高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第三册UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.graphn. 图；图表；曲线图2.emissionn. 排放物；散发物；排放3.sealn. 海豹；印章v. 密封(容器；关闭4.methanen. 甲烷；沼气5.dioxiden. 二氧化物6.carbondioxide 二氧化碳7.fossiln. 化石8.fossilfuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)9.footprintn. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积10.basinn. 流域；盆地；盆11.penguinn. 企鹅12.implementvt. 使生效；贯彻；执行13.tropicaladj. 热带的；来自热带的14.nuclearadj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的15.junglen. (热带)丛林；密林16.smogn. 烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)17.volumen. 量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷18.enterprisen. 公司；企业；事业19.waterwayn. 水道；航道20.agendan. 议程表；议事日程Ⅱ.核心单词1.meltvi.&vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化2.releasevt.&n. 排放；释放；发布3.carbonn. 碳4.fueln. 燃料；刺激性言行vt. 加强；刺激；(给……)加燃料5.comprehensiveadj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的6.worldwideadv. 遍及全球地adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的7.trendn. 趋势；趋向；动向8.broadcastvt.&vi.(broadcast，broadcast) 播送；广播；传播n. 广播节目；电视节目9.policyn. 政策；方针；原则10.seizevt. 抓住；夺取；控制11.reformvt.&vi. 改革；(使)改正；改造n. 改革；变革；改良12.undergovt.(underwent，undergone) 经历；经受(变化、不快等)13.moderateadj. 适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt. 缓和；使适中14.annualadj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鉴15.chaosn. 混乱；杂乱；紊乱16.garbagen. 垃圾；废物17.dozenn. (一)打；十二个18.finevt. 对……处以罚款19.campaignn. 运动；战役vi.&vt. 参加运动；领导运动Ⅲ.拓展单词1.starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvationn.饥饿；饿死→starvingadj.饥饿的；挨饿的2.ecologyn.生态；生态学→ecologicaladj.生态的；生态学的→ecologistn.生态学家3.habitableadj.适合居住的→habitatn.栖息地；(动植物的)生活环境4.sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持续的；合理利用的5.frequentlyadv.频繁地；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn.频繁；频率6.restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚→restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；约束性的7.harmoniousadj.和谐的→harmonyn.和谐→harmoniouslyadv.和谐地8.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submissionn.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服9.sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen.意义；感官vt.感觉到；察觉到10.originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立→originn.起源；源头；出身→originaladj.原来的；起初的；独创的；原作的11.restorevt.恢复；使复原；修复→restorationn.恢复；修复；复原12.conservationn.(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的→conservev.保护；保存；节省；节约13.regulationn.章程；规章制度→regulatev.调节，控制；约束，管理→regulatorn.(某行业等的)监管者，监管机构14.disposaln.去掉；清除；处理→disposev.安排；布置；排列15.inspectionn.检查；查看；视察→inspectvt.检查；视察；检阅→inspectorn.检察员；督察员16.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerancen.容忍构词法：名词后缀-ology表示“……科学”-ologyecology生态学 biology生物学archaeology考古学 geology地质学psychology心理学 zoology动物学Ⅳ.重点短语1.onbehalfof 代表(代替)某人2.dozensof 许多；很多3.haveanimpacton 对……有影响4.leadto 导致5.causedamageto 对……造成损害6.takemeasures 采取措施7.dealwith 处理8.anumberof 许多9.carryout 履行；执行10.ineffect 在实施中；实际上Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：Thereislittledoubtthat...ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖(如图)。2.句型：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体能捕获一些热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。3.