Unit 3 The art of painting 讲义（上）-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版2020选择性必修第一册

M4U3TheartofpaintingI趣味导入liberateAfromliberateAfromB使A摆脱B的约束答案：1.liberation;liberate答案：1.liberation;liberate2.opposed;oppose;opposite3.employ;employee;employer4.essence;essential;essentially5.worthy;worth6.vision;visual;visually语言知识初探根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1._________n.解放，摆脱→_________vt.解放；释放2.______adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的→______vt.反对；抵抗；竞争→______adj.相反的；对面的；对立的3._________vt.运用，使用；雇用→_________n.雇员；受雇者；雇工→_________n.雇主，老板4._________n.[U]本质，精髓；香精，精油→_________adj.必不可少的；最重要的；本质上的→_________adv.本质上地，根本上地_________adj.值得（或应得）……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的→_________adj.值……钱n.价值；作用_________n.远见卓识；视力；视野；想象（力）；幻想；憧憬→_________adj.视觉的；视力的；可见的→_________adv.视觉上地；可见地根据提示补全下列短语portraitpainting肖像画stilllifepainting静物画landscapepainting风景画，山水画cityscapepainting城市景观画real-lifepainting写实画averyrewardingexperience一次非常有益的经历layeyeson/uponsth./sb.注视，看见make/leavethedeepestimpressionon/uponsb.给某人留下最深刻的印象havealastinginfluenceon/upon…对……有持久的影响inauniqueway以独特的方式bestruckby…被……打动jumpoutattheviewer引观众/读者注目like-mindedartists志同道合的艺术家seekliberationfrom…从……寻求解放，摆脱……的束缚asopposedto…（表示对比）而，相对于employfreebrushwork采用自由笔法beworthyofnote值得注意,值得一提的是lookattheworldfromanentirelynewpointofview从一个全新的角度/观点看待世界drawcomfortfromsth.从某物中获得安慰displayatalentforpainting展现绘画的天赋resultinsth.导致，引起incontrastto...相比之下，与……相比重点知识点解析知识要点1wandervi.&vt.&n.[sing.]闲逛，漫步vi.走失，偏离正道；（思想）走神，开小差(教材P30)AsIwanderedthroughtheImpressionistgallery,IappreciatedmasterpieceslikeTheBalletClassandTheCardPlayers.漫步于印象派展馆，我欣赏着像《舞蹈课》和《玩纸牌者》这样的杰作。【常见搭配】wanderabout/overtheworld周游世界wanderthrough/aroundthestreet在街上游荡wanderaway/off走失，走散wanderoff/from...偏离……如：Shewanderedaimlesslyaroundthestreets.她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。Thechildwanderedoffandgotlost.那孩子走散后迷路了。Theyhadwanderedfromthepathintothewoods.他们离开小路消失在树林里。Hismindwaswandering.他走神了。【归纳拓展】词性转换：wanderern.徘徊者，流浪者知识要点2strikevt.&vi.&n.(教材P31)WhenIsawitupclose,Iwasstruckbythesmallareasoflightacrossthepainting,andthewaythesoftedgesofthefiguresseemedtomixtogether.近距离观赏，画布上遍布着小面积的光斑，人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体，令我大为震撼。【用法详解】(1)vt.[不用于进行时]（使）突然想到/意识到（想法或念头）；给（某人以……）印象常见搭配sth.strikesb.=sth.hitsb.某人突然想到某事Itstrikes/strucksb.that...主语从句=Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...主语从句某人突然想到……sb.bestruckbysth.意识到……；被……所打动sth./sb.strikesb.as+n./adj.给某人留下某种印象如：Anawfulthoughthasjuststruckme.刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。Iwasstruckbyherresemblancetomyaunt.我猛然发现/惊讶于她长得跟我姑姑很像。Itsuddenlystruckmehowwecouldimprovethesituation.我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。Hisreactionstruckmeasodd.他的反应令我诧异。【用法详解】(2)vt.（正式用语）撞，碰；击，打n.[usu.sing.]击，打，踢常见搭配strikesb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词击打某人的某一部位如：strikesb.ontheshoulder/head打某人的肩膀/头Shestruckhimintheface.她掴了他一耳光。Theshipstruckarock.船触礁了。Hisspectacularstrikeinthesecondhalfmadethescore2–0.他在下半场令人叹为观止的一脚射门把比分改写为2:0。【用法详解】(3)vt.&vi.