2026年北师大版初中英语下册第5单元课后练习题及答案

2026年北师大版初中英语下册第5单元课后练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年北师大版初中英语下册第5单元课后练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatdoesthephrase"takepridein"usuallymeaninEnglish?A.TofeelangryaboutsomethingB.TofeelhappyaboutsomethingyouhavedoneorownC.ToignoresomethingimportantD.Tobeafraidofsomething参考答案：B2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisanexampleofthepresentperfecttense?A.Shegoestoschooleveryday.B.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.C.Hewillcallyoulater.D.Wewereplayingfootballyesterday.参考答案：B3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonwhypeopleshouldprotecttheenvironment?A.TomakemoremoneyB.TokeeptheEarthcleanandhealthyC.TobuildmorefactoriesD.Totravelmoreoften参考答案：B4.WhatisthecorrectwaytoaskforthetimeinEnglish?A.Whattimeisitnow?B.Howmanytimeisit?C.Whenisthetime?D.Canyoutellmethetime?参考答案：A5.Whichwordbestdescribesthemeaningof"persistent"?A.StrongB.LazyC.Short-temperedD.Unhappy参考答案：A6.Inthesentence"Thebookisonthetable,"whatisthefunctionof"on"?A.NounB.VerbC.AdjectiveD.Preposition参考答案：D7.Whatisthepasttenseformoftheverb"togo"?A.GaveB.GoneC.WentD.Going参考答案：C8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthethirdpersonsingularpresenttense?A.Shegotothepark.B.HewatchTVeveryevening.C.Theyplaystheguitarwell.D.Iamstudyhard.参考答案：B9.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheimportanceoflearningEnglish?A.Itisnotimportantatall.B.Itisonlyimportantforstudents.C.Itisveryimportantforeveryone.D.Itismoreimportantthanlearningothersubjects.参考答案：C10.Whatisthecorrectwaytowritethedate"May15,2023"infull?A.15thMay2023B.May15th2023C.2023May15thD.15May2023参考答案：B二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Theboyoftenplaysfootball______theparkeveryafternoon.参考答案：in2.Mysisterisgoodatsingingandsheoftenperforms______herclassmates.参考答案：to3.WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextmonth,______?参考答案：aren't4.Ifit______finetomorrow,wewillgohiking.参考答案：is5.Theteacheraskedus______wehadfinishedourhomework.参考答案：if6.Sheisinterestedincollectingstamps.Shespendsalotoftime______them.参考答案：collecting7.Look!Thechildrenareplayinghappily______theplayground.参考答案：on8.Whattimedoesthetrainusually______fromBeijingtoShanghai?参考答案：arrive9.Myfathergoestoworkbycareveryday,______mymothergoesbybus.参考答案：but10.It'simportanttokeep______andhelpeachother.参考答案：polite三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.The5thunitofthe2026NorthNormalUniversityeditionjuniorhighschoolEnglishtextbookfocusesonthetopicof"EnvironmentProtection."参考答案：√2.Inthe5thunit,studentslearnhowtoexpresstheiropinionsaboutenvironmentalproblemsusingthesimplefuturetense.参考答案：×3.Thereadingpassageinthe5thunitmainlydescribesthecausesofairpollutioninmoderncities.参考答案：×4."Litteringisharmfultotheenvironment"isanexampleofafunctionalsentencetaughtinthe5thunit.参考答案：√5.Thegrammarpoint"canbeusedtodosomething"isakeystructureemphasizedinthe5thunit.参考答案：×6.Inthewritingtaskofthe5thunit,studentsareaskedtowritealettertotheirlocalgovernmentaboutenvironmentalissues.参考答案：√7.Theunittestforthe5thunitincludesasectiononvocabularyrelatedtonaturaldisasters.参考答案：×8."Recyclingpapercansavetrees"isastatementthatreflectsthemainideaofthe5thunit.参考答案：√9.The5thunitdoesnotincludeanylisteningexercisesaboutenvironmentalprotection.参考答案：×10.Theunitprojectinthe5thunitrequiresstudentstodesignapostertopromotewaterconservation.参考答案：×四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.Whatarethemainfeaturesofthereadingpassage"TheGreatWall"?