Unit 4 Our Memory Section B 知识清单 人教版九年级英语上册

1/11Unit4OurMemorySectionBHowcanweimproveourmemory？知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionB1.n.帮助，增长v.促进，使增长2.adj.短期的3.adj.长期的4.n.技巧5.n.段落，走廊6.adj.可能的7.n.讨论，谈论，商量8.n.图像，形象9.n.图，图表10.n.观点，视野v.看，观看11.adj.有效的12.n.发动机13.n.燃料14.n.地址15.n.密码，口令16.n.账目，账户17.n.增长v.增长18.adj.野生的，自然生长的19.n.血20.v.使受伤n.伤口，创伤21.n.购物商场22.n.笔记本，笔记本电脑23.n.松鼠24.n.坚果25.n.海豚26.v.辨认出，认可27.n.纲要v.概述28.adv.完全地29.v.把...分成30.adj.通用的短语SectionB1.首先2.两种主要记忆3.打电话4.过着健康生活5.做某事没成功6.毕竟7.过度用脑8.休息一下9.利用感官，调动感官10.最后一点（但也同样重要的一点）11.网上银行账号12.编一首歌/诗13.用字母（或字母组合）代替单词14.将信息分组/归类/整理。15.在脑中构想出/描画出一幅幅图像16.很可能...，有可能会...17.死于...18.立刻，马上19.电子邮件地址20.迷路，迷失21.发表演讲22.决定做某事23.有序的，按次序的24.把某物分为25.占用大量时间二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲SectionB【考点1】However，youmightfailtorememberallthedetails.【解析】fail的用法：动词(v.)，过去式：failed过去分词：failed核心含义：失败；未能（做到）；不及格；使失望。核心用法：failtodosth.未能做某事；没能做成某事Hefailedtopassthemathexamlastweek.他上周数学考试没及格。Ifailedtocatchtheearlybusthismorning.我今天早上没能赶上早班车。failsb.使某人失望；（老师）给某人不及格Idon'twanttofailmyparentsbygivingupmydream.我不想放弃梦想，让我的父母失望。Theteacherfailedhimbecausehecheatedintheexam.老师因为他考试作弊给了他不及格。名词形式：failure含义：失败；失败的人/事Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。【考点2】Tostartwith，it’simportanttounderstandhowmemoryworks.【解析】tostartwith核心含义：①首先，第一；②起初，一开始同义替换：tobeginwith核心用法：「首先、第一」：引出观点/理由，分层论述，用于列举原因、观点、建议时的第一个要点，相当于firstly/firstofall。Tostartwith,wemustprotecttheenvironmentaroundus.首先，我们必须保护身边的环境。Tostartwith,thiskindofbookistooexpensive.Secondly,itisnotsuitableformiddleschoolstudents.首先，这类书太贵了；其次，它不适合中学生阅读。「起初、一开始」：描述最初状态，暗含前后对比侧重事情最开始的情况，后面常接转折句（说明后来发生了变化），相当于atfirst/inthebeginning。Tostartwith,IwasafraidofspeakingEnglishinpublic.ButnowIbecomemoreconfident.起初我害怕当众说英语，但现在我变得更自信了。Thetaskseemedeasytostartwith,butwemetmanydifficultieslater.这项任务一开始看起来很简单，可后来我们遇到了很多困难。【考点3】Themoreyoureviewwhatyoulearn，themorelikelyyouwillrememberit.【解析】likely的用法：词性：形容词(adj.)&副词(adv.)核心含义：可能的；很可能的；很可能核心用法：作形容词：belikelytodosth.很可能做某用法说明：主语既可以是人，也可以是物Itislikelytorainthisafternoon.今天下午很可能会下雨。SheislikelytowintheEnglishspeechcompetition.她很可能赢得英语演讲比赛。Itislikelythat...很可能……•用法说明：用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句•Itislikelythattheywillputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好，他们很可能会推迟运动会。作副词：most/verylikely很可能likely作副词时，通常与most或very连用。Theywillmostlikelyarriveattheairportat8o'clock.他们很可能8点到达机场。Hewillverylikelyforgettobringhishomeworkagain.他很可能又会忘记带作业。变形与拓展：比较级：morelikely最高级：mostlikely否定形式：unlikely不可能的Itisunlikelythathewillpasstheexamwithoutstudying.他不学习就通过考试是不可能的。【考点4】However，youshouldnotwearoutyourbrain.【解析】wearout动词短语，其中wear过去式：wore,过去分词：worn。核心含义：穿破；用坏；使疲惫不堪；耗尽核心用法：使（人）疲惫不堪；使筋疲力尽用法说明：主语通常是事物，人作宾语；当人作主语时，必须使用被动语态bewornout。