句型：it＋be＋过去分词＋thatWiththesemeasures，itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.有了这些举措，相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。starvevi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvationn.饥饿；饿死)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Thestudentcomingfromthecountrywasstarvingforthefriendshipfromthosewhocomefromthecity.②这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。(续写动作描写)Pennilessandstarving，thechildstoodneartheroadandbeggedforameal，otherwisehewouldstarvetodeath.③我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(语言学习)IamstarvingtostudyEnglishwell，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.后归纳(1)starvetodeath 饿死starvefor 渴望；急需starvetodosth 渴望去做某事(2)bestarvingforsth 渴望某物bestarvingtodosth 渴望做某事[点津]“渴望某物/做某事”的同义短语：bethirsty/hungry/eager/desperateforsth/todosthsubmitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服(submissionn.提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Dozensofenterpriseshavesubmitted(submit)theirplanstoreducetheircarbonfootprintinthepasttendays.②大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。” (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；语言＋动作描写)Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh，remarkingdeterminedly，“Iwon’tsubmit(myself)toothers’thoughts.”③如果感兴趣，请与文学与艺术部联系，并于5月16日前提交您的申请和个人资料。(2026·山东省烟台市、德州市二模)Ifinterested，pleasecontacttheLiterature&ArtDepartmentandsubmityourapplicationandprofilebyMay16.后归纳submitto 服从于；屈从于submitoneselfto... 甘受……；服从……submit...to... 向……提交……toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerancen.宽恕；忍耐；容忍tolerantadj.忍耐的；宽容的)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Ican’ttolerateworking(work)withmypartneranymore，whoisfrequentlytalkingtomewhenIamabsorbedinwork.②虽然这件事并没有改变我的生活，但我学到了宝贵的一课：试着用宽容和善良对待他人。(主旨升华句)Thoughthematterdidn’tchangemylife，Ilearnedapreciouslesson：trytotreatotherswithtoleranceandkindness.③由于我们不能容忍人们乱扔垃圾，我们将发起一场运动，呼吁人们保护周围环境。(倡议书)Aswecannottoleratepeoplethrowinggarbagearound，acampaignistobelaunchedtoappealtopeopletoprotectthesurroundings.后归纳(1)tolerate(sb)doingsth 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)betolerantof/towardssb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事[点津]“忍受”的种种表达：①putupwith忍受；容忍②standvt.忍受③bearvt.忍受harmoniousadj.和谐的(harmonyn.融洽；和谐)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Moreimportantly，itmaydisrupttheharmonious(harmony)classatmosphere，leadingtoconflictsamongclassmates.(2026·湖南省质量检测)②Inordertoliveharmoniously(harmony)，sometimesyouneedtomakecompromises.③只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对地球的威胁。(演讲稿)Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattoourplanet.后归纳inharmonywith 与……协调；与……和睦相处outofharmonywith 与……不协调liveinharmony 很融洽地生活句型公式：Thereisno/littledoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”【教材原句】ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①ThereisnodoubtthatyourprofessionalknowledgeofEnglishwillbenefitthestudentsgreatly.②Idoubtedwhether/ifmyparentswouldagreethatIhadtherighttomanagemyearnings.③Thereissomedoubtwhetherthenewstudentwillfitinwiththegroupsinceheseemsquiteshyandreserved.④毫无疑问，这次活动不仅使我们掌握了一些实用的技能，而且增强了我们的安全意识。Thereisno/littledoubtthattheactivitynotonlyequippeduswithsomepracticalskillsbutalsoraisedourawarenessofsafety.