（灾难、疾病）侵袭，爆发如：Twodayslatertragedystruck.两天后悲剧发生了。Theareawasstruckbyanoutbreakofcholera.那一地区爆发了霍乱。【用法详解】(4)vt.&vi.敲（钟），报时；划（火柴）；敲击、弹奏（乐器）如：Theclockhasjuststruckthree.时钟刚刚敲过三点。Didyouheartheclockstrike?你听见钟响了吗？strikeamatchonawall在墙上擦火柴Thematchesweredampandhecouldn'tmakethemstrike.火柴受潮了，他划不着。strikethedrum击鼓【用法详解】(5)vt.找到折中方法如：strikeaproperbalancebetweenworkandrest劳逸结合【用法详解】(6)n.[C]罢工；袭击常见搭配be(out)onstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工launchastrikeon/against...发动对……的袭击【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）strickenadj.[常与其他词结合构成复合词]受灾的；患病的；受苦的如：earthquake-strickenareas地震灾区（2）strikingadj.惊人的；显著的；引人注目的如：astriking/remarkablefeature显著的特征Instrikingcontrasttotheirbrothers,thegirlswerebothintelligentandcharming.姑娘们既聪明伶俐，又妩媚动人，跟她们的兄弟形成鲜明的对照。【即时巩固】翻译句子1.在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。（干练的：efficient）Shestrikesmeasaveryefficientperson.在这一刻，我突然意识到自己是在浪费时间。Atthispoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime.知识要点3asopposedto...而（不是），相对于…… (教材P31)Everydaysubjectmatterwasthemainfocusoftheirworks,asopposedtothehistorypaintingsthathadtraditionallydominatedEuropeanart.印象派的作品主要关注日常主题，这与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材画作大相径庭。如：200attended,asopposedto/incontrastto300thepreviousyear.出席的有200人，而前一年是300人。Thisexercisedevelopssupplenessasopposedto(=ratherthan)strength.oppositeadj.（作前置oppositeadj.（作前置定语）对面的；相反的，迥然不同的如：Welivefurtherdownontheoppositesideoftheroad.我们住在马路对面再远一点的地方。Iwatchedthemleaveandthendroveoffintheoppositedirection.我目送他们离开，然后开车向相反的方向驶去。【归纳拓展】相关词语积累：opposedadj.截然不同的；强烈反对的常见搭配beopposedto(doing)sth.反对（做）某事opposevt.反对，对抗，抵制；与……竞争常见搭配oppose(doing)sth.反对（做）某事=beopposedto(doing)sth.opposesb./sb.’sdoingsth.反对某人做某事如：Theyaretotallyopposedtoabortion.他们完全反对堕胎。Ourviewsarediametricallyopposedonthisissue.在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。Hethrewallthosethatopposedhimintoprison.他把所有反对他的人都投进了监狱。Iwouldopposechangingthelaw.我将反对改变这个法规。Heintendstoopposetheprimeministerintheleadershipelection.在领导选举中，他欲与首相一决高下。oppositionn.[U]~(tosb./sth.)（强烈的）反对，反抗，对抗如：Delegatesexpressedstrongoppositiontotheplans.代表强烈反对这些计划。（4）opponentn.[C]对手，竞争者【即时巩固】单句语法填空Hewasstronglyopposedtotheidea.Jenny’sfatherstronglyopposedhergoing(go)therealone.知识要点4employvt.运用，使用；雇佣；花时间做，忙于做（某事）(教材P31)Theyemployedfreebrushworkandusedcolourstoshowtheeffectoflightonthings,creatingpaintingsthatwerefarlessrealisticthantheworksthatcamebefore.他们运用自由的笔法，使用色彩来表现光线投射在物体上的效果，创作的画远不如前人之作那么写实。【用法详解】employamethod/technique运用方法/技巧employsb.as…雇佣某人为……employsb.todosth.雇佣某人做某事beemployedin(doing)sth.忙于（做）某事如：Can'tweemploysomeoneasanassistanttohelpwithallthispaperwork?我们不可以雇一位助理来协助处理这些文书工作吗？We'veemployedamarketresearchertofindoutwhatpeoplereallywantfromacableTVsystem.我们已经雇用了一位市场调研员来调查人们到底想通过有线电视系统看到什么样的节目。Hewasbusilyemployedinlacinguphisshoes.他忙着系鞋带。【归纳拓展】词性转换：（1）employern.雇佣者，雇主↔employeen.受雇者，雇员，雇工（2）employmentn.职业；雇佣；使用↔unemploymentn.失业→unemployedadj.失业的常见搭配beoutofemployment=beoutofwork=loseone’sjob失业createemploymentopportunities创造就业机会theunemployed(people)失业者【即时巩固】单句语法填空1.Anumberofpeoplehavebeenemployedtodeal(deal)withthebacklogofwork.