2026年北师大版高中英语必修第一册第7单元同步练习题及答案

2026年北师大版高中英语必修第一册第7单元同步练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年北师大版高中英语必修第一册第7单元同步练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenrenewableenergyandenvironmentalprotection?A.Renewableenergyisharmfultotheenvironment.B.Renewableenergyandenvironmentalprotectionhavenoconnection.C.Renewableenergycansignificantlycontributetoenvironmentalprotection.D.Environmentalprotectionismoreimportantthanrenewableenergydevelopment.参考答案：C2.Whatarethemainadvantagesofusingsolarpanelsforelectricitygeneration,asmentionedinthetext?A.Theyrequirealargeamountofland.B.Theyareexpensivetoinstallandmaintain.C.Theyproducecleanenergyandaresustainable.D.Theyareonlyeffectiveinsunnyclimates.参考答案：C3.Ifawindfarmgenerates500megawattsofpoweranduses20windturbines,howmuchpowerdoeseachturbinegenerate,assumingtheyareallequallyefficient?A.25megawattsB.50megawattsC.100megawattsD.200megawatts参考答案：A4.Thetextdiscussestheimpactofhydropoweronlocalecosystems.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialnegativeeffectmentioned?A.IncreasedairpollutionB.HabitatdestructionforfishC.ReducedwateravailabilityD.Higherenergycosts参考答案：B5.WhatistheprimarypurposeoftheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)?A.Topromotetheuseoffossilfuels.B.Toprovidefinancialsupportforfossilfuelprojects.C.Tosupportthedevelopmentanddeploymentofrenewableenergytechnologies.D.Toregulatethepricesofrenewableenergy.参考答案：C6.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainchallengesinexpandingrenewableenergyuse?A.LackofgovernmentsupportB.HighinitialcostsandtechnologicallimitationsC.PublicresistancetonewinfrastructureD.Insufficientenergydemand参考答案：B7.Thetextcomparesthecostsofrenewableenergysources.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Solarenergyisalwaysmoreexpensivethanwindenergy.B.Thecostofrenewableenergyhasbeendecreasingovertime.C.Renewableenergysourcesaremoreexpensivethanfossilfuelsinallcases.D.Thecostofrenewableenergyisnotaffectedbytechnologicaladvancements.参考答案：B8.Whatroledoenergystoragesystemsplayintheintegrationofrenewableenergy?A.Theyincreasetherelianceonfossilfuels.B.Theyhelptobalancethegridbystoringexcessenergy.C.Theyreducetheefficiencyofrenewableenergysystems.D.Theyhavenoimpactonthegridstability.参考答案：B9.Thepassagementionstheimportanceofgovernmentpoliciesinpromotingrenewableenergy.Whichofthefollowingpoliciesisdiscussed?A.TaxincentivesforrenewableenergyprojectsB.IncreasedsubsidiesforfossilfuelindustriesC.StricterregulationsonrenewableenergyuseD.Reducedfundingforresearchinrenewableenergy参考答案：A10.Whatistheexpectedimpactofincreasedrenewableenergyuseonglobalenergymarkets,assuggestedinthetext?A.HigherpricesforelectricityB.IncreaseddemandforfossilfuelsC.GreaterenergyindependenceforcountriesD.Reducedcompetitionamongenergyproviders参考答案：C二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.Thelocalgovernmenthastaken______toimproveairqualityinthecity.参考答案：measures2.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,arebecomingincreasingly______inmanycountries.参考答案：popular3.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofelectricvehiclesontheroadhas______by30%overthepastyear.参考答案：increased4.Toreducecarbonemissions,manyindustriesareinvestingin______technologiesandprocesses.参考答案：cleaner5.TheUnitedNationshascalledforglobalcooperationtoaddressthe______ofclimatechange.