后归纳(1)Thereisno/littledoubtthat... 毫无疑问……Thereissomedoubtwhether... 有……疑问Sbhave/hasnodoubtthat... 某人毫无疑问……Sbhave/hassomedoubtwhether... 某人有……疑问(2)Idon’t/neverdoubtthat... 我确信……Idoubtwhether/if... 我怀疑……1.seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制【诵读领悟】①Asenseofguiltseizedhimandhestoodthere，frozen.(续写情感细节)他一阵愧疚，站在那里，愣住了。②ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，fear/panicimmediatelyseizedme/Iwasseizedby/withfear/panicimmediately.(心理与表情描写)我一看到父亲那阴云密布的脸，就立刻感到了恐惧。③Iwassuddenlyseizedbyafeelingofloneliness.我突然感到很孤独。【佳句仿写】我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊，深深地凝视着她的眼睛，试图给她勇气。Iseizedherbythearmtightlyandgazeddeepintohereyes，tryingtogivehercourage.表情感的名词＋seizeseizesbbythearm抓住某人的手臂2.meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化vi.(感情)消失(meltableadj.可熔的；易溶化的→meltingadj.令人同情的；动人的)【诵读领悟】①Hisangermeltedawaywhenhesawthekindexpressiononhisfriend’sface，andtheysoonmadeup.当他看到朋友脸上善意的表情时，怒气逐渐消散，他们很快就和好了。②Hiscoldexpressionmeltedwhenhesawhisdaughterrunningtowardshim.看到女儿朝自己跑来，他冷漠的表情一下子软化了。③Thetiredlookonherfacemeltsintoasmilewhensheseesherfamily.看到家人，她脸上疲惫的神情舒展开成笑容。【佳句仿写】他们互相道歉后，房间里的紧张气氛渐渐消散了。Thetensionintheroommeltedawayaftertheyapologizedtoeachother.meltslowly 缓慢融化meltinthesun 在阳光下融化meltone’sheart 打动人心meltintoasmile 舒展开笑容维度一词汇语境运用1.(2025·北京卷)Toreduceourimpact，wecantakesimplesteps：emptythefridgebeforeheadingout，andchoosesustainable(sustain)diningoptions.2.(2026·太原市模拟二)Iwasreallystarving(starve)whenIsteppedoutofthecitylibraryafteranentireafternoonburiedinbooks.3.(2024·全国甲卷)Theonlyopportunityshecouldseizetostudy(study)waswhenherbrotherwashavingChineselessonswiththefamilytutor.4.HisteachingsshapedthemoralandethicalfoundationofChineseculture，promotingrespectforauthority，harmonious(harmony)relationships，andthepursuitofknowledge.5.Thepessimisticdentistadvertisedhisgoodsinadishonestway，thusgettingfined(fine).6.[译林选必二]Fearsgrewthatthenumberofdeathscouldreach5，accordingtofiguresreleased(release)byemergencyservices.7.(2023·天津6月卷)Thewoodentowerthatisbeingrestored(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon，andtheworkisalmostfinished.8.Toenhancepeople’sawarenessofconservation(conserve)ofculturalrelics，alecturewillbegiveninthecityhallthisFridayafternoon.维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思1.Successcamequickly，thankstoamixtureoftalent，enterpriseandluck.n.事业心，进取心2.HisflightoriginatedinJapan. vi.始发(于某地)3.Headdressedcommentstothechairman. v.向某人讲话4.Theinsurancepolicycoversallbaggageandpersonaleffects. n.保险单5.Janewasquicktoseizethemeaningofwhatthemanagersaidatthemeeting.vt.理解；领会6.Makesureyou’vesignedthechequebeforesealingtheenvelope. vt.密封7.Hismother，noticinghismood，gavehimencouragement，whichfueledhisdeterminationtofinishhisassignmentsandprovethathecouldsucceeddespitethedisturbance. vt.激发根据语境选择加黑词的含义8.releasevt.排放；释放；发行，上映(生义)n.发布①ThenewfilmwillbereleasedonJuly16inthedowntowncinema. vt.发行②Thekindgirldecidestoreleasethebirdfromthecage. vt.释放③ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril. n.发布④Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke，makingtheairdirty. vt.排放9.finevt.对……处以罚款；n.罚款(生义)adj.晴朗的；健康的；adv.很，很好①Thecompanyreceivedafineof$5，000forbreakingenvironmentalrules. n.