高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.merchantn. 商人；批发商adj. 海上货运的2.fleetn. 舰队；机群；车队3.beholdvt.(beheld，beheld) 看；看见4.spicen. (调味)香料5.maritimeadj. 海的；海运的；海事的6.tournamentn. 锦标赛；联赛7.laptopn. 笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8.pressconference 记者招待会；新闻发布会9.mannedadj. 有人控制的；需人操纵的10.submersiblen. 潜水器；可潜船11.underwateradv. 在水下adj. 水下的12.capsulen. 胶囊；太空舱13.coraln. 珊瑚14.directoryn. 名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录15.exploitvt. 开发；利用；剥削16.gallonn. 加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)17.marineadj. 海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.核心单词1.talen. 故事；叙述2.leaguen. 等级；水平；联合会；联赛3.royaladj. 皇家的；王室的；高贵的4.channeln. 航道；海峡；频道；方法；途径5.bondn. 纽带；关系vt.&vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合6.taxvt. 对……征税；使纳税n. 税；税款7.meanwhileadv. 与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下8.logvt. 把……载入正式记录；记录n. 正式记录；日志；原木9.arrestn. 逮捕；拘留；中止vt. 逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引(注意；心跳停止Ⅲ.拓展单词1.extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长；展开；扩大；提供→extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extensionn.扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2.negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiationn.谈判；协商；磋商3.withdrawvt.&vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离；提，取；脱离(社会；停止提供→withdrawaln.撤离；收回；退出(组织)；提款，取款；戒毒过程4.politicsn.政治；政治观点→politicaladj.政治的；政治上的→politiciann.政治家；政客5.professionn.职业；行业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的→professorn.教授；(大学的)讲师，教员6.mixturen.混合；结合体；混合物→mixvt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixedadj.混合的；混杂的7.coveragen.新闻报道；覆盖范围→covervt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖；支付8.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→applausen.鼓掌；掌声；喝彩9.migrationn.迁移；迁徙；移居→migratev.迁移；(随季节变化)迁徙→migrantn.移民；候鸟10.murdervt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀→murderern.谋杀犯11.mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的12.possessionn.[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possessvt.控制；具有；拥有13.opponentn.反对者；对手；竞争者→opposevt.反对；抵制→opposedadj.反对的；截然不同的→oppositeadj.相反的，对面的n.反面；对立面prep.在……对面构词法：名词词缀-age表“动作、结果、状态”直接＋①cover→coverage覆盖范围②short→shortage短缺③pack→package包④post→postage邮费⑤break→breakage破裂；破损y变i＋⑥marry→marriage婚姻Ⅳ.重点短语1.setsail 起航；开航2.withdrawfrom 退出；撤回3.behometo... 是……的家园4.takeaction 采取措施5.inaleagueofone’sown 独领风骚6.inhand 在手头；可供使用7.underthecommandof 在……指挥下8.amixtureof... ……的混合体9.avarietyof... 各种各样的Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：which引导定语从句Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.中国已经在这些路线沿线的系统和服务上投入了数十亿资金，这将极大地促进整个地区的发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。2.句型：动词-ing形式作主语Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。3.句型：so...that...Thesonlovedhisparentssomuchthathepromisednottoswim.儿子非常爱他的父母，以至于他承诺再也不游泳。extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开vi.&vt.延伸，延续(extensiveadj.广泛的；广阔的extendedadj.延长了的；扩展了的extensionn.延伸；扩大；延期)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Theparkextendsitsopeninghoursbyonehour，givingfamiliesmoretimetoenjoyoutdooractivities.(事物介绍)②Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension(extend)，simplyexplainthesituationtoyourprofessor.