模具专业英语(第四版)

(第四版)模具专业英语

MoldProfessionalEnglishPressProcessandDieDesignMoldMaterialsTheInjectionMoldDesignManufacturingTechnologyofMoldUnitOneConstitutionUnitTwoUnitThreeUnitThreeQuotationandContractforMold&DieUnitThreeUnitOneMoldMaterialsLesson2MoldMaterialsLesson3SelectionoftheSteelLesson1PolymersThewordpolymerliterallymeans“manyparts”.Apolymericsolidmaterialmaybeconsideredtobeonethatcontainsmanychemicallybondedpartsorunitswhichthemselvesarebondedtogethertoformasolid.Twoindustriallyimportantpolymericmaterialsareplasticsandelastomers.Lesson1

Polymers参考译文

聚合物的字面意思是“很多部分”。高分子固体物质被认为是一种由很多化学分子和元素聚合成的固体物质。两种重要的工业高分子材料是塑料和橡胶。Plasticsarealargeandvariedgroupofsyntheticmaterialswhichareprocessedbyformingormoldingintoshape.Plasticscanbedividedintotwoclasses,thermoplasticsandthermosetting.Lesson1

Polymers塑料是一种应用广泛、种类繁多的合成物，可以通过冲压或注塑加工成型。塑料可分为两类:热塑性塑料和热固性塑料。参考译文Thebasicbuildingblockofaplasticisthepolymermolecule，alongchainofcovalentbondedatoms.Secondarybondsthenholdgroupsofpolymerchainstogethertoformthepolymericmaterial.Lesson1

Polymers塑料的基本构成是聚合物分子，一条由共价键原子组成的长链。次级纽带将聚合物群体连在一起形成高分子材料。参考译文Syntheticfabricsareman-madecopiesofnaturalfabrics.Syntheticfibersdonotoccurinnatureasthemselvesbutareusuallyderivativesofpetroleumproducts.Lesson1

Polymers合成纤维织物是人工仿造天然织物的产物。合成纤维通常是石油产品的衍生物，本身性质不会发生改变。参考译文Inaliquidcrystalphase，thepolymermoleculeshaveacertaindegreeoforder.Inthesimplestcase，theNematicphase，themoleculesgenerallypointinthesamedirectionbutstillmovearoundwithrespecttooneanotheraswouldbeexpectedinaliquid.Lesson1

Polymers液晶状态下聚合物分子有一定的排列顺序。最简单的情况下，在向列相，分子通常向同一方向移动，但也会像在液体中那样相互周向运动。参考译文NewWordsPolymericadj.聚合的elastomern.弹性体syntheticn.合成物Thermoplasticsn.热塑性塑料moleculen.分子insulationn.绝缘品liquidcrystaldisplay液晶显示屏Notes①Apolymericsolidmaterialmaybeconsideredtobeonethatcontainsmanychemicallybondedpartsorunitswhichthemselvesarebondedtogethertoformasolid.②Plasticscanbedividedintotwoclasses—thermoplasticsandthermosettingplastics，dependingonhowtheyarestructurallyandchemicallybonded.高分子固体物质被认为是一种由很多化学分子和元素聚合成的固体物质。that语句修饰的是前面的“one”，“consideredtobe...”词组是“被认为是……”的意思。塑料可分为两类:热塑性塑料和热固性塑料，这取决于它们的结构和化学合成。“dependon...”词组译为“取决于……”。③Inthesimplestcase，theNematicphase，themoleculesgenerallypointinthesamedirectionbutstillmovearoundwithrespecttooneanotheraswouldbeexpectedinaliquid.最简单的情况下，在向列相，分子通常向同一方向移动，但也会像在液体中那样相互周向运动。Moldscanbemadefromaverybroadspectrumofmaterials，However，becausemostprocessesrequirehighpressures，andoftencombinedwithhightemperatures，metalsstillrepresentbyfarthemostimportantmaterialgroup，withsteelbeingthepredominantmetal.Lesson2