罚款②(2025·全国一卷)Myplanwasworkingoutjustfine. adv.很，很好③Afterafewdaysofrest，shefeltfineagainandwasreadytoreturntoschool. adj.健康的④Afterbeingfinedforlitteringinthepark，sherealizedhowimportantitistokeeppublicplacesclean. vt.对……处以罚款⑤Aftertherain，theskyclearedupandwehadafineafternoon. adj.晴朗的10.moderateadj.适度的；中等的；温和的；vi.&vt.缓和；使适中①Hewasaneasy-goingmanofverymoderateviews. adj.温和的②Theyarehopingthatonceinofficehecanbepersuadedtomoderatehisviews. vt.缓和③Contrarytopopularbelief，moderateexerciseactuallydecreasesyourappetite.adj.适度的Ⅱ.构词法构词法副词后缀-ly：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明“如何做”或“到什么程度”。指出下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·全国二卷)MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover，whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare. adj.不断增加地2.(2025·全国二卷)Insteadofcorrectingotherswhentheywerestrugglingtopronouncemyname，Ijustsmiledandnoddedapprovingly. adv.赞许地；满意地3.(2025·浙江1月卷)Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.adv.无意地；非故意地Part1.应用文增分练(倡议书—环境保护)假定你是李华，你校学生会即将发起一项以“EarthGuardian”为主题的环境保护运动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，号召大家积极参与该活动，内容包括：1.地球环境的现状；2.该活动的目的和要求；3.号召大家积极参加。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：描述地球环境现状，提出倡议①ThereislittledoubtthatagreatmanyhumanactivitieshavecausedgreatdamagetoourmotherEarth(毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害).Here，②onbehalfofthestudents’union，Imakeasuggestionthatwestudentsshouldmakesomecontributionstoenvironmentalconservation(我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献).中段：提出倡议内容，介绍活动目的和要求It’s(high)timethatwetook/shouldtakevariousmeasurestoprotecttheearthfrompollution.We’dliketobuildamoreharmoniousandsustainablesociety.Wehavelaunchedacampaignnamed“EarthGuardian”.Itisaimedattakingeffectiveandpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.③ThosewhoareinterestedinthecampaignmustsubmitapplicationsandrelevantmaterialsbeforeOctober1st(对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交申请和相关材料).结尾：号召大家积极参加。④Isincerelyhopethateveryonecanseizethispreciouschanceandjoinusimmediately(我衷心希望大家能抓住这个宝贵的机会并立即加入我们).【多元表达】⑤We’dliketobuildamoreharmoniousandsustainablesociety.Wehavelaunchedacampaignnamed“EarthGuardian”.Itisaimedattakingeffectiveandpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.(合并升级为不定式作目的状语，定语从句)→Tobuildamoreharmoniousandsustainablesociety，wehavelaunchedacampaignnamed“EarthGuardian”，whichisaimedattakingeffectiveandpracticalmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累动作描写之“看”(一)【语言素材】注意到①notice 注意到 ②observe 注意到；观察到③spot 看见；注意到 ④set/layeyeson 注意到 ⑤catchone’seye 引起某人的注意看到/看见①scan 细看；察看，端详；浏览②lookat 看③see 看见 ④one’seyesfallon 看到/目光落在……⑤catchsightof 看见 ⑥takealookat 看一下⑦lookupat 抬头看 ⑧lookdownat 低头看⑨comeintoone’sview 映入眼帘注视/凝视/盯①eye 注视；盯着 ②watch 注视③stareat 盯着看；凝视 ④gazeat 凝视；注视⑤fix/focusone’seyeson 注视 ⑥one’seyeslingeron 目光停留在；注视着⑦fastenone’sgazeon 盯着 ⑧lockone’seyeson 盯着⑨haveone’seyeson 盯着 ⑩have/keepone’seyesfixedon 盯着⑪fixunblinkinglyon 目不转睛地盯着 ⑫one’seyesbegluedto 目不转睛地盯着【靓句表达】1.TheroadwassoslipperythatItriedtokeepmyeyesgluedtoit.路太滑了，我尽量让眼睛紧盯着路面。2.Againhecastalooktowardthewindow，andsawanexcitedfaceagainsttheglass.他又朝窗户看了一眼，看见一张激动的脸靠在玻璃上。3.Theboyglaredaroundthehouseasifexpectingachallenge.男孩瞪着眼睛环视房子，好像在等待挑战。