③我代表学生会，非常荣幸有机会向您表示最热烈的欢迎，欢迎您参加我们以“开启你的职业生涯”为主题的讲座。(开幕词)OnbehalfoftheStudentUnion，I’mgreatlyhonouredtohavetheopportunitytoextendourwarmestwelcometoyouforyourparticipationinourlecturethemed“Launchingyourcareer”.④我们一见面，我由衷感谢他对我的信任，给了他车费和一些小费。 (2024·新课标卷；读后续写)Theinstantwemet，Iextendedmyheartfeltgratitudetohistrustinme，andgavehimthefareandsometipsaswell.后归纳(1)extendsthtosb 给予某人某物extendby 延长了extendone’sheartfeltgratitudeto 由衷感谢(2)anextendedfamily 大家庭possessionn.[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制(possessvt.拥有；具有；支配)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Whileweareliving，wetendtogetdistractedbyunimportantthings，suchasgatheringmaterialpossessions(possession).②幸福不是渴望没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。(主旨升华)Happinessisnotwishingforwhatwedon’thave，butenjoyingwhatwepossess/takepossessionof/areinpossessionof.③无论何时你情绪失控，牢记一点：只有拥有良好的心态你才能成功。(续写主旨升华)Wheneveryouremotionisoutofcontrol，justkeepinmindthatonlybypossessingagoodstateofmindcanyouachievesuccess.后归纳(1)inpossessionofsth 占有(或拥有)某物inthepossessionofsb 为某人所有takepossessionof 占有；拥有；占领(2)bepossessedofsth 具有(某种品质或特征)bepossessedwith/by 被……控制inhand在手头；可供使用先练透用hand短语填空/完成句子①[译林选必四]Fouryearshaddisappearedinaflash.Istoodwithmycertificateinhandandreflectedonthosefouryears.②Meanwhile，you’dbetterkeepadictionarycloseathandsothatyoucanlookupunfamiliarwordsinit.③看到那位老人过马路时遇到困难，珍妮迅速上前帮忙，她的善举使他的脸上露出了感激的微笑。(动作描写)Seeingtheelderlymanstruggletocrossthestreet，Jennyquicklyapproachedtogivehimahand，herkindgesturebringingathankfulsmiletohisface.④由于有共享单车可使用，我们的生活变得越来越便利了。Withsharedbikesinhand，ourlifehasbecomeincreasinglyconvenient.后归纳(1)athand 近在手边；在附近byhand 手工，用手的(at)firsthand 第一手的(地)；直接的(地)handinhand 手挽手；密切关联ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)... 一方面……另一方面……(2)givesbahand 帮助某人句型公式：as引导时间状语从句【教材原句】Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。先练透完成句子①我的所有队员都对这次比赛感到兴奋，因为我们对计算机编程有着极大的热情。Allmyteammembersareexcitedaboutthiscompetitionaswehavegreatenthusiasmforcomputerprogramming.②随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，更多的学生选择在课堂之外通过各种方式学习英语。Assmartphonesandcomputersgrowincreasinglypopular，morestudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroominvariousways.③尽管大卫累得满头大汗，但他来到我身边拥抱我，像往常一样露齿微笑。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TiredandsweatyasDavidwas，hecametomeforahug，wearinghisusualbigtoothysmile.④俗话说得好：“好人有好报”。Astheoldsayinggoes，“Onegoodturndeservesanother.”后归纳(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。(2)as引导方式状语从句，意为“如同；按照”。(3)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。(4)as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。(5)as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。句型公式：动词-ing形式作主语【教材原句】Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。先练透完成句子①拥有朋友意味着你有人可以聊天，所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。(建议信)Havingfriendsmeansthatyoucanhavesomeonetotalktosothatyoudon’tfeellonelyanddepressed.②虽然随机地把学生混在一起确实可以鼓励更多的交流和互动，但也可能有一些潜在的问题需要考虑。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷；建议信)Whileitistruethatrandomlymixingupstudentscanencouragemorecommunicationandinteraction，theremayalsobesomepotentialissuestoconsider.③如果第二天你太累以至于无法在课堂上集中精力，熬夜学习没有意义。