2026 高考辽宁卷英语真题试卷及答案

2026高考辽宁卷英语真题试卷及答案第1页共1页2026高考辽宁卷英语真题试卷及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatisthepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"?A.ReadB.ReadsC.ReadedD.Roded参考答案：A2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisanexampleofthesimplepresenttense?A.Shehasfinishedherhomework.B.Theywereplayingfootballyesterday.C.Hegoestoschooleveryday.D.Wewillvisitthemuseumnextweek.参考答案：C3.Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"whatisthesubject?A.LoudlyB.BarksC.DogD.The参考答案：C4.Whichconjunctionisusedtoshowcontrast?A.AndB.ButC.OrD.So参考答案：B5.Whatisthecorrectwaytospellthewordmeaning"veryhappy"?A.HaplyB.HapfullC.HappilyD.Hapfullly参考答案：C6.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofacomma?A.Iloveapples,orangesandbananas.B.Sheissmart,tallandhasblueeyes.C.Wewenttothestore,becauseitwasraining.D.Heisateacher,adoctorandanengineer.参考答案：A7.Whatisthepluralformofthenoun"child"?A.ChildsB.ChildesC.ChildrenD.Childeren参考答案：C8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentperfecttense?A.Ihaveeatenbreakfast.B.Sheisreadingabook.C.Hewenttothestoreyesterday.D.Theywillfinishtheirworksoon.参考答案：A9.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepossessivecaseofthenoun"teacher"?A.TeachersB.TeacherssC.Teacher'sD.Teacheres参考答案：C10.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisanexampleofthesimplepasttense?A.Sheissingingasong.B.Theyhavefinishedtheirproject.C.Hewenttotheparklastweekend.D.Wewillmeettomorrow.参考答案：C二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thebook,______byJaneAusten,isaclassicofEnglishliterature.参考答案：written2.Ifthetemperaturedropsto-5°C,waterwill______.参考答案：freeze3.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis______.参考答案：Au4.Inaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresofthelengthsoftheothertwosides,knownas______.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem5.ThecapitalofJapanis______.参考答案：Tokyo6.ThepHscalemeasuresthe______ofasolution.参考答案：acidity7.ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthelengthofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresofthelengthsoftheothertwosides.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem8.Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately______meterspersecond.参考答案：2997924589.TheGreatWallofChinaislocatedin______.参考答案：China10.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyiscalled______.参考答案：photosynthesis三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld.参考答案：√2.WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"inthe17thcentury.参考答案：×3.ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisAu,derivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.参考答案：√4.Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintherootsofplants.参考答案：×5.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejected.参考答案：√6.Thehumanbrainconsumesabout20%ofthebody'stotalenergy.参考答案：√7.TheLouvreMuseuminParisistheworld'slargestartmuseumbyarea.参考答案：√8.ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides.参考答案：√9.TheAmazonRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.参考答案：×10.Theperiodictableofelementsisorganizedbasedonatomicnumber.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.Pleasebrieflydescribethemainfunctionofthenucleusinaeukaryoticcell.参考答案：Thenucleusisthecontrolcenterofthecell,containingthecell'sgeneticmaterial(DNA)organizedintochromosomes.ItregulatesgeneexpressionandmediatesthereplicationofDNAduringthecellcycle.2.Whataretheprimarydifferencesbetweenmitosisandmeiosisintermsofchromosomenumberandcelltypeproduced?参考答案：Mitosisresultsintwogeneticallyidenticaldaughtercellswiththesamenumberofchromosomesastheparentcell,whilemeiosisproducesfourgeneticallydiversehaploidcellswithhalfthechromosomenumberoftheparentcell.Mitosisisusedforgrowthandrepair,whereasmeiosisisinvolvedinsexualreproduction.3.ExplainhowphotosynthesiscontributestotheoxygenationofEarth'satmosphere.