已雇来一些人处理积压的工作。2.Shewasemployedinmakingalistofallthejobstobedone.3.Therearemeasurestohelpreduceunemployment(employ).知识要点5worthy adj.值得（或应得）……的；（作前置定语）值得尊敬的，值得注意的(教材P31)ItisalsoworthyofnotethatPost-ImpressionistpainterswerenottheonlyonestobeinfluencedbyImpressionism--themovementhashadalastinginfluenceonmodernart,encouragingartiststolookattheworldfromanentirelynewpointofview.值得注意的是，后印象派画家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体--这场运动还对现代艺术产生了持久的影响，鼓励着艺术家们从一个全新的视觉去看待世界。【用法详解】beworthyof+n.值得……beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone某事值得被做如：Anumberofthereport'sfindingsareworthyofnote.这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。Nocomposerwasconsideredworthyofthenameuntilhehadwrittenanopera.作曲家直到写出一部歌剧来才被认为是名副其实。Hefelthewasnotworthyofher.他觉得他配不上她。aworthymemberoftheteam一位优秀的队员【易混辨析】worthy/worthwhile/worth易混词用法常见句型或搭配worthy作定语修饰名词时，一般表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰的”；作表语时，一般表示“值得（或应得）……的”。sb./sth.beworthy+=1\*GB3①of+n.=2\*GB3②ofbeingdone=3\*GB3③tobedoneworthwhile表示“值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的”，可作表语、定语或补语。It’sworthwhiletodo/doingsth.worth一般用作表语，其前可用well修饰，不能用very修饰。sb./sth.beworth+=1\*GB3①n.=2\*GB3②doing（主动表被动）【即时巩固】单句语法填空1.Thebankmightthinkyou'reworthyofaloan.银行也许会认为你具备贷款的条件。2.Itisworthwhiletoinclude/including(include)reallyhigh-qualityillustrations.3.Thisideaiswellworthconsidering/consideration(consider).突破重点句式(教材P31)Althoughthepaintingshadverydifferentsettings,itwastheirsimilaritiesthatstayedwithmelongafterIlefttheMuseed’Orsay--similaritieswhichcanbeseenthroughouttheImpressionist’spaintings.尽管这两幅画的背景截然不同，但在我离开奥赛博物馆后很长一段时间里，一直萦绕着我的却是它们的相似之处——这种相似之处在印象派的画作中随处可见。【句式剖析】此句中，开头为although引导的让步状语从句，“itwastheirsimilaritiesthat...theMuseed’Orsay--”为强调句型，“which...theImpressionist’spaintings”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词similarities。【考点提炼】强调句型：(1)强调句的基本结构强调句的基本结构是：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分，可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语（介词短语、状语从句），但不能强调定语或谓语。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即：如果去掉Itis/was和that/who后能还原为一般句式，且句子各成分完整，则是强调句；否则不是。如：ItwasinNewZealandthatElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.所强调成分为：状语Itwasyouthat/whoIthoughtofallthetime.所强调成分为：宾语ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.所强调成分为：状语Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaythatmatters.所强调成分为：主语(2)强调句的一般疑问句、特殊疑问句，以及not...until...句型的强调结构=1\*GB3①一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分？如：Isitthefamouswriterandhisworksthathavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents?=2\*GB3②特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/wasit+that+其他成分？如：Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?=3\*GB3③not...until...句型的强调结构：Itis/was+notuntil...+that+其他成分.如：Itwasnotuntilmidnightthattheyreachedthecampsite.注意若被强调的部分是句子的主语，则that/who之后的谓语要在人称和数上与句子主语保持一致。如：ItisIwhoamtoblameforthefault.Itisyouwhoarelikelytowinthecontest.【即时巩固】单句语法填空1.Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.2.Itwasonthefarmthattheyvisitedthattheygottoknow.3.It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakes(make)lifehappy.