(建议信)Itisnousestayinguplatetostudyifyou’retootiredtofocusthenextdayinclass.后归纳(1)动词-ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。(2)该用法可以用it作形式主语，常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有：good、nogood、nouse、useless等。(3)动词-ing形式可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构。1.mixturen.混合；结合体；混合物(mixv.(使)混合，掺和mixedadj.混合的；混杂的)【诵读领悟】①Ashestoodonthestage，facingthelargeaudience，amixtureofexcitementandnervousnesswelledupinhim.(续写情感描写)当他站在舞台上，面对着众多观众时，他内心涌起一种兴奋与紧张交织的情绪。②Lookingbackonmyseniorhighschooldays，Ihaveamixedfeelingofhappinessandsadness.回顾我上高中时的日子，我有一种快乐和悲伤的混合感觉。【佳句仿写】颁奖典礼结束后，我百感交集。我想和我的老师说些什么。 (2023·新课标卷读后续写)Whentheawardpresentationfinished，Ifeltamixtureoffeelings.Iwantedtosaysomethingwithmyteacher.amixtureofjoyandsadness 悲喜交加feelamixtureoffeelings 百感交集2.mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercilessadj.无情的；毫不怜悯的)【诵读领悟】①Amixtureoffearandmercyseizedme，whichmademelikeacatonhotbricks.(心理描写)心中充满了恐惧和怜悯，使我像热锅上的蚂蚁一样。②Ifweareblindtoourownfaults，wewillnotbeverymercifultoothers.(主旨升华)若对自身过错视而不见，便难以对他人心怀宽容。③Wearesupposedtoshowmercytothedisabledinsteadoflookingdownuponthem.(续写主旨升华)我们应该怜悯残疾人而不是看不起他们。【佳句仿写】她是一个心地善良的女人，常常怜悯那些陷入困境的人。Shewasakind-heartedwomanandoftenhadmercyonpeoplewhowereintrouble.(1)atthemercyof 完全受……支配；任由……摆布withoutmercy 毫不留情地havemercyon 怜悯……show(no)mercyto 对……(不)怜悯/宽恕(2)bemercifulto 对……仁慈3.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏【诵读领悟】①Whenthesingerfinishedherperformance，theaudienceapplaudedwarmlyforfiveminutes.当歌手结束表演时，观众热烈鼓掌了五分钟。②Assoonashewalkedontothestage，thetheaterbrokeintoapplause.他一走上舞台，剧院里就突然响起了掌声。③Hisspeechwasgreetedwithdeafeningapplause.他的演讲得到了震耳欲聋的掌声。【佳句仿写】人群陷入沉默，随后爆发出热烈的掌声。我们一起每走一步，人群的掌声就越热烈。Thecrowdfellintosilence，andthenbrokeintoloudapplause.Witheverystepwetooktogether，theapplausefromthecrowdgrewlouder.breakintoloud/thunderousapplause爆发出热烈的/雷鸣般的掌声维度一词汇语境运用1.(2026·江西省十校第二次联考)Whentherichmanreturned，monthslater，hefoundthatallofhispossessions(possess)hadgone.2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professional(profession)experiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.3.[北师必修二]China’sfirstmanned(man)spaceshipliftedoffon15October，2003.Thespaceship，calledShenzhouⅤ，wascarryingChina’sfirstastronaut，YangLiwei.4.Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencourage(encourage)cooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.5.Thereisanurgentneedforustotry(try)everymeanstofightagainstglobalwarmingwhichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreatures.6.Nowadayscountriesallovertheworldhaveenteredintonegotiations(negotiate)witheachotherconcerninghowtoprotectoceansmoreefficiently.7.Witheverythingprepared，amixture(mix)ofexcitementandhappinessflashedthroughtheirmind.8.Theinstantthebiologistsappeared，theyweregreetedwithaburstofapplause(applaud).维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义1.It’smurdertryingtogettotheairportatthistimeofday. n.困难的事2.Thequestionsdidnottaxme. vt.使负重担3.HazeMabrywalksintotheschoolbuildingeverydayandemptiesgarbagecans，wipesdownbathroomsandmopswetmessesinthehallways. vt.擦，用拖把拖4.Theclimbershadtonegotiateasteeprockface. vt.通过5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ineveryissue，youwillfindaninterestingmixofinterviewsandessaysonthegoodlife，history，philosophy，artsandfashionphotography. n.