汽车装配工艺现状 发展趋势和市场预测外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

PAGE37APPENDIXCarassemblytechniquesituationandthedevelopmenttrendofthemarketforecast[abstract]thearticleexpoundsauto,engine,transmission,andotherkeypartsassemblyprocessequipmentmanufacturelevelofgeneralsituationandthepresentsituation,andforthenextfiveyearsofautomotiveassemblyprocessequipmentdemandforecastingisanalyzed.(pricelesscowsbackIdon'tneedtohesitate)1.Theengine,transmission,rearaxleofkeypartsandwholevehicleassemblyprocessequipment1.1engineassemblyprocessequipmentWiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'sautomotiveindustry,especiallyinthetechnologyandtheintroductionofforeignsecond-handequipmenttomaketheengineofrecycle,assemblyequipmentlevelincreasedsignificantly.Engineassemblytechnologyandequipmentaredividedintofivetypes:assemblyandpointsassemblyassemblyline;Moveoverloadequipment;Automatictightequipment;Specialassemblyequipmentandtestingequipment.1.1.1engineassemblylinetypeanddevelopment(mainstreamcapitalrealpurpose,analysisfoundthatthebestprofitopportunities!)Everydomesticenginemanufacturingenterprisetheengineassemblylinetypemore,canbereducedtoroughly;Freegroove+doublechainbridgecartype;Freegroove+anti-sheartractiongroundtrackcartype;Freegroove+takewiththegroundplatestent;Freegroove+anti-sheartractiongroundtrackcartype+takewiththestentboardtype;Hangingchain,etc.Allofthesearethemainassemblylineforcompulsorywater(continuousorbatch),andtheoperationofthemainassemblyobjectisconsistentwiththesynchronization),iscalled(synchronousassemblylineorrigidassemblyline.Alongwiththedevelopmentofthecarindustry,engineassemblylineisfromrigidtotheflexibleassemblylineassemblylinedirectiondevelopment,flexibleassemblylineischaracteristicoftheassemblycanbeatwithinacertainrangeoffreeadjustment,canachievemorevarietiesmixedflowproductionandadapttothechangeofproductionprogram.Andbecauseintheassemblyoperationsassemblyobjectandtheassemblyworkersremainedrelativelystaticstate,toensurethehighqualityoftheassemblyandusingspecialassemblyequipmentprovidesconvenientconditions,iseasytorealizetheautomationoftheassembly.Sooftheintroductionofdomesticcarmotorassemblylineadoptedtheflexibleassemblyline(i.e.asynchronousassemblyline).Atpresentdomesticusedforengineassemblyasynchronousassemblyline,themaintypeshavesingleGunGangtype,frictionforflexiblerollertype,doublerollerchainplateandscales,etc.OfGeneralfromtheUnitedStatesandJapanimportedengineasynchronousassemblylineforfrictionflexiblerollertype,suchasfawtwohairanddays;ImportedfromGermanengineasynchronousassemblylineforthesingleGunGangtype,suchasforShanghaiVolkswagenandfawVolkswagen.Thebigassembly(medium)asynchronousassemblylineinChina'sdevelopment,alongwithintroducingcartechnologyandforeignsecond-handequipmentreuseanddeveloped.Beijinginternalcombustionengineplantandfawengineplantinthe80swereintroducedAmericangeneralmotors2.0LengineproductionlineandtheChrysler488engineproductionline,thistwoproductionlinesinassemblyandpointsoftheassemblylineistheassemblysynchronousassemblyline.ThistimecansayflexibleassemblylineisChina'ssmallandmedium-sizedmachineryintheassemblyproductiontoapplicationafterthenewChina,severallargemotorplant,suchasShanghaiVolkswagen,fawVolkswagen,tianjininternalcombustionenginefactoryassemblylinesareusedtointroducetheengineofasynchronousassemblyline.AfewequipmentmanufacturerinChinathroughtheimportedtechnologydigestionabsorption,alreadycanbedesignedandmadeforthesmallandmedium-sizedmachineryasynchronousassemblyline,andusedintheproduction.Butwiththeintroductionofequipment,thereisstillagapcompared,themainproblemsandtechnicaldifficultiesispoorreliability,therollandGunGangwear-resistingoflowintensity,andaffecttheservicelifeofequipment.Atpresentthedeviceisstilltointroduceprimarily,thereforeinthisrespecthasyettobedevelopedfurther,thedomesticequipmentwillmakethecostofproductionlineisgreatlyreducedandsoinourcountryarewidedevelopmentprospects.1.1.2engineassemblylineofthespecialassemblyequipmentandtestingequipmentTheapplicationoftheflexibleassemblylinetoensurethatproductsofhighqualityandhighproductivityspecialassemblymachinecreatedtheconditions.InthecarengineassemblyusedwidelyintheDuoTousettorquebolt(mother)tighteningmachine(alsocalledassemblymachine).Tightmethodusingthecontroltorque-cornermethod,thismethodiscurrentlytheworld'smostadvancedthreadedconnectionmethod.Inadditiontothevalvetobeautomaticassemblymachine,assemblymanipulator,automaticgluemachine,theequipmentthatthedomesticengineassemblytechnologylevelclosetotheinternationaladvancedlevel.Inthecarengineassembly,someimportantjointsurface