MoldMaterials参考译文模具使用材料多样，然而，由于大部分加工过程要求高压并经常伴有高温，到目前为止，金属仍然是最重要的模具材料，其中钢是主要的金属材料。Incontrasttothepreviouslyusedmethodsbasedontheuseofpatterns，theuseofCADandCIMoftenrepresentsthemoreeconomicalsolutiontoday.Lesson2

MoldMaterials参考译文与以前制造模型的方法相比，CAD和CIM的应用代表了当今更为经济的制造方法。althoughhigh-gradematerialsareoftenused，asarule，standardmaterialsareusedinmoldmaking.New，high-performancematerials，suchasceramics，forinstance，arealmostcompletelyabsent.Lesson2

MoldMaterials参考译文尽管高级材料也常被使用，但是模具制造通常还是使用标准材料。例如，新型高性能的材料（如陶瓷）几乎还没被使用。Removalofairfromthecavityofamoldisanecessarywithmanydifferentprocessingmethods，andithasbeenproposedmanytimesthatthiscanbeaccomplishedusingporousmetallicmaterials.Lesson2

MoldMaterials在许多不同的成型方法中，都必须将型腔中的气体排除，人们已经多次尝试使用多孔金属材料来排气。专门制造的排气装置位于熔融物料前锋相遇的地方，即熔接痕处。参考译文Fig.1-5MicroporousmetalejectinginamoldVentingoftheedge-gatedcavityusedtoproduceacupshapedproductwithacomplexbottomwouldrequireagreatdealoftechnicalefforttoprovideguaranteedremovaloftheairfromthebottomregion.Lesson2

MoldMaterials用侧浇口成型带有复杂底部形状的杯状制品时，如何保证将底部的气体顺利排出，其技术难度是非常大的。用多孔材料做型芯和型腔，不需要其他的排气措施。参考译文Itisparticularlydifficulttoremovethenecessaryamountofheatinregionswithlong，narrowcores.Inthiscase，itispossibletodistributecoldgasviathesystemofmicroporesinthecoreandinthiswayintensifythecooling，withthepossibleresultofachievingashortercycletime.Lesson2

MoldMaterials从狭长的型芯中散去大量热量是非常困难的。既然这样，让散布的冷空气通过型芯微孔，从而加剧冷却，以缩短生产周期。参考译文NewWordsmaterialproperty材料性能prototypemold原型模具sinteredmaterial烧结材料porousadj.多孔的能渗透的Air-permeablematerial透气性材料ventingn.通风，排气Edge-gatedcavity侧(边缘)浇口式型腔Notes①Removalofairfromthecavityofamoldisanecessarywithmanydifferentprocessingmethods，andithasbeenproposedmanytimesthatthiscanbeaccomplishedusingporousmetallicmaterials.②Ventingoftheedg-gatedcavityusedtoproduceacup-shapedproductwithacomplexbottomwouldrequireagreatdealoftechnicalefforttoprovideguaranteedremovaloftheairfromthebottomregion.在许多不同的成型方法中，都必须将型腔中的气体排除，人们已经多次尝试使用多孔金属材料来排气。用侧浇口成型带有复杂底部形状的杯状制品时，如何保证将底部的气体顺利排出，其技术难度是非常大的。③Inthiscase，itispossibletodistributecoldgasviathesystemofmicroporesinthecoreandinthiswayintensifythecooling，withthepossibleresultofachievingashortercycletime.既然这样，让散布的冷空气通过型芯微孔，从而加剧冷却，以缩短生产周期。“inthiscase”译为“既然这样”。“itispossible”中的“it”是形式主语，实际的主语是由“distribute”和“intensify”这两个动词不定式引导的不定式短语。Steelhastheidealqualifications，becauseitspropertiescanbemodifiedbyalloyingelements，specialproductionprocesses，andheattreatment，anditcanbeadjustedtothealreadyadvantageouspropertiesofthesteels.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