参考答案：Thepassagemainlydescribesthehistory,length,andculturalsignificanceoftheGreatWall.Itmentionsthewall'sconstructionovercenturies,itsroleindefense,anditscurrentstatusasatouristattractionandUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.ThepassagealsohighlightstheGreatWall'sarchitecturalmarvelanditsrepresentationofChinesecivilization.2.HowdoesthecharacterAlicechangeinthestory"Alice'sAdventuresinWonderland"?参考答案：Alicechangesfromacuriousandsomewhatnaivechildtoamorerationalandcriticalthinker.Initially,sheiseagertoexploretheunknown,butasthestoryprogresses,shebecomesmoreskepticalandtriestomakesenseoftheabsurdworldaroundher.Herexperiencesalsomakehermoreindependentandassertive.3.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinthechloroplasts,wherechlorophyllcaptureslightenergy.Theprocesshastwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Inthelight-dependentreactions,sunlightisconvertedintochemicalenergy(ATPandNADPH).IntheCalvincycle,carbondioxideisfixedandusedtoproduceglucose.4.Explainthefunctionoftheheartinthehumanbody.参考答案：Theheartfunctionsasamuscularpumpthatcirculatesbloodthroughoutthebody.Ithasfourchambers:twoatriaandtwoventricles.Therightatriumreceivesdeoxygenatedbloodfromthebody,whichthenmovestotherightventricleandispumpedtothelungsforoxygenation.Oxygenatedbloodreturnsfromthelungstotheleftatrium,movestotheleftventricle,andisthendistributedtothebody.Theheart'spumpingactionmaintainsbloodpressureandensuresefficientcirculation.5.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenfeudalismandcapitalism?参考答案：Feudalismandcapitalismdifferinownershipofresources,economicsystem,socialstructure,andpoliticalpower.Infeudalism,landistheprimaryresource,ownedbylords,andpeasantsworkthelandinexchangeforprotectionandashareoftheproduce.Theeconomyisbasedonagriculture,andsocialhierarchyisrigid.Incapitalism,privateownershipofpropertyandmeansofproductionprevails,andtheeconomyisdrivenbymarketforces.Socialmobilityisgreater,andpoliticalpowerisoftentiedtoeconomicwealth.6.HowdoplatetectonicsaffecttheEarth'ssurface?参考答案：PlatetectonicsaffecttheEarth'ssurfacebycausingearthquakes,volcaniceruptions,mountainbuilding,andtheformationofoceanbasins.TheEarth'slithosphereisdividedintoseveralplatesthatfloatontheasthenosphereandmoveslowly.Whenplatescollide,theycanformmountainsorcauseearthquakes.Whenplatesseparate,theycancreateriftvalleysormid-oceanridges.Subductionzones,whereoneplatemovesunderanother,canleadtovolcanicactivity.7.Whyisitimportanttoprotectendangeredspecies?参考答案：Protectingendangeredspeciesisimportantbecauseitmaintainsbiodiversity,whichisessentialforecosystemstabilityandhumanwell-being.Biodiversityprovidesecosystemservicessuchaspollination,waterpurification,andsoilfertility.Manyspecieshavepotentialmedical,economic,orculturalvalue.Additionally,protectingendangeredspeciesraisesawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesandpromotesconservationefforts.8.WhatarethebasicprinciplesofNewton'slawsofmotion?参考答案：Newton'slawsofmotionconsistofthreebasicprinciples:thelawofinertia,thelawofacceleration,andthelawofactionandreaction.Thelawofinertiastatesthatanobjectatreststaysatrest,andanobjectinmotionstaysinmotionwiththesamespeedanddirectionunlessacteduponbyanexternalforce.Thelawofaccelerationstatesthattheaccelerationofanobjectisdirectlyproportionaltothenetforceactingonitandinverselyproportionaltoitsmass.Thelawofactionandreactionstatesthatforeveryaction,thereisanequalandoppositereaction.