Thelongwalkworemeout.长途步行把我累坏了。Iwascompletelywornoutafterthe800-meterrace.800米赛跑后我彻底筋疲力尽。穿破；用坏；耗尽（物品）用法说明：主语可以是人（穿坏某物），也可以是物品（被穿坏）Mylittlebrotherworeouthisshoesinamonth.我弟弟一个月就把鞋子穿破了。Thewashingmachinehaswornoutafter10yearsofuse.这台洗衣机用了10年已经坏了。Theseglovesarewornout.Ineedtobuyanewpair.这些手套已经磨破了，我需要买一副新的。【考点5】Athirdwayistomakeuseofsenses.【解析】1.动词不定式作表语动词不定式（todosth.）放在系动词（主要是be动词）后面作表语，用来说明主语的具体内容、性质、目的、身份或将要发生的动作。核心含义与用法：（1）.说明主语的具体内容，这是不定式作表语最主要的用法，主语通常是表示抽象概念的名词，如：dream,job,aim,task,plan,wish,hope,goal,duty等。不定式就是对这个抽象名词的具体解释。MydreamistobeascientistwhenIgrowup.我的梦想是长大后成为一名科学家。Herjobistolookafterthesickchildreninthehospital.她的工作是在医院照顾生病的孩子。Ourtasktodayistocleantheclassroomthoroughly.我们今天的任务是彻底打扫教室。(2).表示主语的目的或意图强调做某事的最终目的，主语通常是表示“计划、目标、意图”的名词。Thepurposeofthismeetingistodiscussthenewschoolrules.这次会议的目的是讨论新的校规。Hisonlywishistoseehisdaughteragain.他唯一的愿望是再见到他的女儿。表示将来要发生的动作不定式本身具有“将来”的含义，作表语时可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。Thenextstepistoaddsomesalttothesoup.下一步是往汤里加些盐。Whatweneedtodonowistowaitfortheteacher'sreply.我们现在需要做的是等待老师的回复。(4)表示责任、义务或要求说明主语应该承担的责任或必须履行的义务。Yourdutyasastudentistostudyhard.作为学生，你的责任是努力学习Theruleistowearschooluniformseveryday.规定是每天都要穿校服。区分不定式作表语与动名词作表语：形式含义例句不定式(todo)表示具体的、一次性的、将来的动作Myplanforthisweekendistogohiking.我这个周末的计划是去远足。动名词(doing)表示抽象的、习惯性的、一般性的动作Myhobbyisgoinghiking.我的爱好是远足。2.sense的用法：(1)作名词,道理；意义；合理性核心搭配：makesense有道理；讲得通；有意义Thissentencedoesn'tmakesense.Canyouexplainittome?这句话讲不通,能给我解释一下吗？Itmakessensetoexerciseregularlytokeephealthy.定期锻炼保持健康是很有道理的。感觉；感官指人的五种基本感官：视觉(sight)、听觉(hearing)、嗅觉(smell)、味觉(taste)、触觉(touch)Dogshaveamuchbettersenseofsmellthanhumans.狗的嗅觉比人类灵敏得多。意识；观念；判断力核心搭配：asenseof+名词（……感）常见必考搭配：asenseofhumor幽默感asenseofdirection方向感asenseofduty责任感asenseofachievement成就感asenseofsafety安全感其他高频搭配makesenseof理解；弄懂Ican'tmakesenseofthismathproblem.（我弄不懂这道数学题。）inasense在某种意义上Inasense,youareright.在某种意义上，你是对的。commonsense常识It'scommonsensetolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.（过马路前左右看是常识。）(2)作动词含义：感觉到；意识到用法：sensesth.或sensethat从句Isensedthathewaslyingtome.我感觉到他在对我撒谎。Isensedalittleangerinhisvoice.我从他的声音里察觉到一丝怒气。【考点6】Youcanalsocreateastorywithinformationandviewitinyourmindlikeafilm.【解析】view的用法;(1)作名词观点；看法核心搭配：inone'sview在某人看来fromone'spointofview从某人的角度来看haveaviewon/aboutsth.对某事有看法Inmyview,readingisthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.在我看来，阅读是提高英语的最好方法。Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthisproblem.不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。风景；景色指从高处或远处看到的某一特定方向的景色核心搭配：have/getagood/wonderfulviewofsth.清楚地看到某物的景色Fromthetopofthehill,wehadabeautifulviewofthelake.从山顶上，我们看到了美丽的湖景。Thehotelroomhasaseaview.这个酒店房间有海景。视野；视线核心搭配：comeintoview进入视野；出现在眼前◦outofview看不见；在视野之外Thecarturnedthecornerandwentoutofview.