参考答案：challenge6.Deforestationnotonlyleadstolossofbiodiversitybutalsocontributestothe______ofgreenhousegases.参考答案：emission7.Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtominimizeenvironmental______whilemaintainingproductivity.参考答案：impact8.Theuseofpublictransportationcansignificantlyreducetraffic______andimproveurbancongestion.参考答案：jam9.Energyefficiencystandardsarebeingimplementedtoencouragetheadoptionof______appliancesandbuildings.参考答案：sustainable10.The______ofplasticwasteinoceansisamajorenvironmentalconcernworldwide.参考答案：pollution三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,areplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinreducingglobalcarbonemissions.参考答案：√2.DeforestationnotonlyleadstolossofbiodiversitybutalsocontributestoclimatechangebyreducingtheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.参考答案：√3.Sustainableagriculturepractices,includingcroprotationandorganicfarming,cansignificantlyreducetheenvironmentalimpactoffoodproduction.参考答案：√4.Theuseofpublictransportationisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducetrafficcongestionandairpollutioninurbanareas.参考答案：√5.Energyefficiencystandardsforbuildingsandappliancescanleadtosubstantialenergysavingsandlowergreenhousegasemissionsovertime.参考答案：√6.Thedisposalofplasticwasteinlandfillsposesaseriousthreattobothhumanhealthandtheenvironmentduetoitsslowdegradationrate.参考答案：√7.Accordingtothereport,thenumberofrenewableenergyinstallationshasbeensteadilyincreasingoverthepastdecade.参考答案：√8.Toreducecarbonemissions,manygovernmentshaveimplementedpoliciesthatincentivizetheuseofrenewableenergyandenergy-efficienttechnologies.参考答案：√9.TheUnitedNationshascalledforglobalcooperationtoaddressthechallengesofclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.参考答案：√10.Renewableenergysources,suchashydroelectricpower,areconsideredtobecompletelycleanandhavenonegativeenvironmentalimpacts.参考答案：×四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.Describethemainfunctionofrenewableenergysourcesinmodernsociety.参考答案：Renewableenergysourcesprovidecleanandsustainablepower,reducingrelianceonfossilfuelsandloweringgreenhousegasemissions.2.ExplainthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevoiceinEnglishsentences.参考答案：Activevoiceusesthesubjectperformingtheaction(e.g.,"Theteacherexplainsthelesson"),whilepassivevoiceusesthesubjectreceivingtheaction(e.g.,"Thelessonisexplainedbytheteacher").3.Howdoestheuseofpublictransportationcontributetoenvironmentalprotection?参考答案：Publictransportationreducestrafficcongestion,lowersairpollution,andconservesenergybytransportingmanypeopleefficiently.4.Whatarethekeyfeaturesofawell-structuredparagraphinacademicwriting?参考答案：Awell-structuredparagraphhasacleartopicsentence,supportingdetails,andaconcludingsentence.Itmaintainsunityandcoherence,ensuringallsentencesrelatetothemainidea.5.Discusstheimportanceofmaintainingenergyefficiencyinbuildings.参考答案：Energyefficiencyinbuildingsreducesenergyconsumption,lowersutilitybills,anddecreasesenvironmentalimpactbyusinglesspowerforthesameoutput.6.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocesswhereplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinchloroplastswithchlorophyllabsorbinglightenergy.7.Explainhowtoeffectivelyreducewasteproductionindailylife.参考答案：Reducingwasteinvolvespracticeslikerecycling,composting,usingreusableproducts,andminimizingconsumption.Properwastemanagementpreventspollutionandconservesresources.8.Whatarethemainbenefitsofusingsolarpanelsforhomeenergy?