结合；混合6.Arrestedbythelatestelectronictoys，thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindowswithoutmoving. vt.吸引7.Hedecidedtowithdrawsomemoneyfromthebanksothathecouldpurchasethenewlaptop. vt.提取(存款等)8.Musicisagreatchannelforreleasingyouremotions. n.方法；手段猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思9.leaguen.等级；水平；联合会；联赛①We’replayingagainsttheleaguechampionsnextweek. n.联赛②Thusthefirstworker’sleaguecameintobeing. n.联合会③Whenitcomestocreativity，Lisaisinadifferentleaguefromtheotherartistsinthegroup，alwayscomingupwithoriginalideas. n.等级；水平10.bondn.纽带；关系；保释金(生义)vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合①Thenewtypeofgluebondsavarietyofsurfacesinseconds. vt.使牢固结合②(2025·全国一卷)Additionally，byreadingabouteachother’sexperiences，we’llbetterunderstandourclassmatesandbuildstrongerbonds. n.纽带；关系③Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks. vi.增强信任关系④Thefollowingday，thetaxidriverwasreleasedon$5，000bond. n.保释金Ⅱ.构词法构词法合成名词：由两个或两个以上的单词形成一个新的名词，用以表达一个更具体或更复合的概念指出下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·全国二卷)Fishermengoouttoseadailyandselltheirfishinharbor-sidemarkets.adj.港畔的；港口边的2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Suchstructuredthinking，followedbyglobalregulation，willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall. n.垮台，衰败3.(2024·全国甲卷)Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate，andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature. n.本科生4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers，askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark. n.逛公园的人5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)You’llhitroadblocks，andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes. n.障碍Part1.应用文增分练(短文投稿—海洋保护)你校将以六月八日世界海洋日为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保护海洋的倡议。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：问题引入＋背景铺垫Whenitcomestotheocean，itspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.WorldOceansDayfallsonJune8th.Itsaimistoraisepeople’sawarenessofoceanconservation.中段：阐述海洋的核心价值及倡议保护海洋①Theocean，whichplaysavitalrole，notonlyoffersussufficientfood，butalsomaintainsthebalanceofnature(海洋起着至关重要的作用，它不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且维持了自然的平衡。).WiththeWorldOceansDayapproaching，②thereisanurgentneedtotakemeasurestoprotecttheocean(迫切需要采取措施保护海洋).Tomakeourcontributions，westudentscanhandoutleafletstocallonmorepeopletoprotecttheocean.结尾：总结升华＋未来展望Allinall，③itishightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectingtheocean，sothatwecanbuildamoreharmoniousworldandliveabetterlifeinthefuture(现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了，这样我们才能建设一个更加和谐的世界，在未来过上更好的生活。).【多元表达】④WorldOceansDayfallsonJune8th.Itsaimistoraisepeople’sawarenessofoceanconservation.(升级为定语从句)→WorldOceansDayfallsonJune8th，whoseaimistoraisepeople’sawarenessofoceanconservation.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累神态描写之“哭”(二)【语言素材】泪流满面①tearsroll/run/stream/pourdownsb’sface/cheeks 泪水滑落脸/面颊/眼泪顺着脸/面颊簌簌地落下②bewetwithtears/beintears 泪流满面③infloodsoftears 泪如泉涌哭出声①sob 啜泣②weep哭泣，流泪③cry 哭泣④breakdown (因情绪失去控制而)情不自禁哭起来⑤burstintotears/burstoutcrying 放声大哭⑥cryone’seyes/heartout 痛哭流涕；哭得伤心欲绝⑦agoodlongcry 痛痛快快哭一场⑧crybitter/lonelytears 流下痛苦/孤独的泪水⑨cryoneselftosleep 哭到睡着眼泪有情/擦眼泪①tearsofjoy/regret/frustration/gratitude 高兴/悔恨/沮丧/感激的眼泪②shedtearsofjoy 喜极而泣③wipeone’stearsaway 擦掉眼泪④brushone’stears 抹掉眼泪⑤crywithrelief 欣慰地哭泣【靓句表达】1.Whenthegirlheardthenews，herheartached，andshecriedwithaburstoftears.