(suchasoilpan,waterpumpshell,etcandcylindersurface),thecombinedwithrubbersealnewcraft,replacewiththeshimbetweensurface,whichsimplifiestheproductionprocessandalsotoimprovethesealquality.Inthekeyassemblyprocedurewithspecialinspectionafterusingautomateddetectionequipment,locationofassemblyqualitycontrol,suchasthecrankshaftrotatingtorqueandaxialclearancecheckassemblysealingchecketc.,Mainengineassemblyequipmentandthecurrentdomesticproductionlevelseetable1.Table1engineassemblymainequipmentandthecurrentdomesticproductionlevelSerialnumberdevicenamedomesticmanufacturinglevel1engineassemblyasynchronousassemblylinecandesignandmanufacture,butlowquality,theservicelifeisshort,2thesynchronizationofcylinderassemblylinecurrentuseoftheequipmentandtheintroductionofmainly.3thepistonconnectingrodasynchronousassemblyline4gasdoorlockinstalledclamppressure5thesparkplugcatheterpressureinstalled6pistonassemblymachinedesignandmanufacturing,anddomestictoreliablequality,butnotnow7thepistonpinpressurehaveprofessionalproductionfactory,installedproductiontodisperse,influencetheoveralllevelequipment8blockturnconnectingimprove,currentuseoftheequipmenttodomesticmanufacturingprimarily.9thepistoninserttheturntable10turntransfercarrieraircraft11engineNumbersprinter12theLordbearingcoverboltstightmachinecandesignandmanufacture,butlowquality,highfailurerate.13theconnectingrodbolttightenedathomeforsomefactorymachinetosavetheinvestmentofthekeytotightenhead14theoilpanistightenboltsintroduction,bodypartmachinemanufactureitsown,basiccanmeettouse15totightenboltsforcylinderheadmachine.Currentuseoftheequipmentfortheintroductionofmorethan95%.16theflywheelbolttightmachine17afteroilpanandoilsealgluemachinecandesignandmanufacture,butlowquality,highfailurerate.Atpresentdomesticsomefactoryasthekeytosavetheinvestmentofthemeasuredseal18thecrankshaftrotarytorquetestingmachinewithoutatryintroduction,bodypartsmanufactureitsown,basiccanmeet19valveandcathetersealingtestingmachinesuserequirement.Currentuseoftheequipmentmorethan95%20engineassemblyandtestingmachinesealingintroduction.21valveclearanceadjustmentmachine1.1.3enginetestequipmentfactoryTheenginetestengineproductsofthefactoryisfinalinspection,inlargeproduction,inordertoincreasetheproductionefficiencyandaccuracyofthetestdata,theenginetest-bedsystemtothefactoryautomationsystem,automatictestbenchdevelopmentfactorytest-bedsystemmainlyincludesthreeaspectsofcontent.(1)teststandardprocedurecontrolandvariousdataautomatictest.Throughtheprogramcontrol,theenginecanbesetaccordingtotheprogramautomaticallyaccordingtotherequirementofthespecificationscompletetestandautomaticmeasurementanddataanalysis,andallkindsofjudgmentmeasurementdatastoredinacomputerinside.(2)thetest-bedautomaticrapidconvergence.Quickconnectiontestinaveryshorttimetofinishthevariouspipeautomaticquickconnection;Theenginetestbenchintheautomaticpositioningandclamping;Thedriveshaftautomaticdockingandaseriesofactions,andrealizethetestbenchtestinstallationofautomation,reducingtheconnectioninthetestofauxiliarytime.(3)theengineautomaticconveyer.Thefactorytestautomationisthethirdpartofthecontentandautomationtest-bedforsupportingtheautomaticconveyerline,linetypegenerallyUSEStheproductputtypefrictionrollerconveyorline.Itisequippedwithtransportation,storageandthefunctionofautomaticidentification,thecontrolsystembasedonthebedputforwardfeedingsequenceoftestbenchandthematerialontheslipperyreservoirinventories,thejudgerecognitionengineconveyingthesignsonthetray,automaticpilottestwillbetheenginetoneededtestbenchorstorematerialontheslippery,willtestthequalifiedenginetoreferralpoint,testunqualifiedenginetorepairstationwillbeemptytray,automaticbacktoonlinepoints.Automaticfactorytest-bedsysteminChina,beganinthe80s,whensomedomesticlargeattheendofthecarfactoryhasintroducedasmallenginetest-bedfactoryautomation,suchasBeijingjeepcarlimitedcompanytointroducetheIngersollrandautomationtest-bed.Someequipmentmanufacturerindigestimportedtechnologybasis,combiningwiththeactualsituationofChinaimportedequipment,thegenericnowstand,testspecificationofprocedurecontrol,thetestdataofautomatictestingtechnologyandautomatictransmissiontechnologyinourcountryismature,andhaveafewmanufacturertodesign,manufactureandapplicationinproduction.Technicaldifficultiesisrapidconvergencetechnology,especiallythedriveshaftrapidconvergenceoftorsionalvibrationresistanceandresistancetotheexcitedselfvibrationtechnology,thistechnologyistobefurtherperfected.Iftheequipmentcanlocalizationwillmaketheircostgreatlyreducepricesforimportedequipment,onlyoneoverten,soinChinawillhavebroaddevelopmentprospects.

