单片机原理及应用（双语版·新形态版） 课件 第1章单片机概述

IntroductoryMicrocontrollerTheoryandApplicationsChapter1IntroducingMicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微处理机CraySupercomputerMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微处理机IBMMainframecomputerMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微信息处理机PDP8minicomputerMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微信息处理机PCmicrocomputerTypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微信息处理机IntelmicroprocessorMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微信息处理机IntelmicrocontrollerMicrocontrollers微控制器，单片机TypesofComputersSupercomputers超级电脑Mainframecomputers主机电脑Minicomputers小型计算机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微处理机Microcontrollers微控制器，单片机Microcomputers微型计算机Microprocessors微处理机Howaremicroprocessorsused?MicroprocessorEmbeddedSystemComputer嵌入式系统COMPUTEROperatingSystem操作系统MicroprocessorMemory存储器HarddriveUSBKeyboardMousePrinterportActuator传动装置ROMSoftwareROM里的软件Display显示器MicroprocessorSensor传感器MemoryEMBEDDEDSYSTEMEmbeddedSystemsAutomation自动化FluidControl流体控制ProcessControl过程控制AirborneSystems机载系统SubmarineCommunications潜水艇通信系统Vehiclecontrol汽车控制MedicalInstrumentation

医疗器械医用呼吸机HistoryoftheMicroprocessorCombinationalLogic组合逻辑SequentialLogic时序逻辑Bidirectionalbus双向总线Memories存储器MicroprocessorInputs输入Output输出11100HistoryoftheMicroprocessorLogiccircuits逻辑电路11100HistoryoftheMicroprocessorLogiccircuits逻辑电路CombinationalLogic组合逻辑Inputs输入Output输出CKCKCKCKQQQQInputOutputsQ3Q2Q1Q0SequentialLogic顺序逻辑I/OlinesRead/Write10Bidirectionalbus双向总线Writeto…Readfrom…Memories存储器WilliamsTube(1947)CoreMemory(1950)Memories存储器Memories存储器65963795451381798424ADDRESSBUS地址总线DATABUS数据总线Read/Write110010111111Decoder译码器Memoryarrangement11100100MSBLSBDATABUSADDRESSBUSMEMORYLOCATIONS内存单元Decoder译码器11100100MSBLSBDATABUSADDRESSBUS011111100001000Decoder译码器MEMORYLOCATIONS内存单元11100100MSBLSBDATABUSADDRESSBUS011111100001000R/W1100Decoder译码器11100100MSBLSBDATABUSADDRESSBUS011111100001000R/W1011100Decoder译码器11100100MSBLSBDATABUSADDRESSBUS011111100001000R/W1011101Decoder译码器IfAddressBushasNlinesandDataBushasDlines…NumberofMemoryLocations=2NHighestaddress=2N-1ForN=2NumberofMemoryLocations=22=4Highestaddress=22–1=3IfAddressBushasNlinesandDataBushasDlines…Highestdatavalue=2D-1ForD=3Highestdatavalue=23–1=7Unsignednumbers00000000 = 001011111111 = 25510 = 27+26+25 +24+23+22 +21+20无符号数ValueFor+usedigitsdirectlyFor-useTwo’sComplementSignbit0=+1=-10110011Signednumbers带符号数Two’sComplementNumbers补码 10011011 01100100(One’scomplement) 反码 01100101(Two’scomplement) 补码Signednumbers+0000001 = 00000001-0000001 = 11111111+0000010 = 00000010-0000100 = 11111100-2552550127-128000000000111111111111111Unsigned000000000111111110000000Signed无符号数带符号数IfAddressBushasNlinesandDataBushasDlines…ForSignedNumbersHighestdatavalue =2D-1–1Lowestdatavalue =-2D-1ForD=8Highestdatavalue =27–1 =127Lowestdatavalue =-27 =-128Pleasetrythefollowing..(Pages13-14)Question1.11.7Question1.11.8Question1.11.9Question1.11.10Question1.11.7Intel8088(1979)Intel8080(1974)Question1.11.7Question1.11.8Intel8086(1976)Intel80386(1989)Intel8080(1974)Question1.11.9Question1.11.10MICROPROCESSORMemoryAddressbusDatabusR/WStorageofprograminstructionsMICROPROCESSORAddressbusDatabusR/WStorageofprograminstructions1MemoryMICROPROCESSOR微处理器DataBus数据总线AddressBus地址总线MICROPROCESSOR微处理器RAM随机存储器ROM只读存储器INTERFACES接口WhatisthedifferencebetweenaMicroprocessorandaMicrocontroller?RAM随机存储器ROM只读存储器INTERFACES接口MICROPROCESSOR微处理器MICROCONTROLLER

单片机Interrupts中断CPU中央处理器RAMTimers定时器

UART通用异步收发机ROMClockPIA外围界面Microcontroller单片机MicroprocessorsandMicrocontrollersMicroprocessorNeedsexternalcomponentsManyinstructionsDatamovementinandoutLargenumbersMicrocontrollerFewexternalcomponentsFewinstructionsInternalmovementofbitsSmallnumbers:bitsorbytes指令位字节CompanyTypeCompatibilityINTELMCS-51series系列(8051)Compatiblewith8051与8051兼容ATMELAT89X51serieswithFlashPhilips8XC552&89C66XseriesTexasMSP430LGGMS90/97seriesCygnalC8051Fhi-speedSOCMotorola68HC11seriesNot8051compatible与8051不兼容ARMARM10&ARM11seriesMicrochipPICseriesRISCdevicesPopularMicrocontrollersIntel8051MicrochipPICIntelMCS-51series8051- ContainsROM8751- ContainsEPROM8031- ContainsnomemoryFormakingverylargenumbersFormakingsmallnumbersVerycheap,needsEPROM8951- ContainsFLASHmemory

快闪存储器WhatactionscantheMicrocontrollerdo?Takeanumberfrommemory(READ)Putanumberintomemory(WRITE)36h37h35h34h33h6565READ65WRITEMemoryCPUWhatactionscantheMicrocontrollerdo?Takeanumberfrommemory(READ)Putanumberintomemory(WRITE)Arithmeticoperations(8bit