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）TheschoolscienceclubisplanningaspecialeventtocelebrateEarthDay.Theydecidedtoorganizeatree-plantingactivityintheschoolgarden.TheeventwilltakeplaceonSaturday,April22nd,from9:00AMto12:00PM.Allstudentsareencouragedtoparticipate.Volunteerswillhelpdigholes,plantseedlings,andwaterthenewtrees.Theclubisalsoarrangingasmallworkshoptoteachstudentsabouttheimportanceoftreesfortheenvironment.Refreshmentswillbeprovided.Ifyouareinterestedinjoining,pleasesignupintheschoolofficebyApril15th.Let'smakeadifferenceforourplanet!1.Whenwillthetree-plantingactivitytakeplace?A.OnSunday,April23rdB.OnSaturday,April22ndC.From8:00AMto11:00AMD.From1:00PMto4:00PM参考答案：B2.Howmanyhourswilltheeventlast?A.2hoursB.3hoursC.4hoursD.5hours参考答案：B3.Whoisencouragedtoparticipateintheevent?A.OnlystudentsfromGrade7B.OnlystudentsfromGrade8C.OnlystudentsfromGrade9D.Allstudents参考答案：D4.Whatwillvolunteersdoduringtheevent?A.Theywilltalkabouttheenvironment.B.Theywilldigholes,plantseedlings,andwatertrees.C.Theywillproviderefreshments.D.Theywillteachaworkshop.参考答案：B5.Whenshouldstudentssignupiftheywanttojoin?A.BeforeApril15thB.AfterApril15thC.OnApril22ndD.OnApril23rd参考答案：A6.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheevent?A.TohaveapartyB.TocelebrateEarthDayC.TostudyscienceD.Toselltrees参考答案：B7.Wherecanstudentssignupfortheevent?A.InthesciencelabB.IntheschoolofficeC.InthegardenD.Inthelibrary参考答案：B8.Istheeventfreetojoin?Thetextdoesnotprovideinformationaboutthecost.参考答案：×标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：Thephrase"takepridein"meanstofeelhappyorsatisfiedaboutsomethingyouhavedoneorown.Itindicatesasenseofaccomplishmentorself-respect.OptionAisincorrectbecause"feelangryaboutsomething"meanstobeupsetorannoyed.OptionCiswrongbecause"ignoresomethingimportant"meanstonotpayattentiontosomethingsignificant.OptionDisnotcorrectbecause"beafraidofsomething"meanstofeelscaredofsomething.Therefore,Bisthecorrectanswer.2.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework"isanexampleofthepresentperfecttense.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathasbeencompletedinthepastbutisstillrelevanttothepresent.OptionAusesthesimplepresenttense("goes").OptionCusesthefuturetense("willcall").OptionDusesthesimplepasttense("wereplaying").Thus,Bisthecorrectchoice.3.参考答案：B解析：ThemainreasonwhypeopleshouldprotecttheenvironmentistokeeptheEarthcleanandhealthy.Thisisevidentfromthepassagewhichemphasizestheimportanceofpreservingnatureforfuturegenerations.OptionAisincorrectbecauseprotectingtheenvironmentisnotprimarilyaboutmakingmoney.OptionCiswrongbecausebuildingmorefactorieswouldharmtheenvironment.OptionDisnotrelevantbecausetravelingoftendoesnotdirectlyrelatetoenvironmentalprotection.Therefore,Bisthecorrectanswer.4.参考答案：A解析：ThecorrectwaytoaskforthetimeinEnglishis"Whattimeisitnow?"Thisisastandardandpolitewaytoinquireaboutthecurrenttime.OptionBisincorrectbecause"Howmanytimeisit?"isgrammaticallywrong.OptionCisnotcorrectbecause"Whenisthetime?"istoovague.OptionDisnotappropriatebecause"Canyoutellmethetime?"ismoreofarequestthanadirectquestion.Thus,Aisthecorrectchoice.5.参考答案：A解析："Persistent"meanstocontinuetryingtodosomethingdespitedifficultiesorproblems.Itimpliesstrengthanddetermination.OptionBisincorrectbecause"lazy"meansnotwantingtoworkorbeactive.OptionCiswrongbecause"short-tempered"meanseasilyannoyedorangry.OptionDisnotcorrectbecause"unhappy"meansnotfeelinghappy.Therefore,Aisthecorrectanswer.6.