汽车转过拐角，消失在视野中。（2）作动词：含义：看待；认为核心搭配：view...as...把……看作……Weallviewhimasahero.我们都把他看作英雄。Sheviewsthisexperienceasavaluablelesson.她把这次经历看作宝贵的一课。【考点7】Youneedtorememberanaddressuntilyoufindapieceofpapertowriteitdown.【解析】until用法详解：核心含义：直到……为止（1）作介词：后面直接跟表示时间的名词、短语，构成时间状语。Iusuallydomyhomeworkuntil9:30pm.我通常做作业到晚上九点半。Thesupermarketisopenuntil10o'clockeveryday.这家超市每天营业到十点。（2）作连词：后接完整句子，引导时间状语从句，说明动作持续到某个事件发生为止。WaithereuntilIcomeback.在这儿等到我回来。Hekeptpracticingthepianountilhisfatherreturnedhome.他一直练钢琴，直到爸爸回家。核心考点：肯定句vs否定句。核心区别在于主句动词是延续性还是瞬间性。肯定句：动作持续到……为止。规则：主句动词必须是延续性动词（如wait,stay,study,work,live,keep等），表示动作从之前开始，一直持续到until标注的时间点才结束。翻译：一直做……直到……Westayedinthelabuntiltheexperimentwasover.我们一直在实验室待到实验结束。Shewillworkinthecompanyuntilnextyear.她会在这家公司工作到明年。否定句：not...until...直到……才……规则：主句动词是瞬间动词（非延续性动词）（如go,leave,arrive,start,finish,gotobed等）。瞬间动作无法“持续”，因此用否定形式表示“动作直到某个时间点才发生”。翻译：直到……才……Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedallmyhomework.我直到做完所有作业才上床睡觉。Thebusdidn'tarriveuntiltenminuteslater.公交车直到十分钟后才到。时态规则：主将从现当主句是一般将来时，until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoufinishyourclass.我会等你，直到你下课。【考点8】affix（词缀）词缀是加在单词词根（root）前面或后面的字母组合，用来改变单词的意思或词性。它是英语中最主要的构词方式之一。词缀分为前缀（prefix）和后缀（suffix）两大类：前缀（加在词根前面）•主要作用：改变单词的意思，一般不改变词性后缀（加在词根后面）•主要作用：改变单词的词性，一般不改变核心意思组合方式单词词性核心含义act+-iveactive形容词(adj.)积极的；活跃的；主动的act+-ionaction名词(n.)行动；动作；行为re-+actreact动词(v.)反应；回应；起化学反应act+-oractor名词(n.)男演员react+-ionreaction名词(n.)反应；回应；反作用react+-ivereactive形容词(adj.)反应的；被动的组合方式单词词性核心含义forget+-fulforgetful形容词(adj.)健忘的；疏忽的un-+forget+-ableunforgettable形容词(adj.)难忘的；值得铭记的forget+-ableforgettable形容词(adj.)容易被忘记的；不值得记住的forgetful+-nessforgetfulness名词(n.)健忘；疏忽un-+forgetfulunforgetful形容词(adj.)不健忘的组合方式单词词性核心含义effect+-iveeffective形容词(adj.)有效的；起作用的；实际的effective+-lyeffectively副词(adv.)有效地；实际上；事实上effective+-nesseffectiveness名词(n.)有效性；效果；效力类型词缀核心含义高频例词关键用法说明前缀re-1.重复；再一次2.回；向后rewrite(重写),reuse(重复使用),review(复习)return(返回)recall(回忆)react(反应)加在动词前，构成新动词前缀un-否定；不；非unhappy(不开心的),unusual(不寻常的),unfair(不公平的)unable(不能的),unforgettable(难忘的),unlucky(不幸的)加在形容词、副词、名词前不改变词性，只改变意思，是常用的否定前缀后缀-ion/-sion/-tion表示动作、过程或状态action(行动),decision(决定),discussion(讨论)invention(发明),education(教育),attention(注意)加在动词后，构成名词拼写易错点：decide→decision,discuss→discussion后缀-ive有...倾向的；具有...性质的active(积极的),effective(有效的),creative(有创造力的)expensive(昂贵的),attractive(有吸引力的)加在动词或名词后，构成形容词后缀-or表示人或物（执行某动作的）actor(男演员),visitor(游客),inventor(发明家)doctor(医生),加在动词后，构成名词与-er类似，但-or多用于拉丁语源的动词后缀-ful充满...的；具有...性质的helpful(有帮助的),careful(小心的),beautiful(美丽的)useful(有用的),successful(成功的),forgetful(健忘的)加在名词后，构成形容词拼写易错点：forget→forgetful(双写t)后缀-able/-ible能够...的；可以...的comfortable(舒适的),possible(可能的),unforgettable(难忘的)responsible(负责的),believable(可信的)加在动词后，构成形容词后缀-ness表示性质、状态或品质happiness(幸福),kindness(善良),illness(疾病)carelessness(粗心),effectiveness(有效性),sadness(悲伤)加在形容词后，构成不可数名词拼写易错点：effective→effectiveness(保留e)后缀-ly副词后缀：...