上海市人教版高中三年级英语上册第10章课后练习题及答案

上海市人教版高中三年级英语上册第10章课后练习题及答案第1页共1页上海市人教版高中三年级英语上册第10章课后练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatdoestheword"ubiquitous"mostlikelymeaninthecontextofthepassage?A.RareanduniqueB.WidespreadandcommonC.ExpensiveandluxuriousD.Ancientandoutdated参考答案：B2.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingisamajoradvantageofrenewableenergysources?A.TheyaremoreexpensivetoinstallB.TheyproduceharmfulbyproductsC.TheyarelimitedinsupplyD.Theyreducepollution参考答案：D3.Ifastudentscores85%onatest,howmanypointsdidtheyearnoutofapossible100?A.15B.85C.100D.115参考答案：B4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescorrectlyusesthepastperfecttense?A.Shehadwrittentheletterbeforehearrived.B.Theywenttothestoreyesterday.C.Hewillcallyoutomorrow.D.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.参考答案：A5.Accordingtothemap,whichcityislocateddirectlynorthofCityB?A.CityAB.CityCC.CityDD.CityE参考答案：B6.Whatistheslopeofthelinerepresentedbytheequationy=3x-4?A.-3B.3C.4D.-4参考答案：B7.Ifaboxcontains5redballs,3blueballs,and2greenballs,whatistheprobabilityofrandomlyselectingablueball?A.1/10B.3/10C.5/10D.7/10参考答案：B8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrecttranslationof"Lebensversicherung"intoEnglish?A.HealthinsuranceB.CarinsuranceC.LifeinsuranceD.Homeinsurance参考答案：C9.Accordingtothegraph,whatwasthepopulationofCityXin2010?A.500,000B.750,000C.1,000,000D.1,250,000参考答案：B10.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisanexampleofthepassivevoice?A.Thedogchasedthecat.B.Thecatwaschasedbythedog.C.Sheisreadingabook.D.Theywillfinishtheprojecttomorrow.参考答案：B二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thenewpolicywill_______thelocaleconomyinthenextfewyears.参考答案：boost2.Despitetheheavyrain,they_______managedtocompletetheprojectontime.参考答案：still3.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youshould_______moreEnglishmovies.参考答案：watch4.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto_______theirhomeworkbeforethenextclass.参考答案：handin5.Mybrotheris_______tojointheclubnextmonth.参考答案：eager6.Thecompanyplansto_______anewfactoryinthesuburbsnextyear.参考答案：build7.Sheis_______inlearninghowtoplaytheguitar.参考答案：interested8.Weneedto_______moretreestoimprovetheenvironment.参考答案：plant9.Thebookis_______interestingandinformative.参考答案：both10.Heis_______tovisithisgrandparentsthisweekend.参考答案：going三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.参考答案：√2.Inthesentence"ShehasbeenlivinginShanghaiforfiveyears,"theverb"hasbeenliving"isinthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.参考答案：√3.Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedtoemphasizetheobjectoftheactionratherthanthesubject.参考答案：√4."Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?"isanexampleofapoliterequestinEnglish.参考答案：√5.Theword"ambitious"isanadjectivethatmeanshavingastrongdesiretosucceedorachievesomething.参考答案：√6.Inthepoem"TheRoadNotTaken"byRobertFrost,thespeakerchoosesthelesstraveledpath,symbolizingindividualityandnonconformity.参考答案：√7.Thenovel"1984"byGeorgeOrwellissetinadystopiansocietywherethegovernmenthastotalcontroloverthepeople'slives.参考答案：√8.Theuseofcommasisnecessarytoseparateitemsinalist,buttheyarenotrequiredwhenlistingonlytwoitems.参考答案：×9.Theverb"tolie"meanstoreclineorrestinahorizontalposition.参考答案：×10.Theword"serendipity"referstotheoccurrenceanddevelopmentofeventsbychanceinahappyorbeneficialway.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheBritisheducationsystem?参考答案：TheBritisheducationsystemischaracterizedbyacombinationofstateandprivateschooling,anationalcurriculum,andatieredstructureincludingprimary,secondary,andhighereducation.Italsoemphasizesacademicachievementandhasastrongtraditionofindependentschools.2.HowdoesthegovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomregulatethefinancialmarkets?参考答案：TheUKgovernmentregulatesfinancialmarketsthroughtheFinancialConductAuthority(FCA)andthePrudentialRegulationAuthority(PRA).Thesebodiessetrules,monitorcompliance,andprotectconsumers.3.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy,usingcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandtheCalvincycle.4.ExplaintheroleoftheEuropeanUnioninpromotingeconomicintegrationamongitsmemberstates.参考答案：TheEuropeanUnionpromoteseconomicintegrationamongitsmemberstatesthroughthecreationofasinglemarket,theadoptionofcommoneconomicpolicies,andthecoordinationoftradeagreements.5.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeonpolaricecaps.参考答案：Climatechangehasledtoasignificantreductioninthevolumeandthicknessofpolaricecaps,primarilyduetorisingglobaltemperatures.Thismeltingcontributestosea-levelriseandaltersoceancurrents.6.WhataretheprimaryfunctionsoftheWorldHealthOrganization?参考答案：TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)primaryfunctionsincludeprovidingleadershiponglobalhealthissues,settinghealthstandards,promotinghealththroughprograms,andrespondingtohealthemergencies.7.HowdoestheUnitedNationsSecurityCounciloperateinmaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity?参考答案：TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil(UNSC)operatesthroughthefivepermanentmembers(China,France,Russia,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates)andtennon-permanentmembers,withthepowertomakebindingdecisionsonpeaceandsecurityissues.8.Describethemaindifferencesbetweentheatomicstructuresofelementsinthesameperiodontheperiodictable.参考答案：Elementsinthesameperiodontheperiodictablehavethesamenumberofelectronshellsbutdifferinthenumberofprotonsandelectrons,leadingtovariationsinatomicmassandchemicalproperties.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterishostingaseriesofworkshopstopromoteenvironmentalawarenessandsustainableliving.Thefirstworkshop,titled"RecyclingMadeEasy,"willtakeplaceonSaturdaymorning.ItwillbeledbySarah,arecyclingexpertwhohasbeenworkingwiththecity'swastemanagementdepartmentforoveradecade.Duringtheworkshop,participantswilllearnaboutthedifferenttypesofrecyclablematerialsandhowtoproperlysortthem.Theywillalsogethands-onexperienceincreatingusefulitemsfromrecycledmaterials.Thesecondworkshop,"CompostingatHome,"willbeheldonSundayafternoon.ItwillbeconductedbyMichael,agardeningenthusiastwhohasasuccessfulcompostingsysteminhisbackyard.Participantswilldiscoverthebenefitsofcompostingandlearnhowtosetuptheirowncompostingbins.Bothworkshopsarefreeandopentothepublic,butspaceislimited,sointerestedindividualsareencouragedtoregisterearly.Thecommunitycenterislocatedat123GreenStreetandcanbereachedbyphoneat555-1234orbyemailatinfo@.1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheworkshops?A.TosellproductsmadefromrecycledmaterialsB.ToeducatepeopleaboutrecyclingandcompostingC.ToprovidejobtrainingforwastemanagementD.Topromotetheconstructionofnewcommunitycenters参考答案：B2.Whowillbeleadingthefirstworkshop?A.Michael,thegardeningenthusiastB.Sarah,therecyclingexpertC.ThecommunitycenterdirectorD.Agroupoflocalstudents参考答案：B3.Whatwillparticipantslearnduringthe"RecyclingMadeEasy"workshop?A.HowtostartawastemanagementbusinessB.TheimportanceofreducingwasteC.ThetypesofrecyclablematerialsandsortingtechniquesD.Howtobuildacompostingbin参考答案：C4.Whenwillthe"CompostingatHome"workshoptakeplace?A.SaturdaymorningB.SaturdayafternoonC.SundaymorningD.Sundayafternoon参考答案：D5.Whoisconductingthe"CompostingatHome"workshop?A.Sarah,therecyclingexpertB.Michael,thegardeningenthusiastC.ThecommunitycenterdirectorD.Agroupoflocalstudents参考答案：B6.Whatistheadvantageofattendingtheworkshops?A.ParticipantswillreceivefreecompostingbinsB.TheworkshopsarefreeandopentothepublicC.ParticipantswillgetpaidfortheirattendanceD.Theworkshopsareonlyformembersofthecommunitycenter参考答案：B7.Howcaninterestedindividualsregisterfortheworkshops?A.ByvisitingthecommunitycenterinpersonB.Bycallingthecommunitycenterat555-1234C.Bysendinganemailtoinfo@D.Alloftheabove参考答案：D8.Whatisthelocationofthecommunitycenter?A.456BlueStreetB.789YellowAvenueC.123GreenStreetD.321RedRoad参考答案：C标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：Theword"ubiquitous"meanswidespreadandcommon,asitreferstosomethingthatispresenteverywhere.OptionAisincorrectbecause"rareandunique"meansnotwidespread.OptionCisincorrectbecause"expensiveandluxurious"doesnotrelatetobeingpresenteverywhere.OptionDisincorrectbecause"ancientandoutdated"referstosomethingoldandnolongerinuse,whichisnotthemeaningofubiquitous.2.参考答案：D解析：Themajoradvantageofrenewableenergysourcesisthattheyreducepollution,asstatedinthearticle.OptionAisincorrectbecauserenewableenergysourcesaregenerallylessexpensivetoinstall.OptionBisincorrectbecausetheyproducelittletonoharmfulbyproducts.OptionCisincorrectbecausetheyarenotlimitedinsupply,unlikefossilfuels.3.参考答案：B解析：Ifastudentscores85%,theyearned85outofapossible100points.OptionAisincorrectbecause15isthenumberofpointstheydidnotearn.OptionCisincorrectbecause100isthetotalpossiblepoints.OptionDisincorrectbecause115isnotapossiblescore.4.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Shehadwrittentheletterbeforehearrived"correctlyusesthepastperfecttense,indicatinganactioncompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.OptionBisinthesimplepasttense.OptionCisinthefuturetense.OptionDisinthepresentperfecttense.5.参考答案：B解析：Accordingtothemap,CityCislocateddirectlynorthofCityB.OptionAisincorrectbecauseCityAistothesouth.OptionCisincorrectbecauseCityDistotheeast.OptionDisincorrectbecauseCityEistothewest.6.参考答案：B解析：Theslopeofthelinerepresentedbytheequationy=3x-4is3,asthecoefficientofxistheslope.OptionAisincorrectbecause-3wouldindicatealinewithanegativeslope.OptionCisincorrectbecause4isthey-intercept.OptionDisincorrectbecause-4wouldindicateahorizontalline.7.参考答案：B解析：Theprobabilityofrandomlyselectingablueballis3/10,asthereare3blueballsoutofatotalof10balls.OptionAisincorrectbecause1/10wouldbetheprobabilityofselectingaredball.OptionCisincorrectbecause5/10istheprobabilityofselectingaredball.OptionDisincorrectbecause7/10istheprobabilityofselectingaredorgreenball.8.参考答案：C解析："Lebensversicherung"translatesto"lifeinsurance"inEnglish.OptionAisincorrectbecause"healthinsurance"is"Krankenversicherung."OptionBisincorrectbecause"carinsurance"is"Kfz-Versicherung."OptionDisincorrectbecause"homeinsurance"is"Hausratversicherung."9.参考答案：B解析：Accordingtothegraph,thepopulationofCityXin2010was750,000.OptionAisincorrectbecause500,000isthepopulationin2005.OptionCisincorrectbecause1,000,000isthepopulationin2015.OptionDisincorrectbecause1,250,000isthepopulationin2020.10.参考答案：B解析：Thesentence"Thecatwaschasedbythedog"isanexampleofthepassivevoice,asthesubject(thecat)isreceivingtheactionratherthanperformingit.OptionAisintheactivevoice.OptionCisintheactivevoice.OptionDisinthefuturetenseandactivevoice.二、填空题1.参考答案：boost解析：本题考查动词的用法。根据句意“新政策将在未来几年提振当地经济”，应填入表示“促进、提升”的动词。boost意为“促进、提升”，符合句意。其他选项如enhance（增强）、improve（改善）、affect（影响）等均不符合句意。2.参考答案：still解析：本题考查副词的用法。根据句意“尽管下着大雨，他们仍然设法按时完成了项目”，应填入表示“仍然、还是”的副词。still符合句意。其他选项如yet（还）、even（甚至）、already（已经）等均不符合句意。3.参考答案：watch解析：本题考查动词的用法。根据句意“如果你想提高你的英语，你应该多看英文电影”，应填入表示“看”的动词。watch意为“看”，符合句意。其他选项如listen（听）、read（读）、speak（说）等均不符合句意。4.参考答案：handin解析：本题考查动词短语的用法。根据句意“老师要求学生在下课前交作业”，应填入表示“交上”的动词短语。handin意为“交上”，符合句意。其他选项如submit（提交）、give（给）、complete（完成）等均不符合句意。5.参考答案：eager解析：本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意“我的哥哥下个月很渴望加入俱乐部”，应填入表示“渴望的、热切的”的形容词。eager符合句意。其他选项如happy（快乐的）、interested（感兴趣的）、willing（愿意的）等均不符合句意。6.参考答案：build解析：本题考查动词的用法。根据句意“公司计划明年在城市郊区建一家新工厂”，应填入表示“建造”的动词。build意为“建造”，符合句意。其他选项如construct（建造）、erect（竖立）、install（安装）等均不符合句意。7.参考答案：interested解析：本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意“她对学习如何弹吉他很感兴趣”，应填入表示“感兴趣的”的形容词。