听到这个消息女孩心痛如绞，她眼泪哗哗地哭了起来。2.Shesobbedbitterly，tastingthesaltfromthetearsthatstreamed/rolled/poureddownherface.她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。3.Afterawhileshelookedup，hereyesredandswollenfromcrying.过了一会儿她抬起头，双眼哭得又红又肿。4.Hestoodsilentlyoutsideherroom，tearsrolling/streaming/pouring/flowingdownhischeeks.他静静地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊流淌下来。5.Hetriedtostaycalm，buttearsofjoystillsprangtohiseyeswhenheheardthegoodnews.他努力保持镇定，但听到好消息时，喜悦的泪水还是涌上了眼眶。6.Seeinghisdaughtercry，thefathergentlybrushedhertearsandtoldhereverythingwouldbeokay.看到女儿在哭，父亲温柔地拭去她的眼泪，告诉她一切都会好起来。续写语料运用用表“哭”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：主题“挑战自我”——失败之后的“哭”Astheteacherstartedtoreadthelist，Istoodstill，anticipatingthefinalitem.WhenIheardthenameofmyopponent，allIwantedtodowasgetoutoftheoffice.①Tearsrolleddownmyface(泪水从我脸上滑落).Iwasquitedisappointedandupset.Ihadputinsomucheffort，andcampaignedtirelessly，butstillfailed.Backintheclassroom，Ibowedmyhead，②myfacewetwithtears(我泪流满面；独立主格).Seeingme③brushmytears(抹掉眼泪)，theyencouragedmenottogiveupandtotryagainthenextyear.TheirwordsbroughtmestrengthandcourageandhelpedmerecognizethatalthoughIlosttheelection，Ihadmadeprogress.Icoulddobetternexttime.单元测评34UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION(限时：45分钟满分：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)A(2026·湖北省八市联考)Killerwhaleshuntfishwithsoundsasclicksandbuzzes—theychooseandchasetheirpreywithsoundwaves.Butacommonfeatureofmodernoceanlifemaybelikeasalmon’sinvisiblecloak(隐形斗篷)，makingthewhales’favoritemealhardertofind.Whatistoblame？Boattrafficnoise.Oceannoisehasbeenincreasingovertheyears，andaninternationalresearchteamrecentlyreportedinGlobalChangeBiologythatwhenthewatergottoonoisy，whalesspentmoretimelookingforfoodbutcaughtfewerfish.Thestudytrackedeverymoveandsoundthatindividualkillerwhalesmade，aswellasthesoundreachingthosewhales.Thisisthefirsttimescientistshavelinkednoisereachingagivenkillerwhaletotheirforaging(觅食)success，saysleadauthorJenniferTennessen.ThenoiseproblemisonethatTennessenviewsaschronic，yetpossiblymorestraightforwardtofixthandecliningfishpopulationsorpollution—shipscouldsimplyslowdowntomakelessnoise.Fortunately，withtheguidanceofbothgovernmentalandnongovernmentalgroups，someshipoperatorsareslowingdown.TheVancouverFraserPortAuthorityinCanadareportedin2023that87percentofshipsslowedormovedoverforsouthernresidentwhalesincriticalhabitat，whichledtoadecreaseof4.2decibels(分贝)comparedto2019，beforeslowdownsbegan.WashingtonportsandotherlocalauthoritiesjoininaprogramofvoluntaryslowdownsinWashingtonwaterscalledQuietSound，whichoffersinformationonkillerwhalelocations.About70percentofshipsfollowQuietSound’sguidelinesandvoluntarilyslowdowninkillerwhalecriticalhabitat.Thetalkaboutinnovationsinpropeller(螺旋桨)technologyisalsopositive.Apropeller，forexample，isbasedonadesignforaquieterdronepropeller.Ifclaimsofamoreefficientandquieterboatpropelleraretrue，that’sgoodnewsforbothreducingfueluseandquietingtraffic.Tennessensaysincreasingshipnoiseisaprobleminoceansaroundtheworld.