钢具有理想的性能，因为它的性能可以通过加入的合金元素、特定的生产工艺及热处理进行改善，以成为钢的有利性能。参考译文Thedevelopmentofmoldsteelsthatcanbedividedintothefollowinggroups:nitridingsteels;case-hardenedsteels;prehardenedsteels;fullyhardenedsteels;corrosion-resistantsteels;maragingsteels;hardmaterialalloys.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

模具钢可分为以下几种:氮化钢;表面硬化钢;预硬钢;完全硬化钢;耐腐蚀钢;马氏体钢;超硬材料合金。参考译文Nitridingsteelsarepreferredforextruders.Veryhighsurfacehardnessvaluesofatleast950HVareattainedwiththealuminum-alloyedsteels34CrAlMo5and34CrAlNi7.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

氮化钢是挤出模的首选材料。铝合金钢34CrAlMo5和34CrAlNi7氮化后表面硬度值可达到至少950HV。参考译文Afterthenecessaryheattreatment，casehardenedsteelsstillhaveatoughcoresaswellasawear-resistantsurface.Thehighsurfacehardnessaswellasmoderndeoxidationmethodsofferthebestconditionsforpolishing.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

经过必要的热处理，表面淬硬钢心部较韧且表面耐磨性较好。高的表面硬度就如现代真空条件下抛光所得到的表面硬度。参考译文Prehardenedmoldsteelswereoriginallyusedonlyforlargemoldsbuthavenowgainedacceptanceinplasticsprocessingformoldsofallsizes.Prehardenedsteelsforplasticmoldscanbedividedintotwogroups:

（1）Prehardenedsteelswithlowsulfurcontent;

（2）Prehardenedsteelswithincreasedsulfurcontent.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

预硬化模具钢最初只用于大型模具，但现在也用于塑料加工中各种规格的模具。预硬化塑料模具钢可分为两种:（1）硫含量低的预硬化钢;（2）增加了硫含量的预硬化钢。参考译文Theadvantagesofusingfullyhardenedtoolsteelsratherthancase-hardenedsteelsformoldsareprimarilythesimplerheattreatmentandthepossibilityofmakingcorrectionstothecavityatalatertimewithoutanewheattreatment.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

在制造模具的过程中，使用完全硬化钢而不是淬火钢的主要优势在于简单的热处理以及较短的时间加工型腔而在稍后的时间不必进行新的热处理。参考译文Corrosion-resistantsteelsaresuppliedineitheraprehardenedconditions，withatensilestrengthof1000N/mm2，orasoft，annealedconditionandarethenheattreatedtoattainadequatestrength.Commoncorrosion-resistantsteelsareusuallysortedasfollows:Prehardenedsteels;Annealedsteels.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

耐蚀钢用于预硬化状态下，其抗拉强度达到1000N/mm2;或在软的退火状态下，然后进行热处理，以获得足够的强度。普通的耐蚀钢通常分类如下:（1）预硬化钢;（2）退火钢。参考译文Maragingsteelsaresuitablefortoolswithparticularlycomplicatedcavities.Thisspecialsteelissuppliedinthesolution-annealedconditionandhasatensilestrengthof1000N/mm2.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

马氏体钢适合制造具有特别复杂型腔的零件。这种特殊钢主要用于解决退火问题，并具有1000N/mm2的拉伸强度。参考译文Steelswithevenhigheramountsofcarbidescannotbeproducedbymetallurgicalmelting.Insuchcases，hardmetalalloys，producedbypowdermetallurgy，areavailableasamoldmaterial.Lesson3SelectionoftheSteel