参考答案：Photosynthesisconvertscarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygenusinglightenergy.Theoxygenproducedisreleasedintotheatmosphere,contributingtotheoxygenationofEarth'satmosphere.4.Listthreemajorfunctionsofthekidneysinthehumanbody.参考答案：Thekidneysfilterbloodtoremovewasteproductsandexcesswater,regulatebloodpressure,producehormonesthatregulateredbloodcellproductionandcalciummetabolism,andmaintainelectrolytebalance.5.Describetheprocessofosmosisanditssignificanceinlivingorganisms.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwateracrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.Itissignificantinlivingorganismsasithelpsmaintaincellturgor,regulateswaterbalanceinthebody,andfacilitatesnutrientabsorption.6.Howdoestheimmunesystemdistinguishbetweenselfandnon-selfantigens?参考答案：Theimmunesystemdistinguishesbetweenselfandnon-selfantigensthroughtherecognitionofmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)molecules,whichpresentantigenstoTcells.Selfantigensarerecognizedasnormalbytheimmunesystem,whilenon-selfantigens,suchasthosefrompathogens,aretargetedfordestruction.7.Brieflyexplaintheroleofenzymesasbiologicalcatalysts.参考答案：Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsinlivingorganismsbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequiredforthereactiontooccur.TheyarespecifictotheirsubstratesandoperateunderoptimalconditionsoftemperatureandpH.8.WhatisthesignificanceofthegreenhouseeffectinmaintainingEarth'sclimate?参考答案：ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessthatwarmstheEarth'ssurfacebytrappingheatintheatmosphere.ItissignificantbecauseitmaintainsEarth'sclimatewithinarangethatsupportslife,butexcessivegreenhousegasemissionscanleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterishostingaseriesofworkshopsaimedatimprovingresidents'skillsandknowledge.Thefirstworkshop,scheduledfornextSaturday,isabasiccookingclassledbyarenownedchef.Thechefwillteachparticipantshowtopreparesimple,healthymealsusingfreshingredients.Theclassisdesignedforbeginnersandwillcoverfundamentalcookingtechniques.Participantswillhavetheopportunitytopracticetheirskillsunderthechef'sguidance.Thesecondworkshop,takingplacethefollowingSunday,isadigitalliteracyprogram.Thisprogramisintendedtohelpolderadultsnavigatetheinternetandusedigitaldevicesmoreconfidently.Trainedvolunteerswillbeavailabletoprovideone-on-oneassistance.Bothworkshopsarefreeandopentothepublic,butspaceislimited,sointerestedindividualsareencouragedtoregistersoon.Thecommunitycenterislocatedat123MainStreetandcanbereachedbyphoneat555-1234.1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheworkshops?A.ToraisemoneyforthecommunitycenterB.ToteachresidentsnewskillsandknowledgeC.ToprovideentertainmentforlocalchildrenD.Toorganizecommunityclean-upevents参考答案：B2.Whoisthefirstworkshopaimedat?A.ChildrenandteenagersB.OlderadultsC.BeginnersincookingD.Professionalchefs参考答案：C3.Whatwillparticipantslearninthebasiccookingclass?A.HowtocookcomplexdishesB.HowtogrowtheirownvegetablesC.BasiccookingtechniquesandhealthymealpreparationD.Howtoopenarestaurant参考答案：C4.Whatkindofassistancewillbeprovidedinthedigitalliteracyprogram?A.CookinglessonsforfreeB.One-on-onehelpwithusingdigitaldevicesC.FreeinternetaccessatthecenterD.Jobtrainingforadults参考答案：B5.Whyshouldinterestedindividualsregisterfortheworkshopssoon?A.TheworkshopsareonlyavailableduringthedayB.SpaceislimitedC.ThechefchargesafeeforthecookingclassD.Thedigitalliteracyprogramisonlyforseniors参考答案：B6.Whereisthecommunitycenterlocated?A.456ElmStreetB.123MainStreetC.789OakAvenueD.321PineRoad参考答案：B7.Whatisthephonenumberforthecommunitycenter?A.555-5678B.555-1234C.555-8765D.555-4321参考答案：B8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theworkshopsareonlyforprofessionals.B.Thecookingclassisfreeandopentothepublic.C.ThedigitalliteracyprogramisheldonSaturday.D.Thecommunitycenterislocatedat321PineRoad.参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：Thepasttenseformoftheverb"toread"is"read."Theotheroptionsareincorrectformsornon-existentwords.2.