参考答案：D解析：Inthesentence"Thebookisonthetable,""on"isapreposition.Aprepositionshowstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherwordsinthesentence.OptionAisincorrectbecause"noun"isapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,oridea.OptionBiswrongbecause"verb"isapartofspeechthatexpressesanactionorstateofbeing.OptionCisnotcorrectbecause"adjective"isapartofspeechthatdescribesanounorpronoun.Thus,Disthecorrectchoice.7.参考答案：C解析：Thepasttenseformoftheverb"togo"is"went."Thisisaregularverb,anditspasttenseisformedbyadding"-ed."OptionAisincorrectbecause"gave"isthepasttenseof"give."OptionBiswrongbecause"gone"isthepastparticipleof"go."OptionDisnotcorrectbecause"going"isthepresentparticiple.Therefore,Cisthecorrectanswer.8.参考答案：B解析：Acorrectuseofthethirdpersonsingularpresenttenseis"HewatchTVeveryevening."However,thecorrectformshouldbe"HewatchesTVeveryevening."Theverb"watch"shouldbeconjugatedto"watches"forthethirdpersonsingular.OptionAisincorrectbecause"Shegotothepark"shouldbe"Shegoestothepark."OptionCiswrongbecause"Theyplaystheguitarwell"shouldbe"Theyplaytheguitarwell."OptionDisnotcorrectbecause"Iamstudyhard"shouldbe"Iamstudyinghard."Thus,Bisthecorrectchoice.9.参考答案：C解析：Accordingtothepassage,theauthorthinksthatlearningEnglishisveryimportantforeveryone.Thisisevidentfromtheauthor'semphasisonthebenefitsofknowingEnglishinvariousaspectsoflife.OptionAisincorrectbecausetheauthordoesnotbelieveitisnotimportantatall.OptionBiswrongbecausetheauthorthinksitisimportantformorethanjuststudents.OptionDisnotcorrectbecausetheauthordoesnotclaimitismoreimportantthanlearningothersubjects.Therefore,Cisthecorrectanswer.10.参考答案：B解析：Thecorrectwaytowritethedate"May15,2023"infullis"May15th2023."ThisfollowsthestandardEnglishformatfordates.OptionAisincorrectbecause"15thMay2023"placesthedaybeforethemonth.OptionCiswrongbecause"2023May15th"placestheyearbeforethemonth.OptionDisnotcorrectbecause"15May2023"doesnotusetheordinalnumber"th"fortheday.Thus,Bisthecorrectchoice.二、填空题1.in解析：考查介词。根据句意“那个男孩经常每天下午在公园踢足球”，表示在某个地方，应用介词in。2.to解析：考查介词。根据句意“我的姐姐擅长唱歌，她经常在同学面前表演”，表示向某人表演，应用介词to。3.aren't解析：考查反义疑问句。根据前句主语We是复数，助动词用are，所以反义疑问句用aren't。4.is解析：考查一般现在时。根据时间状语tomorrow，表示将来的情况，用一般现在时。5.if解析：考查宾语从句。根据句意“老师问我们是否完成了作业”，宾语从句用陈述语序，连接词if。6.collecting解析：考查动名词。根据句意“她对集邮感兴趣。她花很多时间集邮”，spendsalotoftimedoingsth.固定搭配。7.on解析：考查介词。根据句意“看！孩子们正在操场上快乐地玩耍”，表示在某个表面上，应用介词on。8.arrive解析：考查动词时态。根据句意“火车通常什么时候从北京到上海出发”，表示到达，用arrive。9.but解析：考查连词。根据句意“我父亲每天乘汽车上班，但我母亲乘公共汽车”，表示转折，用but。10.polite解析：考查形容词。根据句意“保持礼貌并互相帮助很重要”，keep+adj.固定搭配，polite意为礼貌的。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：The5thunitofthe2026NorthNormalUniversityeditionjuniorhighschoolEnglishtextbookindeedfocusesonthetopicof"EnvironmentProtection,"asindicatedbythetitleandcontentoftheunit.2.参考答案：×解析：The5thunitprimarilyusesthepresentsimpletensetodiscussenvironmentalissues,notthesimplefuturetense.Thesimplefuturetensemightbetouchedupon,butitisnotthemaintenseusedforexpressingopinionsaboutenvironmentalproblems.3.参考答案：×解析：Thereadingpassageinthe5thunitmightmentionairpollution,butitisunlikelytofocussolelyonthattopic.Theunittypicallycoversarangeofenvironmentalissuessuchaswaterpollution,wastemanagement,andconservation.4.参考答案：√解析："Litteringisharmfultotheenvironment"isindeedanexampleofafunctionalsentencethatstudentsmightlearninthe5thunit,asithelpsthemexpresstheiropinionsaboutenvironmentalissues.5.参考答案：×解析："Canbeusedtodosomething"isnotakeystructureemphasizedinthe5thunit.Theunitmightcovervariousgrammaticalstructures,butthisspecificstructureismorecommonlyassociatedwithotherunits.6.参考答案：√解析：Thewritingtaskinthe5thunitoftenasksstudentstowritealettertotheirlocalgovernmentaboutenvironmentalissues,encouragingthemtoapplywhattheyhavelearned.7.