“We’refinallyabletomeasuretheimpactsthatit’shavingonwildlife，”shesays，“andwe’refindingthattheimpactsarenumerous.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的海洋噪音污染问题给鲸鱼的捕猎带来了困扰，为此，各方从多个角度投入力量改变这一现状。1.Whydoestheauthormentionasalmon’sinvisiblecloak？A.Tointroducethefeatureofsoundwaves.B.Todescribetheenvironmentinwhales’hunting.C.Toemphasizetheinvisibilityofsalmons’cloak.D.Todemonstratethecharacteristicofwhales’hunting.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Butacommonfeatureofmodernoceanlifemaybelikeasalmon’sinvisiblecloak(隐形斗篷)，makingthewhales’favoritemealhardertofind.Whatistoblame？Boattrafficnoise.”可知，这里使用鲑鱼的隐形斗篷作为一个比喻，描述了船只交通噪音如何使得鲸鱼更难找到它们的食物，就像给鲑鱼穿上了一件隐形斗篷一样，由此可知，文中提到鲑鱼的隐形斗篷是为了表明鲸鱼捕食困难的境况。故选B。2.WhatdothestatisticsindicateinParagraph4？A.Noisereductionisineffective.B.Shipoperatorsignoreguidelines.C.QuietSoundprioritizesnoisemonitoring.D.Voluntaryslowdownsleadtonoisereduction.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“TheVancouverFraserPort...beforeslowdownsbegan.”可知，大多数船只遵循指导原则并自愿在关键栖息地减速，从而实现了噪音水平的有效降低，由此可知，第四段中的数据表明了自愿减速导致噪音减少。故选D。3.Whatisthesignificanceofpropellertechnologyinnovations？A.Toaddressnoiseissues.B.Toreducefuelefficiency.C.TofollowQuietSound’sguidelines.D.Tohelpmeasureinfluencesonwildlife.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Apropeller，forexample，isbasedonadesignforaquieterdronepropeller.Ifclaimsofamoreefficientandquieterboatpropelleraretrue，that’sgoodnewsforbothreducingfueluseandquietingtraffic.”可知，螺旋桨技术的创新旨在制造更加安静和高效的船用螺旋桨，有助于解决噪音问题，由此可知，螺旋桨技术创新的意义是解决噪音问题。故选A。4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？A.ShipsSlowDownforWhalesB.BoatNoiseCloudsWhaleForagingC.KillerWhalesBattleNoisePollutionD.TechnologyInnovationsSilencePropellers答案：B解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Butacommonfeatureofmodernoceanlifemaybelikeasalmon’sinvisiblecloak(隐形斗篷)，makingthewhales’favoritemealhardertofind.Whatistoblame？Boattrafficnoise.”可知，噪音污染像鲑鱼的隐形斗篷一样，使得虎鲸难以捕捉到它们的主要食物来源，引出下文介绍的通过船只减速和其他技术手段来减轻这种影响的努力，由此可知，本文主要讲述了船只噪音污染问题给鲸鱼的捕猎带来的困扰以及解决这一问题的方法和技术进步。故选B。B(2026·安徽六校高三联考)Facingintensecompetitionforfoods，seaotters(海獭)survivewiththehelpoftools—likerocksandevenglassbottles—thatletthembreakopentougherprey(猎物)thattheywouldn’totherwisebeabletoeat.That’saccordingtoanewstudyofseaottersinMontereyBay，California，whichtookalookatthetooluseofindividualotters.Thefindingsrevealhowthismayincreasetheirchancesofsurvivalinanuncertainworld.Seaottersspendtheirdayslookingaroundforfoodinkelp(海藻)forests.Theydivetothebottomtograbtastyfood，plussometimesrocksthattheyplantouseastools.Theybringthesetothesurfaceandfloatontheirbacksastheygettoworkonopeningandeatingtheirsnacks.“Theirpreferredfoodisurchins(海胆)，”saysbiologistChrisLaw，whonotesthaturchinsarerelativelyeasyforotterstobreakapart.Butthereareareasover-abundanceofurchins，whereurchinshaveeatenallthekelp.Sincethekelpisgone，however，theseurchinsnolongerhaveagoodfoodsupplyandprovidelittlenutritionalvalueforotters.That’samatteroflife-and-deathtootters，sotheyaren’tinterestedinconsumingthem.“Sothatmeansottershavetoeatalternativefoods，”saysLaw.