4.Swallowinghard，Istaredintohereyesforamoment，wonderinghowtocopewiththeannoyingsituation.我忍气吞声，盯着她的眼睛看了一会儿，想知道如何应对这种烦人的情况。5.Astherescueteamapproachedthecollapsedbuilding，theireyesweregluedtoeverycorner，hopingtospotsignsofsurvivors.救援队靠近坍塌的大楼时，目光紧盯着每一个角落，盼着能发现幸存者的踪迹。6.Aswewalkedalongthequietstreetatdusk，oureyesfellonanoldmansittingonabench，playingtheviolin.黄昏时分，我们沿着安静的街道散步，目光落在了长椅上坐着的一位老人身上，他正拉着小提琴。7.Shesatonthebench，lookingdownatthebookinherhands，soshedidn’tnoticewhenIwalkedover.她坐在长椅上，低头看着手里的书，所以我走过去时她都没注意到。续写语料运用用表“看”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：主题“校园生活”——打扫教室时的“看”Ihadjustrushedoutwhen①IspottedAaronstandinginmyway(我看到Aaron挡住我的路).“What’sup”heaskedsharply，②hiseyesfixedonme(他紧盯着我，独立主格).Iscannedthefloorinahurry，still③notdaringtolookupathim(不敢抬头看他)，anddashedintotheclassroom.Feelingtheweightofmymistake，Istammerednervously，“Ineeddryrags...to...clean...”Uponhearingthis，Aaronletoutaheavysigh.“Youshouldhavecheckedeverydetail，”heremarked，ahintofdisappointmentinhisvoice.“Thisjobisn’tjustaboutreacting，it’salsoaboutbeingcareful.Now，goandcleanthatup！”④Avoidinghisgaze(避开他的目光)，Idashedintotheclassroom.Withanamplesupplyofrags，Ithrewmyselfintothetask，tirelesslymopping，scrubbing，andwiping.单元测评29UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION(限时：35分钟满分：50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分)A(2026·湘豫名校摸底考试)SolvingthegrowingplasticwastepuzzleAshardasitistoimagineatimewhenweweren’tburiedinplastics，massproductionofsyntheticpolymers(合成聚合物)didn’treallybeginuntilabout1950.Sincethen，however，we’vegeneratedanestimated8.3billiontonsofthestuff—withabouthalfthattotalcomingsince2000—andwe’vedesertedsomethinglike6.3billiontonsofit.Unfortunatelyfortheplanet，onlyabout9percentofthatplasticwastehaseverbeenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned，mostrecentlyinwaste-to-energyfacilities.Butmostoftheresthasgoneintolandfills—orworse，intotheenvironment.Muchofwhatisdonetorecoverplasticfromthewastestreamisapurelymechanicalprocess.Oncetheplasticitemshavebeensortedbypolymertypeandsenttotherecyclingworkplace，theyaresimplycutup，washedcleanandmelteddownintopellets(团粒).Thepelletsarethensoldtomanufacturersthatwillincorporate(组合)thematerialintonewproducts.Manyofthechemicalrecyclingtechniquesarealreadyquitemature.Accordingtoa2019reportbyClosedLoopPartners，aNewYork-basedinvestmentfirmthatinvestsincirculareconomy-relatedstart-ups，thatlistincludesmorethan40plasticsrecyclingplantsthatareeitheroperatingorscheduledtoopenwithinthenextfewyearsintheUnitedStatesandCanadaalone.Atleastsomeofthoseplantsareexpectedtoincorporatechemicalrecyclingtechnology.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料垃圾的产生情况、回收现状以及化学回收技术的发展。1.Whendoesplasticwastereachitspeak？A.Before1950.B.Before2000.C.After2019.D.Inrecentdecades.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，塑料垃圾在最近几十年达到了峰值。故选D。2.Atwhichprocedurecanplasticswastebemadeintomonomers？A.Plasticmanufacturing.B.Oilandgasrefining.C.Chemicalrecycling.D.Mechanicalrecycling.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据图表上Chemicalrecycling下面的描述“Plasticwasteischemicallyprocessedbackintomonomers.”可知，塑料废料在Chemicalrecycling环节被制成monomers。故选C。3.Whatisthesignofsuccessfulplasticwasterecycling？