参考答案：Solarpanelsprovideclean,freeenergyfromthesun,reduceelectricitybills,andincreasepropertyvalue.Theyaresustainableandlow-maintenance.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）（先阅读下面材料，再根据材料内容作答，答案写在对应题目下方的横线上）Therapidadvancementofrenewableenergytechnologieshasbroughtsignificantchangestotheglobalenergylandscape.Solarpower,windenergy,andhydroelectricpowerhavebecomeincreasinglycost-effectiveandarebeingadoptedatafasterratethaneverbefore.Governmentsandprivatecompaniesareinvestingheavilyinthesetechnologies,recognizingtheirpotentialtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandcombatclimatechange.However,theintegrationofrenewableenergyintoexistingpowergridspresentsseveralchallenges.Theseincludeissuesrelatedtoenergystorage,gridstability,andtheneedfornewinfrastructure.Despitethesechallenges,thetransitiontorenewableenergysourcesisseenasinevitableandnecessaryforasustainablefuture.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofrenewableenergyB.ThebenefitsofrenewableenergysourcesC.ThechallengesofintegratingrenewableenergyD.Theeconomicimpactofrenewableenergy参考答案：B2.Accordingtothepassage,whyaregovernmentsandprivatecompaniesinvestinginrenewableenergy?A.ToincreasegreenhousegasemissionsB.ToreducegreenhousegasemissionsandcombatclimatechangeC.TodecreasethecostofenergyproductionD.Topromotetheuseoffossilfuels参考答案：B3.Whataresomeofthechallengesmentionedinthepassageregardingrenewableenergy?A.HighinitialcostsandlackofgovernmentsupportB.Energystorage,gridstability,andnewinfrastructureneedsC.LimitedavailabilityofrenewableresourcesD.Publicresistancetorenewableenergyprojects参考答案：B4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy?A.ItwillremainanichemarketwithlimitedgrowthB.Itwillbecomeincreasinglycost-effectiveandwidelyadoptedC.ItwillfacetoomanychallengestobeviableD.Itwillbereplacedbymoretraditionalenergysources参考答案：B5.Theword"combat"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto:A.TofightagainstB.TosupportC.TodevelopD.Toignore参考答案：A6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthekeyissuesinintegratingrenewableenergyintoexistingpowergrids?A.ThelackofskilledworkersB.ThehighcostofnewinfrastructureC.TheneedforenergystorageandgridstabilityD.Theresistancefromthepublic参考答案：C7.Thepassagementionsthatrenewableenergysourcesarebecomingmorecost-effective.Whatdoesthisimply?A.ThecostofrenewableenergytechnologiesisincreasingB.RenewableenergytechnologiesarebecomingmoreaffordableC.RenewableenergyisbecominglesspopularD.Renewableenergyisbecomingmoredifficulttoimplement参考答案：B8.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetransitiontorenewableenergyis:A.UnnecessaryandenvironmentallyharmfulB.NecessarybutchallengingC.OnlybeneficialforcertainregionsD.Tooslowandnoturgent参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“renewableenergyandenvironmentalprotection”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，renewableenergy（可再生能源）对environmentalprotection（环境保护）有显著贡献，故C正确。A错误，renewableenergy对environmentalprotection有益。B错误，两者有密切关系。D错误，renewableenergy是environmentalprotection的重要手段。2.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“advantagesofsolarpanels”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，solarpanels（太阳能电池板）的主要优点是产生清洁能源且可持续，故C正确。A错误，solarpanels不占用大量土地。B错误，solarpanels安装和维护成本相对较低。D错误，solarpanels在多云天气也能产生部分电力。3.