地2.形容词后缀：...的副词：quickly(快速地),happily(开心地),easily(容易地)friendly(友好的),形容词：lovely(可爱的)lonely(孤独的)大部分情况在形容词后，构成副词。少数加在名词后仍为形容词（常考特例）【考点9】Heislikelytodieofwoundsifnottreatedatonce.【解析】wound的用法：(1)作名词：身体上的伤口；创伤,特指刀、枪、剑等锐器或武器造成的伤口，区别于普通的擦伤或碰伤核心搭配：adeep/badwound深/重伤treat/dressawound治疗/包扎伤口aknifewound刀伤Thedoctorcleanedandbandagedthewoundonhisarm.医生清洗并包扎了他胳膊上的伤口。精神上的创伤；伤害，指对感情、自尊心等造成的伤害，多用于书面语核心搭配：awoundtosb'spride对某人自尊心的伤害emotionalwounds情感创伤Thefailureleftadeepwoundinhisheart.这次失败在他心中留下了深深的创伤。作动词：及物动词(vt.)，后面必须接宾语。使受伤；伤害（特指用武器造成的伤害）常用被动语态：bewounded(in+身体部位)Tensoldierswerekilledandthirtywerewoundedintheattack.在这次袭击中，10名士兵阵亡，30人受伤。Hewaswoundedinthelegduringthewar.他在战争中腿部受伤。Herwordswoundedhimdeeply.她的话深深地伤害了他。（精神上的伤害）单词拓展：单词wounded​wounding​词性​形容词/名词/动词过去式·过去分词形容词/名词/动词现在分词核心语义​被动·状态——"被伤害的、受伤的"主动·性质——"伤人的、造成伤害的"形容词含义​身体受伤的：awoundedsoldier受伤的士兵

情感受创的：awoundedlook受伤的表情/woundedpride受伤的自尊伤人的（言语/行为）：awoundingremark伤人的话

②造成伤害的：woundingaccusations伤人的指控名词用法​thewounded（复数名词）"伤员们"，作主语时谓语用复数：Thewoundedweretakentohospital.wounding（不可数抽象名词）"伤害（的行为/过程）"：thewoundingofinnocentbystanders对无辜旁观者的伤害动词形式​过去式/过去分词：Hewaswoundedinbattle.现在分词：Theknifeiswoundinghisfinger.搭配对象​多接人、动物、身体部位等承受者：woundedcivilian/woundedarea/woundedfeelings多接语言、行为、经历等施动者：woundingcomment/woundingbehavior/woundingeffect情感指向​描述"受害者"的状态（被伤害后）描述"加害方"的属性（能造成伤害）典型例句​Shefeltwoundedbyhiscruelwords.她因他的刻薄话而受伤。Hiswoundingwordsleftherintears.他伤人的话让她哭了。【考点10】Theycanrecognizevoicesofotherdolphins【解析】recognize的用法：核心含义：认出；识别；承认；意识到认出；识别，指把原来认识、见过的人或物再次认出来，是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用核心搭配：recognizesb./sth.认出某人/某物recognizesb./sth.assth.认出某人/某物是……IrecognizedherimmediatelywhenIsawherinthecrowd.我在人群中看到她时立刻认出了她。Thepolicemanrecognizedthemanasthewantedcriminal.警察认出那个人就是通缉犯。承认，指承认事实、错误或某人的地位、成就等核心搭配：recognizethat从句承认……◦recognizesb./sth.as/tobe...承认某人/某物是……Hefinallyrecognizedthathehadmadeamistake.他最终承认自己犯了错误。Sheiswidelyrecognizedasthebestsingerinthecountry.她被公认为全国最好的歌手。意识到；认识到，指逐渐明白或理解某个事实或情况Ididn'trecognizehowimportantthismeetingwasuntilyesterday.直到昨天我才意识到这次会议有多重要。【考点11】Ilearnedhowtocreateaspeechoutline.【解析】outline的用法：(1)作名词提纲；概要，指为写作、演讲等提前列出的要点框架。核心搭配（必考）：make/drawanoutline列提纲anoutlineofsth.……的提纲/概要adetailedoutline详细提纲BeforewritinganEnglishcomposition,you'dbettermakeaclearoutlinefirst.写英语作文前，你最好先列一个清晰的提纲。轮廓；外形。指物体或人物的外部形状。核心搭配：theoutlineofsth.……的轮廓Wecouldseetheoutlineofthemountainagainstthesky.我们能看到天空映衬下的山脉轮廓。(2)作动词用法：及物动词(vt.)，后面直接接宾语概述；概括，用简短的话说明主要内容画出……的轮廓：勾勒出物体的外形核心搭配：outlinesth.概述某事；画出某物的轮廓outlinethemainpoints概述要点Theteacheroutlinedthemainideasofthepassageatthebeginningoftheclass.上课伊始，老师概述了这篇文章的主旨。Heoutlinedthetreewithapencilonthepaper.他用铅笔在纸上画出了树的轮廓。【考点12】Nobodyknowsmyspeechexceptme.【解析】except用法详解:介词，核心含义：除……之外关键特点：后面的人/事物被排除在外，不包含在内核心用法：后接名词/代词宾格，表示从整体里排除掉某一部分。EveryonewenttotheparkexceptTom.除了汤姆，所有人都去了公园。（汤姆没去）Allthestudentsareintheclassroomexcepther.除了她，所有学生都在教室里。后接动名词（动词-ing形式）except是介词，介词后面的动词要变成-ing形式。Helikesallsportsexceptplayingbasketball.除了打篮球，他喜欢所有运动。易混辨析单词/短语核心含义包含关系例句except除了……（都）排除在外，不包含AllpassedtheexamexceptJack.（杰克没及格）besides除了……（还有）包含在内Besidesmath,Ialsolearnphysics.（两科都学）exceptfor除了……之外整体肯定，局部排除（不同类）Thebikeisnewexceptforabrokenwheel.（整体新，局部坏）【考点13】IfIdoforgetsomewords，Ishouldn'tpanic.【解析】do词性：助动词（无实际词义，仅起加强语气作用）核心作用：放在肯定句的动词原形前，加强语气，翻译为“确实、的确、真的、一定”do表强调仅用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，根据主语和时态变化形式：时态主语强调助动词结构例句一般现在时第一/二人称单复数第三人称复数do主语+do+动词原形Idolovemyfamily.我真的爱我的家人。Theydostudyveryhard.他们确实学习很努力。一般现在时第三人称单数does主语+does+动词原形Shedoeslikepainting.她的确喜欢画画。Tomdoesplaybasketballwell.汤姆篮球打得真的很好。一般过去时所有人称did主语+did+动词原形Hedidpasstheexam.他确实通过了考试。Wedidseehimyesterday.我们昨天真的见到他了。过关检测一．单项选择1Ineed______abouttheschooltrip.Couldyouhelpmefindit?Sure.I'llsearchforitontheInternetlater.A.manyinformationsB.aninformationC.informationsD.someinformation2.______youreadthepassage,______youwillunderstandit.That'strue.Iwillreaditagaincarefully.Themore;thewellB.More;betterC.Themore;thebetterD.Themuch;thebetter3.Couldyoutellme______?Iwanttomeethimattheairport.Sorry,Idon'tknow.Hedidn'ttellmehisflightnumber.whenwillMr.LicomebackwhenMr.LiwillcomebackwhendidMr.LicomebackD.whenMr.Licameback4.Mymotherdidn'tgotobed______Icamebackhomesafelylastnight.A.untilB.sinceC.afterD.while5.Whydoyouwantto______playingtheguitar?Becauseitcanmakemerelaxedafteralongdayofstudy.A.takeupB.takeoffC.takeonD.takeover6.AllthestudentsinourclasswenttothemuseumlastSaturday______Tom,becausehehadtolookafterhissickgrandma.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.and7.Lookatthepicture!Thefarmerisfeedingfive______andten______onthefarm.A.gooses;sheepsB.geese;sheepC.geese;deersD.goose;deer8.______Englishwordswithoutknowingtheirmeaningsisnotaneffectivewaytolearnthelanguage.A.MemorizeB.MemorizedC.MemorizingD.Memorizes9.Ourteacher______thewholeclass______foursmallgroupstodiscusstheproblemtogether.A.divided;intoB.divided;fromC.separated;intoD.separated;from10.ThankyousomuchforhelpingmewithmyEnglishhomework.______.That'swhatfriendsarefor.A.NevermindB.It'smypleasureC.That'srightD.Withpleasure二．单词填空1.Ididn'tr______(认出)heratfirstbecauseshehadcutherhairshortandworeanewpairofglasses.2.Thesoldierreceivedaseriouslegw______(受伤)inthebattleandwassenttothemilitaryhospitalrightaway.3.