强化练习Ⅰ.词汇练习（一）单词拼写1.OnlyaftertheWarL______________ofcouldthepeopleliveapeacefullife.2.Theyoungmanwaspracticingsurfingwhenasharks______________.3.Idioms,whichreflectcustoms,arethee______________ofcultureineverycountry.4.ThepaintingsthatDaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingd______________intheassemblyhall.5.Thebookissuretofuelchildren’simaginationwithitsv______________stories.6.Hehasauthority，buthedoesn’ttryto______________(支配；控制)(others).7.Nancywas______________(游荡)aimlesslyalongtheintertwiningroadsandfootpathswhenIsawher.8.Whethertosendchildrentostudyabroadisavitaldecision______________(值得的)ofcarefulconsideration.9.Surroundyourselfwith______________(志趣相投的)friends,whichhelpsyourealizeyourdreams.10.Thesenseof______________(视觉)isoneoftheimportantwaysthatthemankindobtainanoutsideinformation.【答案】1.Liberation2.struck3.essence4.displayed5.vivid6.dominate7.wandering8.worthy9.like-minded10.vision（二）单句语法填空1.Variousbrandsofwatchesarenow______________displayintheshopwindows.2.Severalspecialists______________(employ)fromoverseastosolvethepresentproblem.3.Theboyfell,______________(strike)hisheadontheedgeofthetable.4.Theyaccusedhimofhavingaprejudiceagainsthiswomen______________(employ).5.Atthatmoment,theysawapennilessyoungman______________(wander)onthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.6.Heisathleticas______________(oppose)tohisdeskmate,whoisveryquiet.7.Hardworkis______________(essence)forastudent'sacademicsuccess.8.Ayearago,Iwas______________(employ),andIwastryingtofigureoutwheretofindajob.9.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmore______________(strike)sinceI'vebegunusingasmartphone.10.（翻译句子）既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日值得你体验一下。(1)SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChinesecultures,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworth______________.(2)SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChinesecultures,Ithinkthisfestivaliswellworthyto______________/of______________.(3)SinceyouareinterestedintraditionalChinesecultures,Ithinkitisworthwhilethisfestival______________.【答案】1.on2.havebeenemployed3.striking4.employees5.wandering6.opposed7.essential8.unemployed9.striking10.①experiencing②beexperienced/beingexperienced③experiencing/toexperienceII.完形填空Weallloveourparentsandturntothemwhenwe’reinneed,butwouldyoulikethemtohearthe__21__youhavewithyourfriendsintheschoolplaygroundorlunchqueue?Socialnetworkingsites,suchasmicro-blog,blogandtheFacebook,haveactuallybecome__22__oftheschoolhallways(走廊),sowouldyouaddyourparentsas“friends”andallowthemto__23__youronline__24__andconversationswithfriends?Inthepastthegenerationgapincludedatechnologygap,wherechildrenwere__25__withlatesttechnologyandparentswereleftbehind,contenttocontinuetheirday-to-daylivesastheyalwayshadbecausetheyhadno__26__tobegoodatnewtechnology.