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“powergenerationperwindturbine”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，总功率500megawatts（兆瓦）由20windturbines（风力涡轮机）平均分配，每台涡轮机产生500/20=25megawatts，故B正确。A、C、D计算错误。4.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“negativeeffectsofhydropower”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，hydropower（水力发电）可能破坏鱼类栖息地，故B正确。A错误，hydropower不增加空气污染。C错误，hydropower不减少水资源。D错误，hydropower通常成本较低。5.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“purposeofIRENA”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，IRENA（国际可再生能源机构）的主要目的是支持可再生能源技术和部署，故C正确。A错误，IRENA促进可再生能源而非化石燃料。B错误，IRENA不提供化石燃料资金。D错误，IRENA不调节可再生能源价格。6.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“challengesinexpandingrenewableenergy”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，扩展可再生能源的主要挑战是初始成本高和技术限制，故B正确。A错误，政府支持是促进因素。C错误，公共阻力是挑战但不是主要因素。D错误，需求不足不是主要挑战。7.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“costtrendsofrenewableenergy”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，renewableenergy（可再生能源）成本随技术进步而下降，故B正确。A错误，太阳能和风能成本因地区而异。C错误，可再生能源在许多情况下比化石燃料便宜。D错误，技术进步降低成本。8.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“roleofenergystoragesystems”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，energystoragesystems（储能系统）通过储存多余能源平衡电网，故B正确。A错误，储能系统减少对化石燃料依赖。C错误，储能系统提高效率。D错误，储能系统对电网稳定有重要影响。9.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“governmentpoliciesforrenewableenergy”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，政府通过税收优惠促进renewableenergy（可再生能源）项目，故A正确。B错误，IRENA不补贴化石燃料。C错误，IRENA不限制可再生能源。D错误，IRENA不削减可再生能源研究资金。10.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“impactofrenewableenergyonglobalmarkets”的知识点。根据第7单元内容，增加renewableenergyuse（可再生能源使用）将提高国家能源独立性，故C正确。A错误，renewableenergy通常降低电价。B错误，renewableenergy减少对化石燃料依赖。D错误，renewableenergy增加市场竞争。二、填空题1.参考答案：measures解析：本题考查“采取措施”这一常用搭配。根据句意，地方政府已经采取了措施来改善空气质量。measures是动词take的宾语，表示措施、方法，符合语境。2.参考答案：popular解析：本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意，可再生能源（如太阳能和风能）在许多国家越来越受欢迎。popular表示受欢迎的、普及的，符合语境。3.参考答案：increased解析：本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意，过去一年路上行驶的电动汽车数量增加了30%。increased是动词increase的过去分词形式，表示增加的，符合语境。4.参考答案：cleaner解析：本题考查形容词的比较级。根据句意，为了减少碳排放，许多行业正在投资更清洁的技术和工艺。cleaner是clean的比较级，表示更清洁的，符合语境。5.参考答案：challenge解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，联合国呼吁全球合作应对气候变化这一挑战。challenge表示挑战、难题，符合语境。6.参考答案：emission解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，森林砍伐不仅导致生物多样性丧失，还加剧了温室气体的排放。emission表示排放、散发，符合语境。7.参考答案：impact解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，可持续农业实践旨在尽量减少对环境的影响，同时保持生产力。impact表示影响、作用，符合语境。8.参考答案：jam解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，使用公共交通可以显著减少交通堵塞和城市拥堵。jam表示堵塞、拥挤，符合语境。9.参考答案：sustainable解析：本题考查形容词的用法。根据句意，正在实施能源效率标准，以鼓励采用可持续的电器和建筑。sustainable表示可持续的、环保的，符合语境。10.参考答案：pollution解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，塑料垃圾在海洋中的污染是worldwide的主要环境问题。pollution表示污染，符合语境。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“可再生能源在减少全球碳排放中的作用”。题干表述正确。太阳能和风能等可再生能源是清洁能源，它们在减少温室气体排放方面发挥着越来越重要的作用，这是全球能源转型和应对气候变化的关键策略之一。2.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“森林砍伐对生物多样性和气候变化的影响”。题干表述正确。森林砍伐导致生物多样性丧失，同时减少了地球吸收二氧化碳的能力，加剧了气候变化问题。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“可持续农业实践对环境的影响”。题干表述正确。轮作和有机农业等可持续农业实践可以显著减少食品生产的环境影响，提高土壤健康，减少化学品使用。4.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“公共交通在减少城市交通拥堵和空气污染中的作用”。