A.Plasticwasterecyclingbecomescommercialized.B.Plasticwastehasbeenmadeintonewplastics.C.Mostofplasticwastehasalreadygoneintolandfills.D.Muchhasbeenburnedinwaste-to-energyfacilities.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，塑料废物回收成功的标志是塑料废物回收实现了商业化。故选A。B(2026·安徽省A10联盟模拟)SophiaZhang，a14-year-oldaspiringengineerfromUtah，isdedicatedtoaddressingtheenvironmentalcrisisaffectingtheGreatSaltLake，whichhasbeenshrinkingduetoexcessivewateruseandclimatechange.Inspiredbyaschoolproject，Sophiaconductedin-depthresearchbyinterviewingscientistsandgovernmentofficialsandpresentedherfindingsonwaterconservationtotheUnitedNations.Sophia’sscientificinquiryledhertoexperimentwithhydrogels(水凝胶)—substancescapableofabsorbingandretainingwater—whichcouldbeusedinagriculturetoreducewaterconsumptionandlessenthestrainonthelake’swatersupply.WhileineighthgradeatRowlandHallMiddleSchoolinSaltLakeCity，shedevelopedherowneco-friendlyhydrogelsusingstarchandotherbiodegradablematerials.HerinnovativeapproachearnedhersecondplaceintheTechnologycategoryatthe2024ScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge，organizedbySocietyforScience.Sophiacreditshersuccesstotheguidanceofhermentors—localhighschoolscienceteacherswhodedicatedtheirtimetoteachingherorganicchemistry，providingresources，andlendingherlaboratoryequipment.“Theyspentcountlesslunchhoursmentoringme，”sherecalls.Sophiaemphasizesthatfindinggoodmentorscanstartwithsomethingassimpleassendinganemailtoknowledgeablepeopleinthecommunity.OnekeylessonSophialearnedisthatscientificexperimentsrarelygoexactlyasplanned.Throughtrialanderror，discussionswithmentors，andextensivereading，sherealizedthatsetbacksareanintegralpartofthescientificprocess.Foraspiringscientists，Sophiaoffersadvice：observecuriously，thinkcarefully，andactcourageously.Sheencouragesaproactiveapproachtoproblem-solving，startingwithcommunityissues，studyingexistingsolutions，andbravelyexploringnewpaths.Sophia’sexperience，markedbyovercomingresearchobstacles，highlightstherewardingnatureofscientificexploration.Andherstorydemonstratesthatwhileresearchcanbechallenging，thepursuitofsolutionsisimmenselyfulfilling.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14岁女孩SophiaZhang致力于环保科研的故事。4.WhatistheprimarygoalofSophia’sproject？A.Exploringtheeffectsofclimatechange.B.Investigatingtheimpactofwaterpollution.C.Promotingeco-friendlyengineeringprojects.D.Enhancingwaterconservationthroughhydrogels.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sophia’sscientificinquiryledher...onthelake’swatersupply.”可知，Sophia的项目的主要目标是通过水凝胶来加强水资源保护。故选D。5.HowdidSophiaconnectwithhermentors？A.Byreachingoutviaemail.B.Byjoiningafter-schoolprograms.C.Byfollowingthemonsocialmedia.D.Byattendingscientificconferences.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sophiaemphasizesthatfindinggoodmentorscanstartwithsomethingassimpleassendinganemailtoknowledgeablepeopleinthecommunity.”可知，Sophia通过发邮件与她的导师取得联系。故选A。6.WhatcrucialmessagedoesSophiaintendtoconveytoambitiousscientists？A.Successinsciencerequirescuriosityandbravery.B.Scientificexplorationisonlyforthenaturallygifted.C.Waterconservationeffortsrequireadvancedtechnology.D.Scientificdiscoveriesalwaysfollowastraightforwardpath.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Foraspiringscientists，Sophiaoffersadvice：observecuriously，thinkcarefully，andactcourageously.”