钢若含有较多的碳化物则不能冶金熔化。在这种情况下，用粉末冶金生产的硬质金属合金可作为模具材料。参考译文NewWordstoughnessn.韧性，韧度Machinabilityn.机加工性quenched/kwentFd/adj.淬火的heattreatment热处理wearresistance耐磨性corrosionresistance耐蚀性nitridingsteel氮化钢Notes①Removalofairfromthecavityofamoldisanecessarywithmanydifferentprocessingmethods，andithasbeenproposedmanytimesthatthiscanbeaccomplishedusingporousmetallicmaterials.②Ventingoftheedg-gatedcavityusedtoproduceacup-shapedproductwithacomplexbottomwouldrequireagreatdealoftechnicalefforttoprovideguaranteedremovaloftheairfromthebottomregion.在许多不同的成型方法中，都必须将型腔中的气体排除，人们已经多次尝试使用多孔金属材料来排气。用侧浇口成型带有复杂底部形状的杯状制品时，如何保证将底部的气体顺利排出，其技术难度是非常大的。③Inthiscase，itispossibletodistributecoldgasviathesystemofmicroporesinthecoreandinthiswayintensifythecooling，withthepossibleresultofachievingashortercycletime.既然这样，让散布的冷空气通过型芯微孔，从而加剧冷却，以缩短生产周期。“inthiscase”译为“既然这样”。“itispossible”中的“it”是形式主语，实际的主语是由“distribute”和“intensify”这两个动词不定式引导的不定式短语。ThankYou!(第四版)模具专业英语

MoldProfessionalEnglishFeedSystemTheInjectionMoldingandMachinetThree-plateInjectionMoldMoldCavitiesandCoresLesson4UnitTwoTheInjectionMoldDesignLesson5Lesson6Lesson7EjectionSystemLesson8SplitsMoldCoolingLesson9Lesson10RunnerlessMoldsNozzleTypesLesson11Injectionmolding（BritishEnglish:moulding）isamanufacturingprocessforproducingpartsfromboththermoplasticandthermosettingplasticmaterials.Materialisfedintoaheatedbarrel，mixed，andforcedintoamoldcavitywhereitcoolsandhardenstotheconfigurationofthemoldcavity.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine参考译文注塑成型是将热塑性和热固性塑料加工成零件的制造过程。材料被放入加热筒中，混合后压入模腔，冷却硬化成模腔的形状。Injectionmoldingmachinesconsistofamaterialhopper，aninjectionramorscrew-typeplunger，andaheatingunit.Theyarealsoknownaspresses.Theyholdthemoldsinwhichthecomponentsareshaped.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine模具注塑机由一个料斗、注射活塞或螺旋式活塞以及一个加热装置构成。它们也被称为压力机，内含零部件形成的模具。参考译文Moldsaretypicallyconstructedfromhardenedsteel，pre-hardenedsteel，aluminium，and/orberyllium-copperalloy.Pre-hardenedsteelmoldsarelesswearresistantandareusedforlowervolumerequirementsorlargercomponents.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine模具通常由淬火钢、预硬钢、铝或铍-铜合金制成。预硬钢模具不耐磨，适用于小批量生产或制造较大的零件。