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolhasi______(增加)by15%overthepastthreeyears,soweneedtobuildmoreclassrooms.4.Youshouldputyourmoneyintoabanka______(账户)insteadofkeepingitathome.5.Couldyoupleasetellmeyourhomea______(地址)?Iwanttosendyouabirthdaygift.6.Mycarbrokedownonthewaytoschoolyesterdaybecauseitse______(引擎)stoppedworkingsuddenly.7.Takingnotescarefullyinclassisoneofthemoste______(有效的)waystoimproveyourstudyefficiency.8.Readthethirdp_____(段落)carefullyandanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.9.Manyw_____(野生的)animalsareingreatdangernow,sowemusttakeactiontoprotectthem.10.Thedoctorsaidhelosttoomuchb______(血)intheaccidentandneededanoperationatonce.完形填空Moststudentsthinkmemoryissomethingyouarebornwith—eitheryouhaveit_1_youdon't.Infact,psychologists(心理学家）saymemoryismorelikeaskill:themoreyoupractiseandit2withpropermethods,thebetteryourmemorywillbecome.ManyEnglishlearnersmakeacommonmemorymistake.Theytryto3longlistsofEnglishwordsbyrepeatingthemagainandagainwithoutthinking.Thisusuallyfeelsbusybutdoesn'tlast.Sowhatshouldwedotomemorizewordswell?Abetterstartisto4yourattentionfirst.Ifyourbrainisn'treally"seeing"theinformation,itwon'tbestored.Luckily,wehaveeasywaystokeepourbrainfocused.Asimpletrickisto5whatyouarelearning.Whenyoureadanewword,don'tjustsayit—_6_​asillyorstrongpictureinyourhead:imaginethewordwritteninbrightcolours,orconnectitwithafunnyimageyoualreadyknow.Ourbrainsrememberpicturesfarmoreeasilythanabstractlists.Besidescreatingpictures,wehaveanothergoodmemorytip.Thewayistogroupinformationintosmallchunks(语块).Forexample,7tennewwordsintothreegroupsbytopic(food,weather,feelings).Thisiscalledchunking（分语块）,andithelpsyourworkingmemory8theload（负担）.Youcanalsouseyour_9_​actively:saythewordaloud,listentoyourself,maybeevenwriteitwhilesmellingyourpen'sink.Finally,don'tpullanall-nighter_10_​atest.Sleepiswhenthebrainfixestheday'slearningandmovesitintolongerstorage.Restisnotlaziness;itispartofthework.1.A.orB.andC.butD.so2.A.useB.makeC.takeD.give3.A.discoverB.memorizeC.inventD.notice4.A.payB.holdC.catchD.keep5.A.achieveB.watchC.pictureD.copy6.A.printB.imagineC.liftD.spread7.A.pushB.pullC.turnD.break8.A.carryB.reduceC.collectD.burn9.A.sensesB.dreamsC.excusesD.projects10.A.butB.afterC.duringD.before四.阅读理解ASallydidn’tknowwhatwaswrongwithhergrandma.Shewasalwaysforgettingsmallthings:wheresheputsugar,whentocookdinner,evennamesofoldneighbors.“ShemayhaveAlzheimer’sdisease（阿兹海默症）,”MumtoldSallyoneevening.“Wehavetosendhertoanursinghomeforprofessionalcare.”Sally’seyesfilledwithtears.“Grandmahatesstrangeplaces!Shelovesouroldhousesomuch.”“Wecanvisithereveryweekendandbringherfavouritegifts,”Mumcomfortedher“Strawberryicecream!Grandma’salwayscrazyaboutit,”Sallyrepliedatonce.Ontheirfirstvisit,Grandmasatquietlyaloneinacoldcorner.Sallyranoverandhuggedhertightly.“Look!Webringyourstrawberryicecream!”Grandmatooktheboxandateslowly,withoutasingleword.