可知，Sophia想向有抱负的科学家传达的信息是科学上的成功需要好奇心和勇气。故选A。7.WhichproverbbestreflectsSophia’sjourney？A.Knowledgeispower.B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中“Sophia’sscientificinquiry...onthelake’swatersupply.”可知，Sophia因为大盐湖面临的环境危机而致力于通过水凝胶来加强水资源保护。由此推知，她的经历体现了“需要是发明之母。”这句谚语。故选D。C(2026·湖北省荆州市起点考试)AcrosstheUnitedStates，thousandsofbuildingsaretakingadvantageofcutting-edgebatteriesconstructedfromoneoftheplanet’smostfundamentalsubstances：ice.Duringoff-peakhourswhenelectricityratesarelow，thesebatteriesfreezewater，andwhenenergydemandandcostrise，facilityoperatorspoweroffconventionalexpensivechillers(冷却器)andusethestorediceforcooling.Atypicalstructurecontributesapproximatelyone-fifthofitselectricalconsumptiontocooling，asreportedbytheInternationalEnergyAgency.Bytransferringenergyusagetoperiodsoflowercost，majorbuildingscanreduceannualpowerexpensesbyhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Additionally，thisapproachminimisesrelianceonelectricitygeneratedbythemostpollutingfossilfuelpowerstations.Todate，ice-basedenergystoragehasprimarilybeencarriedoutinoffices，hospitals，hotels，andotherlargefacilitieswithcentralisedairconditioning，owingtothesubstantialspatialrequirementsofthebatteries.Forinstance，asysteminthebasementofaNew-York-Citybankinghigh-risecomprisesapproximately100watertanks，eachcomparableinsizetoastandardparkingspace，accordingtoHollyPaeper，presidentoftheAmericancommercialHVACdivisionatTraneTechnologies.Nevertheless，thisdrawbackisgraduallybeingaddressed.NostromoEnergy，amanufacturerspecializinginicebatteries，hasengineered“IceBrick”unitsdesignedfortighterspaces.Meanwhile，California-basedIceEnergyhasdeployed(部署)thousandsofits“IceBear”systemsinsingle-storylocationsandintendstointroduceamorecompactmodelforresidentialuselaterthisyear.Currently，theexpansionofthistechnologyischieflyrestrictedbyregionalclimateconditionsandpricingstrategy.Buildingssituatedincolderclimatesmayoperatecoolingsystemsinfrequently.Moreover，ifpowercompaniesdonotapplytime-varyingelectricityratesorofferfinancialstimulationfordemandreductionduringpeakperiods，icebatteriesmaynotdeliversignificanteconomicbenefits.However，insuitablemarkets，icebatteriescanbeintegratedwithotherenergystoragetechnologiestoenhancegrid(电力网)reliabilityandmeetgrowingelectricaldemand.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰电池的工作原理、应用现状与局限性，探讨其如何通过转移用电时间降低成本并减少对污染能源的依赖。8.WhataspectoficebatteriesismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph1？A.Thecheapsource.B.Theproductionprocess.C.Theoperatingprinciple.D.Theapplicationexample.答案：C解析：推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段主要解释冰电池如何在电价低时制冰、电价高时用冰制冷，即其运行原理。故选C。9.Whydoestheauthormention“100tanks”inParagraph3？A.Toshowthesystem’sadvancement.B.Toillustratethebattery’slimitation.C.Toexplainenergystorageprocedures.D.Tohighlighttheiceproductionmethod.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，冰电池系统需要大量空间(“100tanks”为例)，说明其目前主要适用于大型建筑，因此举例是为了强调其空间局限性。故选B。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compact”inParagraph4mean？A.Small-sized. B.Low-cost.C.High-powered. D.Well-designed.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，“compact”是为解决“空间需求大”的问题而设计的，因此“compact”意为“小型的”。