参考译文Hardenedsteelmoldsareheattreatedaftermachining.Thesearebyfarthesuperiorintermsofwearresistanceandlifespan.Berylliumcopperisusedinareasofthemoldwhichrequirefastheatremovalorareasthatseethemostshearheatgenerated.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine淬硬钢模具加工后要进行热处理。这类模具在耐磨性和使用寿命方面具有较强的优势。铍-铜合金适用于制造需快速去热或消除产生的热能的模具。参考译文Plasticresinentersthemoldthroughasprueintheinjectionmold，thespruebushistosealtightlyagainstthenozzleoftheinjectionbarrelofthemoldingmachineandtoallowmoltenplastictoflowfromthebarrelintothemold，alsoknownascavity.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine塑料树脂通过注塑模具的浇道进入模具，浇口套密封紧接在注塑机注射料筒的喷嘴处，让熔化的塑料从料筒流到模具，也就是型腔。参考译文Trappedairinthemoldcanescapethroughairventsthataregrindedintothepartinglineofthemold.Ifthetrappedairisnotallowedtoescape，itiscompressedbythepressureoftheincomingmaterialandissqueezedintothecornersofthecavity，whereitpreventsfillingandcausesotherdefectsaswell.Lesson4TheInjectionMoldingandMachine模具里积存的空气可以通过模具分型线的通风口排出。如果积存的空气不能排出，进料的压力会把它们挤压到型腔的角落，这会妨碍填充并导致其他问题。参考译文NewWordsinjectionmold注塑模具moldcavity模具型腔injectionram注射活塞clampingforce锁模力beryllium-copperalloy铍-铜合金ElectricalDischargeMachiningprocess电火花加工spruebush浇口套runnern.流道trappedadj.堵塞的Notes:①Afteraproductisdesigned，usuallybyanindustrialdesigneroranengineer，moldsaremadebyamoldmaker（ortoolmaker）frommetal，usuallyeithersteeloraluminium，andprecisionmachinedtoformthefeaturesofthedesiredpart.②Berylliumcopperisusedinareasofthemoldwhichrequirefastheatremovalorareasthatseethemostshearheatgenerated.通常工业设计师或工程师设计完一个产品后，模具制造师（或工人）就会用金属，通常为钢或铝，制造模具，且精加工以达到理想效果。句中的“usuallybyanindustrialdesigneroranengineer”修饰前面的“product”，句中的“either...or...”译为“或者……或者……”。铍-铜合金适用于制造需快速去热或剪切热产生最多的模具区域。句中的“whichrequirefastheatremovalorareas”修饰的是前面的“mold”，而句中的“thatseethemostshearheatgenerated”修饰的是前面的“areas”。③Ifthetrappedairisnotallowedtoescape，itiscompressedbythepressureoftheincomingmaterialandissqueezedintothecornersofthecavity，whereitpreventsfillingandcausesotherdefectsaswell.如果积存的空气不能排出，进料的压力会把它们挤压到型腔的角落，这会妨碍填充并导致其他问题。句中的“becompressedby”译为“被……压缩”，“whereitpreventsfillingandcausesotherdefectsaswell”从句修饰的是前面的“thecornersofthecavity”。Three-plateinjectionmoldsareinjectionmoldspossessingtwopartinglines，havingbeendesignedasdegatingmolds.Thismeansthatthesprueisseparatedfromthepartsinthemold.Lesson5Three–platenjectionMold