__27__,moreandmoreparentsarebeginningto__28__justhowimportantsocialnetworksareintheirlives.Thisrealizationhasgivenmanyparentsthe__29__toeducatethemselvesaboutsocialnetworkingsites.Thesedaysmanypeopleare__30__tosocialnetworkingsitesbecausetheycanchoosewhotheyhavearoundthem;there’salsoacertainamountofcontrolover__31__thatwedon’tgetinreallife.Sometimeswefeelthatprivacyis__32__whenwemustaccepta“friend”requestfromaparentorfamilymember.It’sadifficultchoicewhetherornottoallowaparenttobecomeapartofour__33__lives.Ontheonehandwedon’twantto“refuse”theirrequestbecausethatmighthurttheirfeelingsormakethemfeelyouhavesomethingto__34__.Ontheotherhand,ifyoudoaccept,thenyoucouldhavea(n)__35__ofbeingwatchedandnolongerfeel__36__tocommentorcommunicatethewayyoudidbefore.Arecentsurveysuggestedthatparentsshouldn’ttakeitpersonallyiftheirchildignorestheirrequest:“Whenateenignoresaparent’sfriendrequest,itdoesn’t__37__meanthattheyarehidingsomething,butitcouldmeanthatthisisonepartoftheirlifewheretheywanttobetruly__38__.”Perhapstalkingwithparentsandgivingexplanationswouldhelpsoftenthe__39__ifyoudochoosenotto__40__themtoyourfriendslist.21.A.quarrels B.conversations C.debates D.bargains22.A.explosions B.focuses C.extensions D.definitions23.A.spread B.decide C.repeat D.view24.A.habits B.activities C.images D.shows25.A.inassociation B.inconflict C.sidebyside D.uptodate26.A.need B.choiceC.money D.time27.A.However B.Indeed C.Thus D.Otherwise28.A.advocate B.realize C.deny D.doubt29.A.excuse B.ability C.motivation D.chance30.A.exposed B.attracted C.adapted D.committed31.A.privacy B.privilege C.personalityD.process32.A.interpreted B.interacted C.insulted D.invaded33.A.school B.online C.family D.social34.A.avoid B.dislike C.hide D.refuse35.A.guilt B.memory C.sense D.obligation36.A.worried B.satisfied C.real D.free37.A.nevertheless B.necessarily C.possibly D.entirely38.A.independent B.available C.popular D.responsible39.A.voice B.hatred C.result D.blow40.A.show B.apply C.add D.force【答案】BCDBDAABCBADBCCDBADCIII.七选五5TipsforcollegefreshmenYoumayhavegrownuplivingwithlotsofsiblings,orthismaybeyourfirsttimesharingyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.66However,itcanalsobeagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.Followthesefivetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear(orevenyears). Addressproblemswhenthey'relittleIsyourroommatealwaysforgettinghisstufffortheshower,andtakingyours?Areyourclothesbeingborrowedfasterthanyoucanwashthem?Addressingthingsthatbotheryouwhilethey'restilllittlecanhelpyourroommatebeawareofsomethinghemaynototherwiseknow.Andaddressinglittlethingsismucheasierthanaddressingthemafterthey'vebecomebig.67Thismayseemsimple,butit’sprobablyoneofthebiggestreasonswhyroommatesexperiencedisagreementorargument.Don'tthinkhe'llmindifyouborrowhisshoesforaquicksoccergame?Forallyouknow,youjuststeppedoveranuncrossableline.Don'tborrow,use,ortakeanythingwithoutgettingpermissionfirst.Befriendly,withoutexpectingtobebestfriendsDon'tgointoyourroommaterelationshipthinkingthatyouaregoingtobebestfriendsforthetimeyou'reatschool.Itmayhappen,butexpectingitsetsbothofyouupfortrouble.Youshouldbefriendlywithyourroommate.68BeopentonewthingsYourroommatemaybefromsomeplaceyou'veneverheardof.69Beopentonewi