参考答案：×解析：Theunittestforthe5thunittypicallyincludesvocabularyrelatedtoenvironmentalprotection,notnaturaldisasters.Naturaldisastersmightbecoveredinadifferentunit.8.参考答案：√解析："Recyclingpapercansavetrees"isastatementthatreflectsthemainideaofthe5thunit,astheunitoftenemphasizestheimportanceofrecyclingandconservation.9.参考答案：×解析：The5thunitdoesincludelisteningexercisesaboutenvironmentalprotection,aslisteningskillsareanimportantpartoflanguagelearningandareoftenintegratedintotheunit.10.参考答案：×解析：Theunitprojectinthe5thunitoftenrequiresstudentstodesignapostertopromoteenvironmentalprotection,notjustwaterconservation.Theprojectmightcoverabroaderrangeofenvironmentalissues.四、简答题1.参考答案：Thepassagemainlydescribesthehistory,length,andculturalsignificanceoftheGreatWall.Itmentionsthewall'sconstructionovercenturies,itsroleindefense,anditscurrentstatusasatouristattractionandUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.ThepassagealsohighlightstheGreatWall'sarchitecturalmarvelanditsrepresentationofChinesecivilization.解析：本题考查对阅读文章主旨的概括能力。解析需指出文章围绕长城的历史、长度、文化意义展开，提及建造过程、防御作用、旅游价值、世界遗产地位、建筑奇迹及文化象征等要点。学生需通读全文，抓住关键信息，进行归纳总结。此题为基础题，考察学生对文章主旨的理解。2.参考答案：Alicechangesfromacuriousandsomewhatnaivechildtoamorerationalandcriticalthinker.Initially,sheiseagertoexploretheunknown,butasthestoryprogresses,shebecomesmoreskepticalandtriestomakesenseoftheabsurdworldaroundher.Herexperiencesalsomakehermoreindependentandassertive.解析：本题考查对人物性格变化的分析能力。解析需指出Alice从好奇天真到理性批判的转变，从热衷探索到怀疑现实，从依赖他人到独立自主的发展过程。学生需结合故事情节，分析Alice在不同情境下的表现和心理变化。此题为基础题，考察学生对人物性格发展的理解。3.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinthechloroplasts,wherechlorophyllcaptureslightenergy.Theprocesshastwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).Inthelight-dependentreactions,sunlightisconvertedintochemicalenergy(ATPandNADPH).IntheCalvincycle,carbondioxideisfixedandusedtoproduceglucose.解析：本题考查对植物光合作用过程的理解。解析需指出光合作用的原料、产物、场所、条件和阶段。学生需掌握光合作用的基本原理和化学反应过程，包括光反应和暗反应的区分和联系。此题为基础题，考察学生对生物学基础知识的掌握。4.参考答案：Theheartfunctionsasamuscularpumpthatcirculatesbloodthroughoutthebody.Ithasfourchambers:twoatriaandtwoventricles.Therightatriumreceivesdeoxygenatedbloodfromthebody,whichthenmovestotherightventricleandispumpedtothelungsforoxygenation.Oxygenatedbloodreturnsfromthelungstotheleftatrium,movestotheleftventricle,andisthendistributedtothebody.Theheart'spumpingactionmaintainsbloodpressureandensuresefficientcirculation.解析：本题考查对心脏功能的理解。解析需指出心脏作为泵的功能，包括四个腔室的结构和血液流动路径，以及心脏如何维持血压和血液循环。学生需掌握心脏解剖结构和生理功能的基本知识。此题为基础题，考察学生对人体解剖学基础知识的掌握。5.参考答案：Feudalismandcapitalismdifferinownershipofresources,economicsystem,socialstructure,andpoliticalpower.Infeudalism,landistheprimaryresource,ownedbylords,andpeasantsworkthelandinexchangeforprotectionandashareoftheproduce.Theeconomyisbasedonagriculture,andsocialhierarchyisrigid.Incapitalism,privateownershipofpropertyandmeansofproductionprevails,andtheeconomyisdrivenbymarketforces.Socialmobilityisgreater,andpoliticalpowerisoftentiedtoeconomicwealth.解析：本题考查对封建主义和资本主义差异的比较分析能力。解析需指出两者在资源所有权、经济制度、社会结构和政治权力方面的区别。学生需掌握两种社会制度的基本特征和核心差异。此题为中等题，考察学生对历史和社会学基础知识的比较理解。6.参考答案：PlatetectonicsaffecttheEarth'ssurfacebycausingearthquakes,volcaniceruptions,mountainbuilding,andtheformationofoceanbasins.TheEarth'slithosphereisdividedintoseveralplatesthatfloatontheasthenosphereandmoveslowly.Whenplatescollide,theycanformmountainsorcauseearthquakes.Whenplatesseparate,theycancreateriftvalleysormid-oceanridges.Subductionzones,whereoneplatemovesunderanother,canleadtovolcanicactivity.解析：本题考查对板块构造学说的理解。解析需指出板块运动对地表的影响，包括地震、火山、造山和海洋盆地形成等。学生需掌握板块构造的基本原理和主要地质现象。此题为中等题，考察学生对地质学基础知识的理解。7.参考答案：Protec