三板式注射模具是具有两个分型面的注射模具，这种模具带有浇口，也就是直浇道在模具中和塑件相分离。参考译文Attheconclusionofinjectionthemoldopensatthefirstpartingline，whichcontainsthesprueandrunnerandseparatedthepinpointgatefromthepart.Onlywhenthesecondpartinglineopened，thepartwouldbereleased.Lesson5Three–platenjectionMold

在注射结束后，模具沿第一层分型面开模，其中包含了注入口、浇道和塑件中分流的针孔型浇口。仅当沿第二层分型面开模时，塑件才脱离型芯。参考译文NewWordsthree-plateinjectionmold三板式注射模具spruen.注入口，直浇道pinpointn.针孔型浇口stopn.止动销，制动销，限位器retentionsystem滞留系统ejectorplate顶料板protrudingrod凸出杆，伸出杆star-shapedrunner星形流道sprueseparatingarea浇道分离面sprue-strippingplate注料口分模板strippingn.脱模，拆模Notes:①Contrarytotheusualmolddesign,thistoolhasanadditionalmoldpartinglineforthestar–shapedrunner.②Attheconclusionofinjectionthemoldfirstpartedat1inthesprueseparatingareawhenthemachineopens.与通常的模具设计不同，此模具中为星形流道设计了一个附加的模具分型线。居中“contraryto”译为“与……相反”。当注射成型结束时，随着机器的打开，模具将首先在浇道分离面1处分型。句中短语“attheconclusionof”译为“当……完结时”。Normallythefeedsystemcomprisesasprue，runnerandgate.Thesetermsapplyequallytotheflowwayitself，andtothemoldedmaterialwhichisremovedfromtheflowwayitselfintheprocessofextractingthemolding.Lesson6FeedSystem浇注系统由主流道、分流道和浇口组成。这些术语应用在相应的进料通道本身，以及取出塑件时从进料通道中一同取出的浇注系统凝料。参考译文Asthetemperatureofmoltenplasticisloweredwhilegoingthroughthesprueandrunner，theviscositywillrise;therefore，theviscosityisloweredbyshearheatgeneratedwhengoingthroughthegatetofillthecavity.Lesson6FeedSystem熔融塑料通过主流道和分流道时温度降低而使熔体黏度升高，然而当熔体通过浇口填充型腔时，由于剪切作用产生的热量又使黏度降低。参考译文Asprueisachannelthroughwhichtotransfermoltenplasticinjectedfromthenozzleoftheinjectorintothemold.Arunnerisachannelthatguidesmoltenplasticintothecavityofamold.Agateisanentrancethroughwhichmoltenplasticentersthecavity.Lesson6FeedSystem参考译文主流道是将熔融塑料从注塑机喷嘴传递到模具型腔的通道。分流道是引导熔融塑料进入模具型腔的通道。浇口是熔融塑料进入型腔的入口。Thepurposeofthecoldslugwell，shownoppositethesprue，istheoreticallytoreceivethematerialthathaschilledatthefrontofthenozzleduringthecoolingandejectionphase.Lesson6FeedSystem参考译文冷料井正对着主流道。理论上，冷料井的作用是用来储存在塑件冷却和推出过程中注塑机喷嘴处形成的熔体前锋冷料。NewWordsFlow-way进料通道nozzlen.喷嘴branchrunner分流道injector