interested符合句意。其他选项如excited（兴奋的）、curious（好奇的）、determined（坚定的）等均不符合句意。8.参考答案：plant解析：本题考查动词的用法。根据句意“我们需要种更多的树来改善环境”，应填入表示“种植”的动词。plant意为“种植”，符合句意。其他选项如grow（生长）、cultivate（培养）、water（浇水）等均不符合句意。9.参考答案：both解析：本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意“这本书既有趣又有informative”，应填入表示“两者都”的形容词。both符合句意。其他选项如either（两者之一）、neither（两者都不）、all（全部）等均不符合句意。10.参考答案：going解析：本题考查动词的用法。根据句意“他周末要去拜访他的祖父母”，应填入表示“去”的动词。goingto表示将来计划，符合句意。其他选项如wanting（想要）、planning（计划）、intending（打算）等均不符合句意。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：过去完成时用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，这符合其基本用法。例如，在"Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeshearrived"这句话中，"hadfinished"就表示在"shearrived"之前已经完成的动作。2.参考答案：√解析：动词"hasbeenliving"是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性。在"ShehasbeenlivinginShanghaiforfiveyears"这句话中，"hasbeenliving"正确地表达了这种持续性的含义。3.参考答案：√解析：被动语态常用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。例如，在"ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn"这句话中，强调的是"Thebook"而不是"John"。4.参考答案：√解析：这句话是一个礼貌的请求，使用了"Couldyouplease"这种常见的礼貌表达方式。5.参考答案：√解析："Ambitious"是一个形容词，意思是有着强烈的成功欲望或追求。例如，"Sheisanambitiousstudentwhowantstobecomeadoctor"。6.参考答案：√解析：在罗伯特•弗罗斯特的诗歌《未选择的路》中，说话者选择了一条较少人走的小路，象征着个性和非传统。7.参考答案：√解析：乔治•奥威尔的小说《1984》描绘了一个反乌托邦社会，政府完全控制着人们的生活。8.参考答案：×解析：虽然逗号在列举多个项目时是必要的，但在列举只有两个项目时通常不需要逗号。例如，"Iboughtapplesandoranges"而不是"Iboughtapples,andoranges"。9.参考答案：×解析：动词"tolie"有两个主要意思：一是“躺”，二是“撒谎”。在"Heliesonthecouch"中，意思是“躺”；在"Heliestome"中，意思是“撒谎”。10.参考答案：√解析："Serendipity"指的是偶然发现美好事物的能力或机会。例如，"Findinga20billonthestreetwaspureserendipity"。四、简答题1.参考答案：TheBritisheducationsystemischaracterizedbyacombinationofstateandprivateschooling,anationalcurriculum,andatieredstructureincludingprimary,secondary,andhighereducation.Italsoemphasizesacademicachievementandhasastrongtraditionofindependentschools.解析：TheBritisheducationsystemisknownforitsdiversestructure,whichincludesbothstate-fundedschoolsandprivateindependentschools.Thenationalcurriculumsetsoutthelearningobjectivesforstudentsateachstageoftheireducation.Thesystemistiered,withprimaryeducationforchildrenaged5-11,secondaryeducationfor11-16,andhighereducationforthoseseekingfurtherqualifications.Academicachievementishighlyvalued,andthesystemhasastrongtraditionofindependentschools,whichoftenprovideamorespecializedorrigorouseducation.Theexaminationsystem,includingGCSEsandA-levels,isasignificantfeature,usedtoassessstudentperformanceanddetermineeligibilityforhighereducation.2.参考答案：TheUKgovernmentregulatesfinancialmarketsthroughtheFinancialConductAuthority(FCA)andthePrudentialRegulationAuthority(PRA).Thesebodiessetrules,monitorcompliance,andprotectconsumers.解析：TheUKgovernmentregulatesfinancialmarketsprimarilythroughtworegulatorybodies:theFinancialConductAuthority(FCA)andthePrudentialRegulationAuthority(PRA).TheFCAfocusesonmarketconduct,ensuringthatfinancialfirmstreatconsumersfairlyandoperatetransparently.ThePRAoverseesthestabilityandsoundnessoffinancialinstitutions.Thesebodiessetrulesandregulations,monitorcompliance,andtakeenforcementactionsagainstfirmsthatviolateregulations.Thegovernmentalsoplaysaroleinshapingtheregulatoryframeworkthroughlegislationandpolicydecisions.3.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy,usingcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinthechloroplastsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandtheCalvincycle.解析：Photosynthesisisafundamentalbiologicalprocessthatallowsplantstoconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergystoredinglucose.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplasts,whichcontainthepigmentchlorophyll.Itinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandtheCalvincycle.Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyiscapturedandusedtoproduceATPandNADPH.TheseenergycarriersarethenusedintheCalvincycletoconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.Oxygenisreleasedasabyproduct.PhotosynthesisiscrucialforlifeonEarth,asitprovidestheprimarysourceofenergyformostecosystems.4.参考答案：TheEuropeanUnionpromoteseconomicintegrationamongitsmemberstatesthroughthecreationofasinglemarket,theadoptionofcommoneconomicpolicies,andthecoordinationoftradeagreements.解析：TheEuropeanUnion(EU)promoteseconomicintegrationamongitsmemberstatesthroughseveralkeymechanisms.ThecreationofasinglemarketisacornerstoneoftheEU,allowinggoods,services,capital,andlabortomovefreelybetweenmemberstates.Commoneconomicpolicies,suchastheEuropeanCentralBankmanagingmonetarypolicy,helpcoordinateeconomicactivities.TheEUalsocoordinatestradeagreementswithnon-memberstates,enhancingthecollectiveeconomicpowerofitsmemberstates.Thesemeasuresaimtofostereconomicgrowth,increasecompetitiveness,andensureastableandprosperouseconomicenvironment.5.参考答案：Climatechangehasledtoasignificantreductioninthevolumeandthicknessofpolaricecaps,primarilyduetorisingglobaltemperatures.Thismeltingcontributestosea-levelriseandaltersoceancurrents.解析：Climatechangehasaprofoundimpactonpolaricecaps,leadingtotheirreductioninvolumeandthickness.Risingglobaltemperatures,drivenbyincreasedgreenhousegasemissions,causeicecapstomeltatanacceleratedrate.Thismeltingcontributestosea-levelrise,whichposesathreattocoastalcommunitiesandecosystems.Additionally,thelossoficealtersoceancurrents,whichcanhavefar-reachingeffectsonglobalweatherpatterns.Theconsequencesofpolaricecapmeltingareamajorconcernforscientistsandpolicymakersworldwide.6.参考答案：TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)primaryfunctionsincludeprovidingleadershiponglobalhealthissues,settinghealthstandards,promotinghealththroughprograms,andrespondingtohealthemergencies.解析：TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)isaspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNationsresponsibleforinternationalpublichealth.Itsprimaryfunctionsincludeprovidingleadershiponglobalhealthissues,settinghealthstandardsthroughguidelinesandrecommendations,promotinghealththroughvariousprogramsandinitiatives,andrespondingtohealthemergencies,suchaspandemicsandnaturaldisasters.TheWHOalsosupportsmemberstatesinbuildingstronghealthsystemsandprovidestechnicalassistanceinareaslikediseasepreventionandhealtheducation.7.参考答案：TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil(UNSC)operatesthroughthefivepermanentmembers(China,France,Russia,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates)andtennon-permanentmembers,withthepowertomakebindingdecisionsonpeaceandsecurityissues.解析：TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil(UNSC)isoneoftheprincipalorgansoftheUnitedNations,responsibleformaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity.TheUNSCoperatesthrough15members,includingfivepermanentmemberswithvetopower(China,France,Russia,theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates)andtennon-permanentmemberselectedfortwo-yearterms.TheUNSChastheauthoritytomakebindingdecisionsonpeaceandsecurityissues,includingthedeploymentofpeacekeepingforces,theimpositionofsanctions,andtheauthorizationofmilitaryaction.ItseffectivenessinmaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurityisacriticalaspectoftheUN'smission.8.参考答案：Elementsinthesameperiodontheperiodictablehavethesamenumberofelectronshellsbutdifferinthenumberofprotonsandelectrons,leadingtovariationsinatomicmassandchemicalproperties.解析：Elementsinthesameperiodontheperiodictablesharethesamenumberofelectronshells,whichdeterminestheiratomicstructure.However,theydifferinthenumberofprotonsandelectrons,leadingtovariationsinatomicmassandchemicalproperties.Asyoumovefromlefttorightacrossaperiod,thenumberofprotonsincreases,whichaffectstheelement'satomicmassandelectronegativity.Thisincreaseinprotonsalsoinfluenc