“Shedoesn’tseemtorecognizeus,”Sallyfeltsadandupset.“Bepatient.Hermemoryfadeslittlebylittle,”Mumwhispered.Weekafterweek,theybroughticecreameverytime.GrandmanevercalledSallybyhername.OnceSallyaskedsoftly,“DoyouknowwhoIam,Grandma?”Grandmalookedupandsmiledweakly,“Youarethesweetgirlwhobringsmestrawberryicecream.”Sally’sheartachedbadly.ShetoldGrandmamanywarmoldmemories:pickingstrawberriestogetherinthegarden,Grandmatellingbedtimestories,makingicecreamonhotsummerdays.ButGrandma’sblankfacetoldSallythosesweetmemorieshadslippedaway.OnerainySaturday,Sallybroughtaphotoalbumfullofoldpictures.ShepointedatalittlegirlbesideGrandmainastrawberryfield.“Thisisme,tenyearsago.Wepickedberriesallday.”Grandmastaredatthephotoforalongtime.Suddenly,afaintfamiliarglowappearedinhereyes.ShetouchedSally’shairgentlyandsaidslowly,“Mylittlestrawberrygirl…”TearsrolleddownSally’sface.Evenwhenmostmemorieswerelost,thedeepestlovestillstayedinGrandma’sheart.1.WhydidSally’sfamilysendGrandmatoanursinghome?A.Grandmadidn’tlikestayingathome.B.Grandmahadmemoryproblemsandneededgoodcare.C.Thehousewastoosmallforthreepeople.D.Sally’smumwastoobusytolookafterGrandma.2.WhatgiftdidSallybringGrandmaeveryweekend?A.AphotoalbumB.HomemadestrawberryjamC.StrawberryicecreamD.Newstorybooks3.WhathappenedwhenGrandmasawtheoldphotointhealbum?A.Shecriedloudlyandrememberedeverythingclearly.B.SheslowlycalledSally“mylittlestrawberrygirl”.C.Shethrewthealbumawayangrily.D.Shedidn’tshowanyfeelingatall.4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GrandmafeltveryhappyandtalkedalotontheirfirstvisitB.GrandmaalwayscalledSallybyherfullnameeveryweekendC.ThephotoalbumhelpedGrandmarecallalittlefamiliarmemoryD.GrandmacompletelyforgotallaboutherloveforSally5.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?A.Icecreamcanhelpsickoldpeoplegetbetter.B.Alzheimer’sdiseasetakesawayallmemoriesquickly.C.Truelovestaysdeepinheartevenwhenmemoriesfade.D.Weshouldtakelotsofphotosforourfamilymembers.BEveryoneforgetsthingsfromtimetotime.Yousitdowntodoyourhomework,butsuddenlyyoucannotrememberthekeyformulayoujustreadthreeminutesago.Don'tworry—forgettingisnormal.Thegoodnewsisthatmemoryislikeamuscle:themoreyoutrainit,thestrongeritgets.Scientistssayshort-termmemorycanholdonlyabout5–9piecesofinformationatonetime.That'swhyyoumayfeelyourbrainis"full"whenyoutrytomemorizetennewEnglishwordsalltogether.Butwiththerightmethods,youcanmoveinformationfromshort-termmemoryintolong-termmemory—andkeepittherefortests,essays,andreal-lifeuse.Herearethreesimplebutpowerfultechniquesstudentscanuse:①TheChunkingMethod（分组记忆法）Insteadofmemorizingalonglist,breakitintosmallgroups.Forexample,torememberthe10-digitnumber1234567890,youdon'tlearnitdigitbydigit.Youchunkit:123-456-7890,like