什么是燃油检测外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录AWhatarefuelmappingcomputers?Beforewecangetintoadiscussionaboutfuelmapping,youhavetohavetoknowabitaboutelectronicfuelinjection(EFI).What'sthat?Toputitsimply,it'sacomputerizedsystemthattakesoverwhereyouroldcarburetorleftoff,regulatingthemixofairandfuelinyourenginetokeepitrunningsmoothly.Toomuchfuel,andyou'rewastinggas.Toolittle,andyoucoulddamageyourengine.Fordecades,fuelregulationwashandledbythecarburetor.Inthelate1950s,carswithoptionalelectronicfuelinjectioncameonthescene,andbythe1990s,EFIwascommon.Today,almostallnewcarshaveEFIsystemsinsteadofcarburetors.ThefuelmapistheEFIsystem'ssettingforregulatingtheair/fuelmix.Themaphasthreegoals:Optimizeperformance--forbetterspeedandaccelerationOptimizefueleconomy--togetthebestgasmileageOptimizeemissions--toeliminateasmanywasteparticlesfromthetailpipeaspossibleNext,we'llmapoutthepartsthatmakeupthisintricatecomputerizedsystem.Understandingfuelmappingtechnologyismucheasierifyouknowtheterritory.ThecenterofthewholeEFIsystem,whichcontrolsthefuelmap,istheenginecontrolunit(ECU).Thinkofthiscomponentasthecar'sbrain.SensorslocatedintheengineandthroughouttherestofthevehiclesendinformationtotheECU.TheECUinterpretsthisinformationandusesittokeepthecarworkingatitsbest.TheECUlookslikeablackplasticboxwiththeelectronicbrainsinside.Itslocationvarieswildlybymanufacturer.SomeputtheECUintheenginecompartmentnearthebattery,someputitnearthegloveboxorsteeringcolumninthepassengercompartment.Someevenputitunderoneoftheseats.TheECU,though,isuselesswithoutitssensors,justlikeourbrainswouldn'tbemuchgoodatinterpretingtheworldarounduswithoutoursenses.WhiletherearedozensofsensorsinacarthatfeedinformationtotheECUliketheonethattriggersthatannoying"CheckEngine"light,we'lljustlisttheonesthatcreatethefuelmap.MassAirFlow(MAF)Sensor:Thissensormeasurestheamountofaircomingintotheengine.Lessairisdrawnintotheenginewhenit'sidling,solessfuelisneeded.Moreairisdrawnintotheengineoncethecar'sinmotion,somorefuelisneededfromtheinjectors.Oxygen(O2)Sensors:Locatedintheexhaustsystem,thesesensorsdetecttheamountofunburnedoxygenandfuelcomingfromtheengine.TheECUcanadjusttheamountoffuelinjectedintotheenginetoincreaseefficiency.ThrottlePositionSensor(TPS):Thissensortellsthecomputerhowhardandhowquicklythedriverpushesonthegaspedal.Thefartherandfasterthepedalispushed,thewideropenthethrottlemoves,increasingtheamountoffuelthatneedstobeaddedtotheengineforspeed.ManifoldAbsolutePressure(MAP)Sensor:Thissensormeasureschangesintheengine'smanifoldpressure,whichtellstheECUhowmuchloadtheengineneedstobear(towingorgoinguphill)andhowfastitneedstohappen(speedinguporslowingdown).Ifthesensorreadshighpressure,theECUwilllowertheenginevacuumandaddmorefuel.Ifthereislowpressure,theECUwillraisethevacuumanddialdownthefuelinjection.VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS):ThistellstheECUhowfastthecarismovingandadjuststhefuelaccordingly.Thissensoralsosendssignalstothespeedometerandthecruisecontrolcomputer.Thesearetheparts,butwhereisthemap?That'swhatwe'regoingtotalkaboutnext,sogetoutyourgraphpaper.Wouldyouliketoknowwhatafuelmaplookslike?Starthere.Whilethecar'sECUdoesn'tneedtovisualizethefuelmap,it'shelpfulforushumanstopicturehowthiscomputercomestoitsconclusions.Youdon'tneedaphysicalpieceofgraphpaper,butimaginingonewillmakeiteasier.Thefuelmaplooksalotlikesomethingyou'dlearninajuniorhighschoolmathclass.ImaginethatpieceofgraphpaperanddrawasimpleX-Yaxisonit:onelinegoingacross(theX)andonelinegoingupanddown(theY).ThenumbersalongtheXaxisrepresenttheengine'srevolutionsperminute(rpm).That'showfasttheengine'sinternalcomponentsareturningtodowhateverthedriverneeds--speedingup,slowingdown,waitingataredlightoreventowingaboat.TheYaxisrepresentstheloadontheengine,ortheenergyrequiredbytheenginetodothetaskathand.Nowimaginepointsscatteredallalongthatgraphpaperthatrepresentdifferentdrivingsituations.That'sthefuelmap.Ateachpoint--andtherearehundredsofpossiblecombinations--theECUdecideswhattotellthefuelinjectorstodo.Pullingafifth-wheelcamperuptheRockyMountainsathighwayspeed,forexample,putstheengineunderahugeloadandrequiresalotofenergy.TheECUgetsinputfromallofthesensorsonvehiclespeed,airintake,pressure,andtemperatureandplotsaspecificpointontheimaginarygraph.Thecomputerisprogrammedtotellthefuelinjectorswhattodoatthatverypointonthefuelmap,anditsendsouttheappropriatemessage--withoutanymoreinputfromthedriver.OncetheECUhasreceivedtheinformationfromthesensorsandfiguredoutwhattodobasedonthefuelmap,itcanchangethreebasicthingstomaketheenginerunatitsbest--thefuelflowrate,sparktiming,andidlespeed.Butwhatcanyou,thecarowner,dotochangethesethings?ChangetheECUandsensors,ofcourse.We'lllookatimprovementsandtroubleshootingforthefuelmappingsystemonthenextpage.You'llneedyourECUtoregulatetheair/fuelmixinyourenginetomakethisjobeasier.Therearebasicallytwotypesofpeoplewho'dwanttomakechangestothefuelmap:Performancehoundsandfuelmisers.Performance-mindedpeoplewhoareinterestedinekingeverylasthundredthofasecondfromtheircarscanreprogramtheECU'sfuelmaptodelivermorefuel.Theremaybesomefuelwastedandalotmoreunburnedfuelintheexhaust,butthat'sthepriceyoupayforawinattheSaturdaynightdragraces.Ontheoppositeendofthescalearethosedriverswhoarewillingtosacrificeperformanceforfueleconomy.Aleanerfuel/airmixtureisgoingtosapsomepowerfromtheengine,butburninglessfuelmeanshighermilespergallonandlessfuelwastedintheprocess.ThereareevenadjustableMAPsensorsonthemarketspecificallyaimedatthefuel-savingcrowd.Whichbringsustoonelastpoint:Youmustrememberthattheinformationinthevehicle'sbrainisonlyasgoodaswhatthesensorsaretellingit.Ifasensorisbadandsendingfaultyinformation,theECUwillnotadjustthefuelinjectorscorrectly.Failureusuallyoccursduetoadustysensororacorrodedorlooseelectricalconnection.Occasionally,thesensoritselfwilljustgobadandsendincorrectsignals.Tostickwithourearlierexampleofanengineunderveryheavyload--thecamperonthehighwayintheRockies--let'sthinkaboutwhatwouldhappenifoneofthosesensorswerebad.IftheMassAirFlow(MAF)sensor,forexample,wasn'tworkingcorrectly,itmighttelltheECUthattherewasn'talotofairmovingintotheengine.Thiswouldmovethepointonthefuelmap,andtheECUwouldn'tknowtosendasignaltothefuelinjectorstoincreasetheamountoffuelinthemixtomakeupforallthatair.Theenginewouldseemsluggish,sinceitwasn'tgettingtheenergyitneededtodosuchadifficultjob.ThefuelmapinsidetheECUisabletoadjusttheair/fuelmixformaximumefficiencyandperformanceinanycondition-thatis,aslongasthesensorsaregivingittherightinformation.附录B什么是燃油检测？在我们能够很容易就进入了讨论燃料检测，你必须要知道一点的电子燃油喷射（电喷）。那是什么？简单地说，这是一个电脑系统，在那里取代您的旧化油器，调节空气的混合燃料在您的引擎保持平稳运行。过多的燃料，你浪费燃油。太少，而且您可能会损害您的发动机。几十年来，燃料的混合都是靠化油器。在1950年末，电喷汽车问世，和在上世纪90年代，电喷车与化油器汽车是共同存在的。今天，几乎所有新车型都由电喷系统取代化油器。该检测是燃料电喷系统的设置，调节空气/燃料混合。该检测有三个目标：优化性能-更好的速度和加速度；优化燃油经济性-以获得最佳的油耗；优化排放量-以从排气管尽可能多消除废物颗粒。下一步，我们将检测的部分，用这项复杂的计算机系统。了解燃油检测技术要容易得多，如果你知道的领域。中心的整个电喷系统，控制燃料检测，是发动机控制单元（ECU）。认为这部分作为汽车的大脑。传感器位于发动机和全部其他地方的车辆将信息发送到ECU的。ECU的处理这一信息，并用它来保持汽车的工作处于最佳状态。ECU看起来像一个黑色塑料盒装的电子大脑。其安装位置被不同的制造商装在不同的位置。有些设计者把ECU安在发动机附近的蓄电池旁，有的把它装到手套箱或驾驶员与乘客之间的位置。有的甚至把它放到座位下边。ECU如果没有传感器的话它是毫无用处的，就像我们的大脑如果没有感觉器官将不会处理我们周围的事物。因为有几十个传感器的信息，汽车的ECU，如一个发出“检测引擎”信号，我们就会得出那些燃油消耗检测值。大量的气流（MAF）经过传感器：该传感器检测空气进入发动机。更少的空气是卷入发动机时的空转，消耗较少的燃料，是必要的。更多的空气抽进发动机后，汽车的运动，因此需要更多的燃料是从喷射。氧气（O2）传感器：位于排气系统中，这些传感器探测未燃尽氧气数值和燃料来自引擎。ECU的可以调整为燃料喷入发动机，以提高效率。节气门位置传感器（TPS）：该传感器告诉计算机如何努力，如何迅速地把握驾驶员的油门。更多，更快的踩踏板，更广泛地打开油门动作，增加了燃油的量，需要加以补充的引擎转速。进气压力（MAP）传感器：该传感器采集发动机的多方面的压力，告诉多少负荷的ECU引擎需要承担（拖曳或爬坡）和以多快的速度，需要发生（加快或减慢）。如果传感器读取高压力下，ECU将降低发动机的真空和提供更多的燃料。如果有低的压力，ECU将提高真空和发送降低燃油喷射信号。车速传感器（VSS）：它告诉ECU汽车的速度是多快以及调整相应的燃料。该传感器还发送速度信号和巡航控制系统信号到ECU。这些零件，但哪一个检测？这就是我们接下来要谈论的，因此，摆脱您的图形文件。你想知道什么是燃料检测？从这里开始。虽然汽车的电控单元并不需要形象化燃料检测，这有助于我们人类这台电脑检测如何得来的结论。您不需要一块物理方格纸，但想象一个更容易。燃料检测看上去就像你想了解在初中数学课。想象一块图形文件，并有一个简单的坐标轴线上：一条线将跨越（X）和1个行会向上和向下（Y）。这些数字沿X轴代表了引擎每分钟的运转（每分钟转速）。这就是快速发动机的内部部件正在运转在驾驶员需要加