题干表述正确。使用公共交通是减少城市交通拥堵和空气污染的有效方式，有助于改善城市环境质量。5.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“建筑和电器能效标准对能源节约和温室气体排放的影响”。题干表述正确。能效标准可以促使建筑和电器更加节能，从而减少能源消耗和温室气体排放。6.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“塑料垃圾在填埋场对人类健康和环境的影响”。题干表述正确。塑料垃圾在填埋场降解缓慢，对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁，需要寻找更可持续的废弃物管理方法。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“过去十年可再生能源安装数量的变化”。题干表述正确。根据报告，可再生能源安装数量在过去十年中稳步增加，表明全球对可再生能源的接受度和使用率在提高。8.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“政府政策在减少碳排放中的作用”。题干表述正确。许多政府通过激励措施鼓励使用可再生能源和能效技术，以减少碳排放，推动绿色能源发展。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“联合国在全球气候变化和环境退化问题上的作用”。题干表述正确。联合国呼吁全球合作应对气候变化和环境退化挑战，强调国际合作的重要性。10.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“水力发电的环境影响”。题干表述错误。虽然水力发电是一种可再生能源，但它并非完全没有负面影响。水力发电可能对河流生态系统、鱼类迁徙和当地社区产生环境影响，因此不能说它完全没有负面环境影响。四、简答题1.参考答案：Renewableenergysourcesprovidecleanandsustainablepower,reducingrelianceonfossilfuelsandloweringgreenhousegasemissions.解析：本题考查《7单元》中“renewableenergysources”知识点。解析：Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,generateelectricitywithoutproducingharmfulpollutants.Theyarecrucialforreducingcarbonfootprintsandensuringlong-termenergysecurity.Theirmainfunctionistoprovideasustainablealternativetofossilfuels,whicharefiniteandcontributesignificantlytoclimatechange.2.参考答案：Activevoiceusesthesubjectperformingtheaction(e.g.,"Theteacherexplainsthelesson"),whilepassivevoiceusesthesubjectreceivingtheaction(e.g.,"Thelessonisexplainedbytheteacher").解析：本题考查《7单元》中“activeandpassivevoice”知识点。解析：Activevoicemakessentencesmoredirectanddynamic,clearlyshowingwhoperformstheaction.Passivevoiceisusefulwhentheactorisunknownorunimportant,orwhenemphasizingtheactionratherthanthedoer.UnderstandingthisdistinctionhelpsinwritingmoreeffectiveandclearEnglishsentences.3.参考答案：Publictransportationreducestrafficcongestion,lowersairpollution,andconservesenergybytransportingmanypeopleefficiently.解析：本题考查《7单元》中“publictransportation”知识点。解析：Publictransportationsystems,likebusesandtrains,carrylargenumbersofpeoplewithfewervehiclescomparedtoprivatecars.Thisefficiencyreducesthenumberofcarsontheroad,decreasingtrafficcongestionandemissions.Additionally,itpromotestheuseofcleanerenergysources,contributingtoenvironmentalprotection.4.参考答案：Awell-structuredparagraphhasacleartopicsentence,supportingdetails,andaconcludingsentence.Itmaintainsunityandcoherence,ensuringallsentencesrelatetothemainidea.解析：本题考查《7单元》中“paragraphstructure”知识点。解析：Awell-organizedparagraphbeginswithatopicsentencethatstatesthemainidea.Thefollowingsentencesprovideevidence,examples,orexplanationstosupportthisidea.Aconcludingsentencemaysummarizeorlinktothenextpoint.Unityensuresallsentencesfocusonthetopic,whilecoherenceusestransitionstocreateasmoothflow.5.参考答案：Energyefficiencyinbuildingsreducesenergyconsumption,lowersutilitybills,anddecreasesenvironmentalimpactbyusinglesspowerforthesameoutput.解析：本题考查《7单元》中“energyefficiency”知识点。解析：Energy-efficientbuildingsuseadvancedmaterials,insulation,andsystemstominimizeenergywaste.Thisreducesrelianceonnon-renewableenergysources,loweringcostsforresidentsandbusinesses.Italsodecreasesgreenhousegasemissions,contributingtoenvironmentalsustainability.6.参考答案：Photosynthesisistheprocesswhereplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Itoccursinchloroplastswithchlorophyllabsorbinglightenergy.解析：本题考查《7单元》