“Manyofthemarethosesuperhardpreyitemsthatreallyrequiresomekindofexternalforcetobreakinto.”Lawandsomeco-workersanalyzeddataon196ottersinCalifornia.Itturnsoutthatfrequenttooluserswereabletoeatharderandlargerprey.Thiswasparticularlyimportantforfemaleotters，sincethey’resmallerthanmalesandaren’tabletobitedownwithasmuchforce.“Theytypicallywouldn’tbeabletobreakintoharderprey，”saysLaw.“Buttheyusetoolsmorethanmales，sothey’reabletogainaccesstothesenovelsourcesoffooditems.”Besides，usingtoolsprotectedtheotters’teeth.Theresearchersfoundthattoolusershadlessdentaldamagefrombitinghardfooditems.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海獭在食物竞争中借工具生存及相关生存策略。5.Whatcanweinferaboutkelpandurchins？A.Urchinssurvivekelp.B.Urchinsdestroykelpforests.C.Kelpandurchinscoexist.D.Kelprestrictsurchins’growth.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Butthereareareasover-abundanceofurchins，whereurchinshaveeatenallthekelp.”可知，海胆会破坏海藻森林。故选B。6.Whyareurchinsabandonedbyseaotters？A.Urchinsofferlittlenutrition.B.Ottersfindnovelfooditems.C.Urchinsarehardtobreakapart.D.Ottersaretiredofeatingurchins.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Sincethekelpisgone，however，theseurchinsnolongerhaveagoodfoodsupplyandprovidelittlenutritionalvalueforotters.That’samatteroflife-and-deathtootters，sotheyaren’tinterestedinconsumingthem.”可知，海獭之所以会抛弃海胆，是因为海胆提供的营养很少。故选A。7.Whatcanweknowaboutmaleotters？A.Theyprefertoconsumesoftfood.B.Theymakelessuseoftoolsforfood.C.Theirfoodchainhasbeenbroken.D.Theirteethareeasiertogetdamaged.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Buttheyusetoolsmorethanmales，sothey’reabletogainaccesstothesenovelsourcesoffooditems.”可知，雌性海獭比雄性海獭更多地使用工具来获取食物，即雄性海獭较少使用工具获取食物。故选B。8.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A.SeaOtters’FavoriteFood：UrchinsinKelpForestsB.TheRelationshipBetweenSeaOtters’DietandKelpForestsC.DifferencesinToolUseBetweenMaleandFemaleSeaOttersD.ToolUse：AKeytoSeaOtters’SurvivalinCompetitionforFood答案：D解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段以及文章开篇点明海獭在食物竞争激烈的情况下借助工具生存，接着阐述了海獭因食物变化不得不食用难获取的食物，而使用工具对它们获取食物、生存以及保护牙齿都有重要作用。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·江西省部分校5月联考)Sustainablepackaginghasbecomeabuzzword(时髦术语)inrecentyears，advocatedbybrandsandconsumersalikeasawaytoreduceenvironmentalharm.Frompaper-basedmaterialstobiodegradable(可生物降解的)alternatives，theshiftawayfromtraditionalplasticsappearstobeastepintherightdirection.1Oneofthemostpopularalternativestoplasticsispaper-basedpackaging.Thelogicappearssound.2However，theenvironmentalcostofpaperproductionisoftenoverlooked.Comparedtoplastic，producingpaperpackagingrequiressignificantlymoreenergyandwater.Astudyhighlightedthatpaperbagsrequireatleastfourtimesmoreenergytomanufacturethanplasticbags.3Whilemanybrandsclaimtouseresponsiblysourcedorrecycledpaper，theglobaldemandforpaperpackagingstillplacesimmensepressureonforests.Thispressurewillcausetoomuchtreecuttingandhabitatloss，harmingwildlife.Inaddition，thelossoftreeswillreducetheplanet’sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.Moreover，paper-basedpackagingisusuallyheavierthanplasticones.4Forinstance，truckscarryingpaperpackagesusemorefuel，increasingemissions.Thisextraweightalsomakeslogistics(物流)morechallenging.Therefore，thefulllifecycleofpaperpackagingshowsitseco-benefitsaren’