附录汽车装配工艺现状发展趋势和市场预测[摘要]全面阐述了汽车整车、发动机、变速器等关键零部件装配工艺装备概况及制造水平现状，并对未来五年汽车装配工艺装备需求情况进行了分析预测。(千金难买牛回头我不需再犹豫)1.发动机、变速器、后桥等关键零部件及整车装配工艺装备1.1发动机装配工艺装备随着中国汽车工业的快速发展，特别是引进技术和国外二手设备的再利用，使发动机装配的设备水平大幅度提高。发动机装配工艺装备主要分为五个类型：总成和分总成装配线；移载翻转设备；自动拧紧设备；专用装配设备和检测设备。1.1.1发动机装配线的型式及发展(剖析主流资金真实目的，发现最佳获利机会！)国内各发动机制造企业所采用的发动机装配线型式较多，大致可归纳为；自由滚道＋双链桥架小车式；自由滚道＋单链牵引地面轨道小车式；自由滚道＋带随行支架地面板式；自由滚道＋单链牵引地面轨道小车式＋带随行支架地面板式；悬挂链式等。以上各装配线的主线皆为强制流水(连续或间歇)，装配对象与主线的运行是一致的(同步)，故称为同步装配线或刚性装配线。随着汽车工业的发展，发动机装配线正由刚性装配线向柔性装配线方向发展，柔性装配线的特点是装配节拍可以在一定的范围内自由调整，可以实现多品种混流生产并适应生产纲领的变化。又由于在装配作业时装配对象和装配工人保持相对静止状态，对保证装配的高质量及采用专门的装配设备提供了方便的条件，便于实现装配的自动化。因此国内引进的轿车发动机装配线均采用了柔性装配线(即非同步装配线)。目前国内用于发动机装配非同步装配线主要型式有，纵置单滚杠式、摩擦式机动辊道式、双链滚轮式和鳞板式等。一般从美国和日本引进的发动机非同步装配线为摩擦式机动辊道式，如一汽二发和天内；从德国引进的发动机非同步装配线为纵置单滚杠式，如上海大众和一汽大众。大总成(中型)非同步装配线在中国的发展，是随着引进轿车技术和国外二手设备再利用而发展起来的。北京内燃机厂和一汽第二发动机厂在80年代末分别引进的美国通用汽车公司2.0L发动机生产线及美国克莱斯勒公司的488发动机生产线，该两条生产线上总成和分总成装配线采用的就是非同步装配线。这一时间可以说柔性装配线已经在中国中小型机械的装配生产中得以应用，以后国内新建的几个大型发动机厂，如上海大众、一汽大众、天津内燃机厂等发动机装配生产线均采用引进的非同步装配线。我国少数设备生产厂通过对引进技术的消化吸收，已能自行设计和制造这种用于中小机械的非同步装配线，并用于生产中。但与引进的设备相比还有一定的差距，主要问题和技术难点是可靠性差，辊子和滚杠耐磨强度低，影响设备的使用寿命。目前这种设备仍以引进为主，因此在这方面还有待于进一步研制，采用国产设备将使生产线的成本大大降低，因此在我国有广泛的发展前景。1.1.2发动机装配线上的专用装配设备和检测设备柔性装配线的应用为确保产品高质量、高生产率的专用装配机创造了条件。在轿车发动机装配中普遍地采用了定扭矩的多头螺栓(母)扭紧机(也称装配机)。拧紧方法采用控制扭矩—转角法，这种方法是目前世界上最先进的螺纹连接方法。此外还采用气门自动装配机、装配机械手、自动涂胶机等设备，这些设备的采用使国内发动机装配技术水平接近了国外先进水平。在轿车发动机装配中，一些重要的结合面(如油底壳、水泵壳等与缸体结合面)，采用了涂密封胶新工艺，取代结合面间的垫片，既简化了生产工艺又提高了密封质量。在关键的装配工序后都设有专门的检查工位，采用自动化检测设备控制装配质量，例如曲轴旋转力矩及轴向间隙的检查、总成密封性检查等。发动机装配主要设备和目前国内制造水平见表1。表1发动机装配主要设备和目前国内制造水平序号设备名称国内制造水平1发动机总成非同步装配线能够设计制造，但质量不过关，使用寿命短，2缸盖非同步装配线目前使用的该类设备以引进为主。3活塞连杆非同步装配线4气门锁夹压装机5火花塞导管压装机6活塞环装配机国内能够设计制造，并且质量可靠，但目前没7活塞销压装机有专业生产厂，生产分散，影响设备整体水平8缸体翻转机提高，目前使用的该类设备以国内制造为主。9活塞插入横转台10翻转移载机