbeautyofthesunset.Thedeterminer"a"isrequiredbeforethesingularnoun,and"such"indicatesahighdegreeofthequalitydescribedbytheadjective.解析：本题考查教材12.2节内容。答案需说明结构功能（强调程度）、语法要求（冠词位置），并给出典型例句。解析需补充说明该结构与"So+adj.+a/an+n."的等效用法。5.参考答案：Theauxiliaryverb"did"isusedbecausethemainclausehasapositiveauxiliaryverb"have."Thequestiontagmustmatchtheauxiliaryverbinthemainclause,notthemainverb.Thisruleappliesregardlessofthesubject,e.g.,"Youaretired,aren'tyou?"uses"are"inthetag.解析：本题考查教材12.5节内容。答案需说明疑问部分与助动词的对应关系，并举例说明不同主语情况。解析需补充说明该规则与主谓一致无关，仅与助动词形式相关。6.参考答案：Thisstructureexpressesastrongpreferenceforapresentaction.Thesubjunctivemood"come"indicatesthatthespeakerprefersthelistenertocomeimmediatelyratherthanlater."Wouldrather"clausesalwaysusethesubjunctivemood,regardlessofthemainclausetense.解析：本题考查教材12.6节内容。答案需说明结构功能（表达偏好）、虚拟语气要求，并对比其他类似结构（如"Iwouldratheryouhadcome"）。解析需补充说明该结构对时态的独立性。7.参考答案：Thesentenceisgrammaticallycorrectaswritten.Therelativeclause"whohaveexpertiseineconomics"isnon-restrictivebecauseitprovidesadditionalinformationabout"members"withoutidentifyingthem.Acommaiscorrectlyusedbefore"who."Nocorrectionisneeded.解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需判断句子正误，并说明理由（非限定性从句特征）。解析需补充说明如何识别限定性从句（无逗号、必要性）。8.参考答案：Thecorrectfuturepassivestructureis"be+todo."Example:"Thereportwillbewrittentomorrow."Alternatively,"be+todo"canbeused:"Thereportistobewrittentomorrow."Bothformsaregrammaticallycorrect,but"willbewritten"ismorecommon.解析：本题考查教材12.2节补充内容。答案需说明两种将来时被动语态形式，并给出例句。解析需补充说明两种形式的适用场景和语体差异。五、应用题1.参考答案：Rewritten:"Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting."Explanation:Thechangeinvolvesaddingacommabefore"which"andremovingtheword"that."Thistransformstheclausefromrestrictive(identifyingthespecificbook)tonon-restrictive(providingadditionalinformationaboutthebook).解析：本题考查教材12.7节内容。答案需改写句子，并解释语法变化（逗号、关系代词）。解析需补充说明从句功能对句子意义的影响。2.参考答案：Completed:"If