参考答案：C解析：Thesentence"Hegoestoschooleveryday"isanexampleofthesimplepresenttense.Theotheroptionsusedifferenttenses:"hasfinished"isthepresentperfect,"wereplaying"isthesimplepast,and"willvisit"isthefuturetense.3.参考答案：C解析：Inthesentence"Thedogbarksloudly,"thesubjectis"dog."Theverbis"barks,"and"loudly"isanadverbdescribinghowthedogbarks.4.参考答案：B解析：Theconjunction"but"isusedtoshowcontrast."And"isusedtoaddinformation,"or"isusedtopresentalternatives,and"so"isusedtoshowaresult.5.参考答案：C解析：Thecorrectwaytospellthewordmeaning"veryhappy"is"happily.""Haply"isnotaword,"hapfull"and"hapfullly"aremisspellings.6.参考答案：A解析：Thecorrectuseofacommaisinthesentence"Iloveapples,orangesandbananas."Theotheroptionseitherdonotneedacommaorhaveincorrectcommausage.7.参考答案：C解析：Thepluralformofthenoun"child"is"children.""Childs"and"childes"areincorrectspellings,and"childeren"isnotaword.8.参考答案：A解析：Thecorrectuseofthepresentperfecttenseisinthesentence"Ihaveeatenbreakfast."Theotheroptionsusedifferenttenses:"isreading"isthepresentcontinuous,"went"isthesimplepast,and"willfinish"isthefuturetense.9.参考答案：C解析：Thecorrectwaytoformthepossessivecaseofthenoun"teacher"is"teacher's.""Teachers,""teacherss,"and"teacheres"areincorrectforms.10.参考答案：C解析：Thesentence"Hewenttotheparklastweekend"isanexampleofthesimplepasttense.Theotheroptionsusedifferenttenses:"issinging"isthepresentcontinuous,"havefinished"isthepresentperfect,and"willmeet"isthefuturetense.二、填空题1.参考答案：written解析：本题考查动词的过去分词作后置定语。根据句意“这本书是简•奥斯汀写的”，需要用过去分词作后置定语修饰“thebook”，因此填“written”。2.参考答案：freeze解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“如果温度降到-5°C，水会结冰”，需要填一个表示水结冰的动词，因此填“freeze”。3.参考答案：Au解析：本题考查化学元素符号。根据题意“金的化学符号是”，金的化学符号是“Au”，因此填“Au”。4.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem解析：本题考查数学名词。根据题意“在直角三角形中，斜边的平方等于其他两边的平方和，这被称为”，这是勾股定理，因此填“Pythagoreantheorem”。5.参考答案：Tokyo解析：本题考查地理知识。根据题意“日本的首都是”，日本的首都是“Tokyo”，因此填“Tokyo”。6.参考答案：acidity解析：本题考查化学名词。根据题意“pH值测量溶液的”，pH值测量溶液的酸碱度，因此填“acidity”。7.参考答案：Pythagoreantheorem解析：本题考查数学名词。根据题意“勾股定理指出，在直角三角形中，斜边的平方等于其他两边的平方和”，这是勾股定理，因此填“Pythagoreantheorem”。8.参考答案：299792458解析：本题考查物理常数。根据题意“光在真空中的速度大约是每秒多少米”，光在真空中的速度是299792458米每秒，因此填“299792458”。9.参考答案：China解析：本题考查地理知识。根据题意“长城位于”，长城位于中国，因此填“China”。10.参考答案：photosynthesis解析：本题考查生物学名词。根据题意“植物将光能转化为化学能的过程称为”，这个过程称为光合作用，因此填“photosynthesis”。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：TheGreatWallofChinaisindeedoneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheworld,recognizedgloballyforitshistoricalandarchitecturalsignificance.Thestatementisaccurate.2.参考答案：×解析：WilliamShakespearewrote"RomeoandJuliet"intheearly17thcentury,specificallybetween1595and1596.Thestatementincorrectlyspecifiesthe17thcentury,whichisimprecise.3.参考答案：√解析：ThechemicalsymbolforgoldisindeedAu,whichisderivedfromitsLatinnameAurum.Thisisacorrectstatementbasedonchemicalnomenclature.4.参考答案：×解析：Photosynthesisprimarilyoccursintheleavesofplants,specificallyinchloroplasts,wherechlorophyllcapturessunlight.Thestatementincorrectlystatesthatitoccursintheroots.5.参考答案：√解析：TheEiffelTowerwasindeedoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,buttheprojectwasrejectedduetoitsdesignbeingdeemedtoostrangeandunsuitable.Thestatementisaccurate.6.参考答案：√解析：Thehumanbrainconsumesabout20%ofthebody'stotalenergy,whichisawell-documentedfact.Thestatementiscorrect.7.参考答案：√解析：TheLouvreMuseuminParisistheworld'slargestartmuseumbyarea,coveringanextensivecollectionofartandhistoricalartifacts.Thestatementisaccurate.8.参考答案：√解析：ThePythagoreantheoremstatesthatinaright-angledtriangle,thesquareofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides.Thisisafundamentalprincipleingeometry.Thestatementiscorrect.9.参考答案：×解析：TheNileRiveristhelongestriverintheworld,nottheAmazonRiver.TheAmazonRiveristhelargestbyvolume.Thestatementisincorrect.10.参考答案：√解析：Theperiodictableofelementsisorganizedbasedonatomicnumber,whichisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofanatom.Thisisacorrectstatementbasedontheprinciplesofchemistry.