n.注射器solidifyvt.(使)凝固，(使)固化backflown.逆流，流向来源coldslugwell冷料井chilledadj.已冷的，冷硬了的Notes:①Asthetemperatureofmoltenplasticisloweredwhilegoingthroughthesprueandrunner，theviscositywillrise;therefore，theviscosityisloweredbyshearheatgeneratedwhengoingthroughthegatetofillthecavity.②Thepurposeofthecoldslugwellshownoppositethesprueistheoreticallytoreceivethematerialthathaschilledatthefrontofthenozzleduringthecoolingandejectionphase.熔融塑料通过主流道和分流道时温度降低而使熔体黏度升高，然而当熔体通过浇口填充型腔时，由于剪切作用产生的热量又使黏度降低。句中的“therefore”连接前后两个句子，“Asthetemperatureofmoltenplasticisloweredwhilegoingthroughthesprueandrunner”是原因状语从句，修饰“theviscositywillrise”。冷料井正对着主流道。理论上，冷料井的作用是用来储存在塑件冷却和推出过程中注塑机喷嘴处所形成的熔体前锋冷料。句中的“shownoppositethesprue”修饰“thecoldslugwell”，“thathaschilledatthefrontofthenozzle”是定语从句，修饰“thematerial”。Wethenproceededtoindicatealternativewaysbywhichthecavityandcorecouldbeincorporatedintothemoldandwefoundthatthesealternativesfellundertwomainheadings，namelytheintegermethodandtheinsertmethod.Anothermethodbywhichthecavitycanbeincorporatedisbymeansofsplitinsertsorsplits.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores参考译文接下来我们简要说明选择哪种方式把型腔和型芯安装在模具中。这些方式可以归纳为两大类，即整体式和镶拼式。另一种组成型腔的方式是加入拼块或滑块。Whenthecavityorcoreismachinedfromalargeplateorblockofsteel，oriscastinonepiece，andusedwithoutbolsteringasoneofthemoldplates，itistermedanintegercavityplateorintegercoreplate.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores当型腔或型芯由一块大的钢板或钢块加工而成，或者铸成一体，不需使用支承件而形成一块模板时，就构成整体式型腔板或型芯板。参考译文Ofthemanymanufacturingprocessesavailableforpreparingmoldsonlytwoarenormallyusedinthiscase.Theseareadirectmachiningoperationonaroughsteelforgingorblankusingtheconventionalmachinetools，ortheprecisioninvestmentcastingtechniqueinwhichamasterpatternismadeofthecavityandcore.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores参考译文在模具制造的众多方法中，用于加工整体式型腔板或型芯板的方法主要有两种:使用传统机床对粗锻钢材坯料直接加工，或利用精确的熔模铸造技术将坯料加工成型腔和型芯。Themethodconsistsinmachiningtheimpressionoutofsmallblocksofsteel.Thesesmallblocksofsteelareknown，aftermachining，asinserts，andtheonewhichformsthemalepartistermedthecoreinsertand，conversely，theonewhichformsthefemalepartthecavityinsert.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores镶拼式型腔由小钢块加工而成。加工后的小钢块作为镶件，形成型芯部分的称为型芯嵌件，相反地，形成型腔部分的称为型腔嵌件。参考译文Forsingleimpressionmoldstheintegerdesignistobepreferredirrespectiveofwhetherthecomponentformisasimpleoracomplexone.Theresultingmoldwillbestronger，smaller，lesscostly，andgenerallyincorporatealesselaboratecoolingsystemthantheinsert-bolsterdesign.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores参考译文对于单型腔模具，无论是简单还是复杂，整体式型腔是首选方式。若选择整体式，则模具的强度高、体积小、成本低，而冷却系统的设计却比镶拼式简单、方便。Inthemajorityofcasestheinsert-bolstermethodofconstructionisused，theeaseofmanufacture，moldalignment，andresultinglowermoldcostsbeingtheoverridingfactorsaffectingthechoice.Forcomponentsofverysimpleformitisoftenadvantageoustouseonedesignforoneofthemoldplatesandthealternativedesignfortheother.Lesson7MoldCavitiesandCores大多数多型腔模具采用镶拼式结构，这种结构加工简单、装配容易、模具成本低，这些是影响选择哪种结构形式的最重要因素。一种非常简单且具有很多优点的设计形式是采用一种形式设计模板，而采用另一种形式设计模具的其他部分。参考译文NewWordsintegern.完整物，统一体，整数insertn.嵌件，镶件，嵌入splitn.拼块bolstern.垫板，上下模板alignmentn.校直masterpattern原始模型，母型，主模investmentcasting熔模铸造fastenvt.拴紧，使固定，系，强加于Notes:①Theseareadirectmachiningoperationonaroughsteelforgingorblankusingtheconventionalmachinetools，andtheprecisioninvestmentcastingtechniqueinwhichamasterpatternismadeofthecavityandcore.②Formoldscontainingintricateimpressionsandmulti-impressionmolds，itisnotsatisfactorytoattempttomachinethecavityandcoreplatesfromsingleblocksofsteelaswithintegermolds.使用传统机床对粗锻钢材坯料直接加工，或利用精确的熔模铸造技术将坯料加工成型腔和型芯。句中的“usingtheconventionalmachinetools”作后置定语，修饰“adirectmachiningoperation”，“inwhichamasterpatternismadeofthecavityandcore”是后置定语从句，修饰“theprecisioninvestmentcastingtechnique”。对于成型部位复杂的模具和多腔模具，也像整体式模具那样用一块钢材加工型腔和型芯并不容易。Notes:③Someoftheseconsiderationshavealreadybeendiscussedundervariousbroadheadings，suchascost，buttoenablethereadertoweighthemupmoreeasilywhenfacedwithaparticularproblem，thecomparisonoftherelativeadvantagesofeachsystemisdiscussedunderanumberofheadings.④Inthemajorityofcasestheinsert