故选A。11.Whatstrategymaypromotetheapplicationoftheicebattery？A.Increasingfundingforpowerplants.B.Offeringoff-peakelectricitydiscounts.C.Improvingregionalclimateconditions.D.Banningconventionalcoolingsystems.答案：B解析：推理判断题。最后一段中“Moreover，ifpowercompaniesdonotapplytime-varyingelectricityratesorofferfinancialstimulationfordemandreductionduringpeakperiods，icebatteriesmaynotdeliversignificanteconomicbenefits.”指出，若电力公司不提供“分时电价”或高峰时段节能激励，冰电池难以节省费用，由此可知，非高峰时段电价折扣可促进冰电池的应用。故选B。D(2026·浙江嘉兴检测)Throughouthistory，treeshaveplayedacrucialroleinmaintainingecologicalbalance.TheyabsorbCO2andtransformitintooxygen.ButoneofthechallengeswiththistraditionalcarbonabsorptionisthattheCO2treesstorecanbereleasedbackintotheatmospherewhentheydie.However，thediscoveryofcertaintreesinKenyaaddsanewdimensiontothisnaturalprocess.Thesetrees，alsofoundinseveralothercountries，havebeenobservedtotransformCO2intocalciumoxalate.Thenbacteria(细菌)presentinthetreesandsurroundingsoiltransformitfurtherintocalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)，aprimarycomponentoflimestoneandchalk.TheuniqueprocessensuresthattheCO2iskeptinsolidformformuchlonger，evenafterthetree’slifeends.ThisfindingwasemphasizedbyMikeRowleyfromtheUniversityofZurichattheGoldschmidtConference.Whilethescientificcommunityisoptimisticaboutthesefindings，severalchallengesremain.TheprimaryconcernisdeterminingtheexactamountofCO2thatthesetreescantransformthroughouttheirlifetime.Withoutthisaccuratedata，itischallengingtoassessthefullimpactofthismethodglobally.Understandingtheecologicalbalanceandensuringthepreservationofbiodiversityarecrucialbeforeworldwideplantingofthesetrees.Cooperativeresearcheffortsareneededtoexploretheseaspectsanddevelopacomprehensivestrategyforusingthesetreesasanaturalsolutiontoclimatechange.ThisdiscoveryinKenyainvitesustoreconsiderthepotentialofnaturalprocessesinaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Whiletechnologicalsolutionstoclimatechangearevital，integratingnaturalmethodsoffersanalternativeapproach.Theuniqueabilityofthesetreespresentsapromisingmethodforexploration.Thejourneytofightingclimatechangeiscomplex.AswedigdeeperintounderstandingnaturalphenomenaliketheKenyantrees，wemustaskourselves：Howcanwemakethebestofthepowerofnaturetocreateasustainablefutureforgenerationstocome？【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章聚焦树木生态作用，重点阐述肯尼亚特殊树木将二氧化碳转化为碳酸钙的固碳机制，提及研究挑战，为自然应对气候变化提供新思路。12.WhatisspecialaboutthetreesfoundinKenya？A.TheyabsorbmoreCO2.B.TheyhelpturnCO2intosolids.C.Theyreleaseoxygenquickly.D.Theyliveinharmonywithbacteria.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，肯尼亚发现的树木特殊之处在于它们能通过一系列过程将二氧化碳转化为草酸钙，进而转化为碳酸钙，使二氧化碳以固态形式长期封存。故选B。13.Whatisthecorechallengebeforeapplyingthediscoveryglobally？A.Assessingthecostoftheprocess.B.Understandingtheimpactonsoil.C.QuantifyingtheCO2transformation.D.Collectingthedataonbiodiversity.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TheprimaryconcernisdeterminingtheexactamountofCO2thatthesetreescantransformthroughouttheirlifetime.Withoutthisaccuratedata，itischallengingtoassessthefullimpactofthismethodglobally.”可知，在全球应用这一发现前，核心挑战是确定这类树木在生命周期内转化二氧化碳的精确量，即对二氧化碳转化量进行量化。故选C。14.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexploreinthelasttwoparagraphs？A.Theserious