四、简答题1.参考答案：Thenucleusisthecontrolcenterofthecell,containingthecell'sgeneticmaterial(DNA)organizedintochromosomes.ItregulatesgeneexpressionandmediatesthereplicationofDNAduringthecellcycle.解析：Thenucleusfunctionsasthecommandcenterofaeukaryoticcellbyhousingthecell'shereditaryinformation.Thisgeneticmaterial,intheformofDNA,ispackagedintostructurescalledchromosomes.Theprimaryroleofthenucleusistocontrolgeneexpression,determiningwhichproteinsaresynthesizedatanygiventime.Thisregulationiscrucialforcellgrowth,development,andresponsetoenvironmentalsignals.Additionally,thenucleusorchestratesthereplicationofDNAduringcelldivision,ensuringthateachnewcellreceivesacompletesetofgeneticinstructions.Withoutthenucleus,thecellwouldlackdirectionandcoordination,leadingtodysfunctionordeath.2.参考答案：Mitosisresultsintwogeneticallyidenticaldaughtercellswiththesamenumberofchromosomesastheparentcell,whilemeiosisproducesfourgeneticallydiversehaploidcellswithhalfthechromosomenumberoftheparentcell.Mitosisisusedforgrowthandrepair,whereasmeiosisisinvolvedinsexualreproduction.解析：Mitosisandmeiosisarebothprocessesofcelldivision,buttheyservedifferentpurposesandhavedistinctoutcomes.Mitosisinvolvesasingledivision,yieldingtwodaughtercellsthataregeneticallyidenticaltotheparentcellandhavethesamediploidchromosomenumber.Thisprocessisessentialforgrowth,tissuerepair,andasexualreproduction.Incontrast,meiosisconsistsoftwosuccessivedivisions,resultinginfourhaploiddaughtercells,eachwithhalfthechromosomenumberoftheparentcell.Geneticdiversityisintroducedduringmeiosisthroughcrossingoverandindependentassortmentofchromosomes.Meiosisiscrucialforsexualreproduction,asitproducesgametes(spermandeggcells)thatcombineduringfertilizationtoformazygotewithafullsetofchromosomes.3.参考答案：Photosynthesisconvertscarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygenusinglightenergy.Theoxygenproducedisreleasedintotheatmosphere,contributingtotheoxygenationofEarth'satmosphere.解析：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichgreenplants,algae,andsomebacteriaconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy,storingitintheformofglucosewhilereleasingoxygenasabyproduct.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells,wherechlorophyllcaptureslightenergy.Theoverallchemicalequationforphotosynthesisis6CO₂+6H₂O+lightenergy→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂.Theoxygenproducedduringthisreactionisreleasedintotheatmosphere,whereitisessentialfortherespirationofmostlivingorganisms.Overmillionsofyears,photosynthesishassignificantlyincreasedtheoxygencontentofEarth'satmosphere,makingithabitableforaerobiclifeforms.4.参考答案：Thekidneysfilterbloodtoremovewasteproductsandexcesswater,regulatebloodpressure,producehormonesthatregulateredbloodcellproductionandcalciummetabolism,andmaintainelectrolytebalance.解析：Thekidneysarevitalorgansthatperformseveralcriticalfunctionsinthehumanbody.Firstly,theyfilterbloodtoremovewasteproducts,suchasureaandcreatinine,andexcesswater,whichareexcretedasurine.Thisfiltrationprocesshelpsmaintainthebody'sfluidbalanceandpreventthebuildupoftoxicsubstances.Secondly,thekidneysregulatebloodpressurethroughtherenin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem(RAAS).Theyalsoproducehormones,suchaserythropoietin,whichstimulatesredbloodcellproduction,andcalcitriol,whichregulatescalciummetabolism.Additionally,thekidneysmaintainelectrolytebalancebyadjustingthelevelsofsodium,potassium,andothermineralsintheblood,ensuringpropercellularfunction.5.参考答案：Osmosisisthemovementofwateracrossasemipermeablemembranefromanareaoflowersoluteconcentrationtoanareaofhighersoluteconcentration.Itissignificantinlivingorganismsasithelpsmaintaincellturgor,regulateswaterbalanceinthebody,andfacilitatesnutrientabsorption.