bolstermethodofconstructionisused，theeaseofmanufactureandmoldalignment，andresultinglowermoldcostsbeingtheoverridingfactorsaffectingthechoice.在不同的章节中，我们已经讨论过型腔和型芯的安装方式所涉及的问题，例如成本等。但为使读者在处理特殊问题时更容易知道重点所在，我们将用一定的章节再次讨论每种结构优缺点的对比。句中“but”连接两个句子，“whenfacedwithaparticularproblem”修饰不定式“toenablethereadertoweighthemupmoreeasily”，这个不定式作为目的状语修饰第二个句子。大多数多腔模具采用镶拼式结构，这种结构加工简单、装配容易、模具成本低，这些是影响选择哪种结构形式的最重要因素。Amoldingisformedinmoldbyinjectingaplasticmelt，underpressure，intoanimpressionviaafeedsystem.Itmustthereforeberemovedmanually.Furthermore，allthermoplasticmaterialscontractastheysolidify，whichmeansthatthemoldingwillshrinkontothecorewhichformsit.Lesson8EjectionSystem塑料熔体在压力作用下经过浇注系统进入模具型腔形成塑件，因此塑件成型后必须手动取出。而且所有热塑性熔体凝固时都会收缩，这意味着塑件将包紧在型芯上。参考译文Facilitiesareprovidedontheinjectionmachineforautomaticactuationofanejectorsystem，andthisissituatedbehindthemovingplaten.Becauseofthis，themold'sejectorsystemwillbemosteffectivelyoperatedifplacedinthemovinghalfofthemold，i.e.thehalfattachedtothemovingplaten.Lesson8EjectionSystem注塑机为推出系统提供了自动推出力，其推出动力装置安装在注塑机移动板的后面。因此，模具的推出系统安装在动模部分将获得最大效率，例如，这部分可以安装在移动模板上。参考译文Theejectorgridisthatpartofthemoldwhichsupportsthemoldplateandprovidesaspaceintowhichtheejectorplateassemblycanbefittedandoperated.Thegridnormallyconsistsofabackplateontowhichismountedanumberofconvenientlyshapedsupportblocks.Lesson8EjectionSystem推出支架是模具的一部分，用来支承模板，为推板的装配和运动提供空间。推出支架通常由动模座板和几块支承块组成，支承块安装在动模座板上，且便于加工成型。参考译文Theejectorplateassemblyisthatpartofthemoldtowhichtheejectorelementisattached.Theassemblyiscontainedinapocket，formedbytheejectorgrid,directlybehindthemoldplate.Theassemblyconsistsofanejectorplate，aretainingplateandanejectorrod.Lesson8EjectionSystem推板装配机构也是模具的一部分，用来安装推出零件。推板装配机构安装在推板支承架内，直接装在模板后面。装配机构由推板、推杆固定板和注塑机推杆组成。参考译文Whenamoldingcools，itcontractsbyanamountdependingonthematerialbeingprocessed.Foramoldingwhichhasnointernalform.Thebasicejectiontechniquesareasfollows:pinejection，sleeveejection,stripperplateejectionandairejection.Lesson8EjectionSystem塑件冷却后，其收缩状态取决于塑料熔体的成型过程。基本的推出方式有推杆脱模推管脱模、推件板脱模和气动脱模。参考译文NewWordsimpressionn.印记，压痕shrinkvt.&vi.收缩;退缩actuationn.刺激，冲动ejectorgrid推出支架retainingplate固定板ejectorrod顶出杆pinejection推杆脱模stripperplateejection推件板脱模Notes:①Furthermore，allthermoplasticmaterialscontractastheysolidify，whichmeansthatthemoldingwillshrinkontothecorewhichformsit.②However，whenthemoldinghasinternalform，themolding，asitcools，willshrinkontothecoreandsomepositivetypeofejectionisnecessary.而且所有热塑性熔体凝固时都会收缩，这意味着塑件将包紧在型芯上。句中的“as”引导的是时间状语从句，“which”引导的从句修饰主句，对主句进一步说明，“it”是指“themolding”。然而，若塑件具有内部形状，冷却收缩时塑件将包紧在型芯上，因此有必要采用一些适当的方式推出塑件。句中“when”引导的时间状语从句修饰整个句子，“as”引导的时间状语从句修饰“themoldingwillshrinkontothecore”，“and”连接两个句子。SlidingSplitsInthisdesign，thesplitsaremounted