自考00600高级英语 背诵短句手册

自考00600高级英语背诵短句手册核心：短句化呈现必考考点，适配快速背诵，覆盖词汇、语法、阅读、翻译、写作全模块。一、高频词汇（熟词生义+固定搭配）1.熟词生义（必考）charge：收费、充电；生义：指责、掌管takechargeof负责；chargesb.withsth.指控某人某事course：课程、过程；生义：航线、一道菜inthecourseof在……过程中；acourseofaction行动方案economy：经济；生义：节约、简练（economyofwords言辞简练）figure：数字、身材；生义：认为、人物figureout弄明白；akeyfigure关键人物minute：分钟；生义：微小的（adj./maɪˈnjuːt/）press：按压；生义：媒体、催促（thepress新闻界）subject：科目、主题；生义：使服从、易受……影响besubjectto受……支配；subjectsb.tosth.使某人遭受某事2.核心固定搭配（必背）动词短语accountfor解释、占比；appealto吸引、呼吁arriveat达成（协议）；calloff取消comeacross偶遇、被理解；consistof由……组成counton依赖；dealwith处理、涉及fallbackon依靠备用方案；getaround规避、传播giveriseto引发；holdonto坚持、保留lookinto调查；makeupfor弥补putupwith忍受；standfor代表、支持takeadvantageof利用；turndown拒绝、调低wearoff逐渐消失介词短语intermsof就……而言；inviewof鉴于onbehalfof代表；onthecontrary相反byvirtueof凭借；inaccordancewith按照incaseof万一；incontrastto与……对比infavorof支持；withrespectto关于形容词短语beabundantin富含；beawareof意识到becapableof能够；beconsistentwith与……一致becriticalof批评；bedependenton依赖beeagerfor渴望；beequivalentto等同于beexposedto暴露于；berelevantto与……相关3.同义替换（写作/阅读必备）重要的：important→crucial/vital/significant认为：think→argue/maintain/contend导致：leadto→resultin/contributeto/giveriseto解决：solve→resolve/address/tackle很多：many→numerous/ahostof提高：improve→enhance/promote/boost减少：reduce→decrease/cutdownon然而：however→nevertheless/whereas因此：therefore→consequently/thus二、核心语法（必考短句）1.非谓语动词（重中之重）doing：表主动、进行；done：表被动、完成；todo：表目的、将来作状语：Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.（被动）Havingfinishedhomework,hewentout.（先完成，再行动）作定语：thegirlstandingbythedoor（主动，正在站）thebookwrittenbyLuXun（被动，被鲁迅写）接doing的动词：enjoy,avoid,suggest,practice,mind,finish接todo的动词：want,hope,decide,plan,promise2.复合句（1）定语从句关系代词：who（人，主/宾）、which（物）、that（人/物）、whose（所属）关系副词：when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因，只修饰reason）非限制性定语从句：用逗号隔开，不用that例句：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.（2）名词性从句宾语从句：Idon’tknowwhathewilldotomorrow.主语从句：Whathesaidsurprisedeveryone.（what作主语）同位语从句：Thenewsthathewontheprizeistrue.（that不省略）（3）状语从句（高频）让步：though/although（不与but连用）、evenif（即使）条件：if（如果）、unless（除非）、aslongas（只要）时态规则：主句将来时，条件从句用一般现在时3.虚拟语气（难点）对现在虚拟：if从句一般过去时（be用were），主句would+动原例句：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethechance.对过去虚拟：if从句had+done，主句would+have+done对将来虚拟：if从句一般过去时/shoulddo，主句would+动原特殊：suggest/require+that从句（should+动原，should可省）4.倒装句（高频）部分倒装：否定词开头（never,hardly），助动词/情态动词提前例句：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.完全倒装：here/there开头，主语是名词（Herecomesthebus.）主语是代词不倒装：Hereitcomes.5.强调句句式：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余强调人用who，其余用that例句：Itwasyesterdaythathemethisfriend.三、阅读理解（解题技巧短句）细节题：题干找关键词，原文定位，同义替换是答案推理题：标志词infer/imply，不选原文原句，合理推断主旨题：读首尾段、各段首尾句，排除片面选项词义题：结合上下文，利用同义/反义、举例猜测技巧：先看题干再读文章，抓逻辑连接词（however,therefore）四、翻译技巧（核心短句）1.英译汉拆分长难句：先找主干，再译修饰成分被动转主动：英文多被动，中文多主动关注熟词生义，避免直译偏差2.汉译英调整语序，避免中式英语复杂句意用复合句，简洁句意用简单句保证时态、语态一致，多用固定搭配五、写作（万能短句/模板）1.观点类模板开头：Nowadays,thereisadebateaboutwhether...（主题）支持方：Somearguethat...,because...反对方：Othersdisagree,claimingthat...我的观点：AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewith...结尾：Inconclusion,itisclearthat...2.利弊类模板开头：Withthedevelopmentof...,morepeoplepayattentionto...优点：Firstofall,...;Moreover,...缺点：However,itsdisadvantagesareobvious.Foronething,...结尾：Weshouldmakefulluseofitsadvantagesandavoiddisadvan