解析：Osmosisisapassivetransportprocesswherewatermoleculesmoveacrossasemipermeablemembranefromaregionoflowersoluteconcentrationtoaregionofhighersoluteconcentration.Thismovementcontinuesuntilthesoluteconcentrationsonbothsidesofthemembraneareequal,oruntiltheosmoticpressureisbalancedbyotherforces,suchashydrostaticpressure.Osmosisiscrucialformaintainingcellturgorinplants,whichhelpskeepthemuprightandpreventswilting.Inanimals,osmosisplaysaroleinregulatingwaterbalance,particularlyinthekidneys,whereithelpsfilterandreabsorbwatertomaintainhydration.Additionally,osmosisfacilitatestheabsorptionofnutrientsintheintestinesbycreatingconcentrationgradientsthatdrivethemovementofwaterandsolutesintothebloodstream.6.参考答案：Theimmunesystemdistinguishesbetweenselfandnon-selfantigensthroughtherecognitionofmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)molecules,whichpresentantigenstoTcells.Selfantigensarerecognizedasnormalbytheimmunesystem,whilenon-selfantigens,suchasthosefrompathogens,aretargetedfordestruction.解析：Theimmunesystemhasevolvedtorecognizeandeliminateforeignsubstanceswhileignoringthebody'sowncells.Thisrecognitionisprimarilybasedonmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)molecules,whicharefoundonthesurfaceofalmostallnucleatedcells.MHCmoleculespresentpeptidefragments(antigens)toTcells,whichthendecidewhethertheantigenisselfornon-self.Selfantigensaretypicallyrecognizedasnormalanddonottriggeranimmuneresponse.Non-selfantigens,suchasthosefrombacteria,viruses,orotherpathogens,arerecognizedasforeignandaretargetedfordestructionbyimmunecells,suchasTcellsandBcells.Thisdistinctioniscrucialforpreventingautoimmunediseases,wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody'sowntissues.7.参考答案：Enzymesarebiologicalcatalyststhatspeedupchemicalreactionsinlivingorganismsbyloweringtheactivationenergyrequiredforthereactiontooccur.TheyarespecifictotheirsubstratesandoperateunderoptimalconditionsoftemperatureandpH.解析：Enzymesareproteinsthatactasbiologicalcatalysts,acceleratingchemicalreactionsinlivingorganismswithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.Theyachievethisbyloweringtheactivationenergy,whichistheminimumenergyrequiredtostartachemicalreaction.Enzymesarehighlyspecifictotheirsubstrates,meaningeachenzymetypicallycatalyzesonlyonetypeofreactionoraverylimitedrangeofreactions.Thisspecificityisdeterminedbytheenzyme'sactivesite,whichistheregionwherethesubstratebindsandthereactionoccurs.EnzymesalsohaveoptimalconditionsoftemperatureandpHunderwhichtheyfunctionmostefficiently.Forexample,manyhumanenzymesoperatebestatbodytemperature(37°C)andneutralpH.Deviationsfromtheseoptimalconditionscanreduceenzymeactivityorevendenaturetheenzyme,renderingitinactive.8.参考答案：ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessthatwarmstheEarth'ssurfacebytrappingheatintheatmosphere.ItissignificantbecauseitmaintainsEarth'sclimatewithinarangethatsupportslife,butexcessivegreenhousegasemissionscanleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.解析：ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalphenomenonwherecertaingasesintheEarth'satmosphere,knownasgreenhousegases(suchascarbondioxide,methane,andwatervapor),trapheatfromthesun,warmingtheEarth'ssurface.ThisprocessisessentialformaintainingtheEarth'sclimatewithinarangethatsupportslife.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theEarth'saveragetemperaturewouldbemuchcolder,makingitinhospitableformostlivingorganisms.However,excessivegreenhousegasemissions,primarilyfromhumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuelsanddeforestation,canenhancethegreenhouseeffect,leadingtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Thiscanresultinrisingglobaltemperatures,meltingicecaps,sea-levelrise,andmoreextremeweatherevents,posingsignificantchallengestoecosystemsandhumansocieties.五、阅读理解题1.参考答案：B解析：Themainpurposeoftheworkshopsistoteachresidentsnewskillsandknowledge,asstatedinthepassage.Thefirstworkshopisabasiccookingclass,andthesecondisadigitalliteracyprogram,bothaimedatimprovingresidents'skillsandknowledge.OptionAisincorrectbecausethereisnomentionofraisingmoney.OptionCisincorrectbecausethewor