tasclearastheyseem.5Thismeansfocusingonreducingwastefirst，makingbetterwastemanagementsystems，andusingsustainablematerialsinthebestway.Onlybydoingallthesethingstogethercanwecutdownonenvironmentalharm.A.Thiscanmaketransportationlessefficient.B.Therefore，manybrandsnowusepaper-basedpackaging.C.However，beneaththesurfaceliesamorecomplexreality.D.Itsproductionrequiresfourtimestheenergyofplasticbags.E.Toachieverealsustainablepackaging，weneedacompleteapproach.F.Thedestructionofforestslinkedtothepaperindustryisanotherconcern.G.Paperisbiodegradable，recyclable，andobtainedfromrenewableresources.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可持续包装的话题，特别是纸基包装作为塑料替代品所面临的复杂现实，包括其生产过程中的环境成本、对森林的压力以及物流挑战等，最后提出了实现真正可持续包装需要采取的综合措施。1.答案：C解析：上文“近年来，可持续包装已成为一个流行词，品牌和消费者都倡导将其作为减少环境危害的一种方式。从纸质材料到可生物降解的替代品，从传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。”说明可持续包装已成为流行词，且从传统塑料的转变似乎是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，空处承接上文，选项C说明可持续包装背后有更复杂的现实，引出下文。故选C。2.答案：G解析：上文“Oneofthemostpopularalternativestoplasticsispaper-basedpackaging.Thelogicappearssound.”说明纸基包装的逻辑合理，空处承接上文，选项G“纸是可生物降解的、可回收的，并且可以从可再生资源中获得。”符合语境，进一步说明纸基包装的优势。3.答案：F解析：空格下文“虽然许多品牌声称使用负责任采购或回收的纸张，但全球对纸包装的需求仍然给森林带来了巨大压力。这种压力将导致过多的树木砍伐和栖息地丧失，危害野生动物。此外，树木的减少将降低地球吸收二氧化碳的能力。”说明纸包装的需求给森林带来了巨大压力，空处位于段首，应是对下文的总结。故选F。4.答案：A解析：上文“Moreover，paper-basedpackagingisusuallyheavierthanplasticones.”说明纸基包装比塑料包装重，空处承接上文，选项A“这会使运输效率降低。”符合语境，说明纸基包装比塑料包装重带来的后果。故选A。5.答案：E解析：空格上文说明纸包装的生态效益并不像看上去那么明显，下文“这意味着首先要关注减少浪费，建立更好的废物管理系统，并以最好的方式使用可持续材料。”说明实现真正可持续包装需要采取的措施，空处承上启下，选项E“要实现真正的可持续包装，我们需要一个全面的方法。”符合语境，说明实现真正可持续包装需要采取综合措施。故选E。Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)(2026·山东省临沂市模拟)Growingup，Ispentalotoftimeoutdoors—campingandskiinginthemountains.At16，IdecidedtogotoAntarcticaalone.WhenItoldmyparents，they1Ihadalreadymadeupmymind.Myparentsaregreatrolemodels—manyparentstelltheirchildrentowaituntilthey’reolderto2theirdreams.Butifyouwaittoolongyou’llhaveother3.Thejourneyis1，130km.Ihadtoincreasemybodyweightto4thesuppliesonmysledge(雪橇)，soIdidalotof5trainingtogainmuscle.To6，Iwatcheddocumentariesandreadeverybookonthesubject.Tokeepme7onthetrip，Ihadpodcastsandmusic.But，thefurtherIwent，themoreIenjoyedjustexperiencingthe8.Onthe9days，Iwasinsnowuptomykneesandcouldonlygo8.5kmin10hours.Then，whenIarrivedontheplateau(高原)，Ireallyfeltthe10andcoldairaffectingmylungs.Towardstheend，mylungswerepainful，andI11tobreathe.Beforefinishing，Ididn’tallowmyselftothinkmuch，becauseIhadtobe12.SowhenIarrived，fiftydaysafter13，itwasfantastictoenjoywhatIhadachieved，thoughIalsofeltaslightemptinessbecausemy14forsolonghadbeenaboutplanningthisproject.IhopeonedayIwill15anddoabiggerexpeditiononmyown.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者16岁时独自去南极洲的经历，包括出发前的准备、旅途中的艰辛以及完成旅程后的感受。1.A.suspected B.realizedC.expected D.proved答案：B解析：根据上文的“WhenItoldmyparents”以及下文的“Ihadalreadymadeupmymind”可知，父母意识到作者已经下定决心。故选B。2.A.explore B.interpretC.share D.change答案：A解析：根据上文的“Growingup，Ispentalotoftimeoutdoors—campingandskiinginthemountains.”可知，作者的很多时间都是在户外探索，结合下文的“theirdreams”可知，此处指的是探索梦想。故选A。3.A.complaints B.regretsC.advantages D.commitments答案：D解析：根据生活常识和上文的“manyparentstelltheirchildrentowaituntilthey’reoldertotheirdreams”可知，很多家长告诉孩子等到年龄大了去探索梦想，结合But可知，此处指的是如果等太久再去实现梦想，那时会有其他责任。故选D。4.