人教版初中英语上册第10章语法知识练习题及答案

人教版初中英语上册第10章语法知识练习题及答案第1页共1页人教版初中英语上册第10章语法知识练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Ifyou_______tothepartytomorrow,pleaseletmeknow.A.goB.goesC.goingD.went参考答案：A2.Shesaidshe_______tothelibraryyesterday.A.goB.goesC.wentD.hadgone参考答案：C3.ThemoreyoupracticeEnglish,_______.A.itisbetterB.thebetteritisC.itwillbebetterD.themoregooditis参考答案：B4.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we_______tothepark.A.goB.willgoC.goingD.went参考答案：B5.Hedidn'tknowtheanswer,_______hehadtoaskforhelp.A.andB.butC.soD.because参考答案：B6.IwishI_______acartotravel.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having参考答案：C7.TheteacheraskedmeifI_______totheconcertlastnight.A.goB.goesC.wentD.hadgone参考答案：C8.Ifyou_______tothepartytocelebratehisbirthday,pleasearriveontime.A.comeB.comesC.comingD.came参考答案：A9.Shesaidshe_______tothelibraryyesterday.A.goB.goesC.wentD.hadgone参考答案：C10.Ifitrainstomorrow,we_______tothemuseum.A.don’tgoB.won’tgoC.notgoD.didn’tgo参考答案：B二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.She_______tothepartylastnight,butshewastootired.参考答案：went2.Ifit_______tomorrow,wewillgotothepark.参考答案：rains3.Hesaidhe_______brokenhislegyesterday.参考答案：hadbroken4.TheteacheraskedmeifI_______finishedmyhomework.参考答案：hadfinished5.Ifyou_______harder,youwillpasstheexam.参考答案：study6.IwishI_______acartotravelaroundtheworld.参考答案：had7.ThemoreyoupracticeEnglish,_______youwillspeakitfluently.参考答案：themoreyoupractice,thebetter8.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we_______goonapicnic.参考答案：willgo9.Hedidn’tknowtheanswer,sohe_______toaskforhelp.参考答案：didn’t10.Ifyou_______totheparty,pleasebringagift.参考答案：go三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgotothepark.参考答案：×2.Shewenttotheconcertlastnight.参考答案：√3.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnic.参考答案：√4.Hesaidheboughtanewbikeyesterday.参考答案：×5.Theteacheraskedifwewouldgotothezoonextweek.参考答案：×6.TheyhavebeentotheGreatWall.参考答案：√7.MybrothercanspeakFrenchverywell.参考答案：√8.IwishIhadacar.参考答案：×9.Thebooksaysthattheearthisround.参考答案：√10.Itisimportanttokeepagoodhabit.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.WhatisthebasicstructureofasimplesentenceinEnglish?参考答案：Asimplesentenceconsistsofasubjectandapredicate.2.Howdoyouusethepresentcontinuoustensetodescribeanactionhappeningrightnow?参考答案：Thepresentcontinuoustenseisformedwith"be"+presentparticiple.Itisusedtodescribeactionshappeningatthemomentofspeakingoractionsinprogressoveraperiodoftime.3.Whatisthefunctionofthemodalverb"can"inasentence?参考答案：Themodalverb"can"isusedtoexpressability,possibility,orpermission.4.Explainthedifferencebetween"thereis"and"thereare"inEnglish.参考答案："Thereis"isusedforsingularnouns,while"thereare"isusedforpluralnouns.5.Howdoyouformthepastsimpletenseofregularverbs?参考答案：Thepastsimpletenseofregularverbsisformedbyadding"-ed"tothebaseformoftheverb.6.Whatisthepurposeofusingtheindefinitearticle"a"or"an"?参考答案：Theindefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedbeforesingularcountablenounsthataregeneralornotspecific.7.Describetheusageofthefirstpersonpronouns"I"and"we"inEnglishsentences.参考答案："I"isthefirstpersonsingularpronounusedforoneself,and"we"isthefirstpersonpluralpronounusedforoneselfandothers.8.Howdoyoumakearequestpolitelyusingthe"could"structure?参考答案：Thestructure"could"+baseformoftheverbisusedtomakerequestspolitely.五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）（请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写最后结果不得分）1.Youareorganizingaschoolparty.Writeashortnotice(about60words)includingthefollowingpoints:time(nextFridayafterschool),place(schoolhall),activities(dancing,games,andamovie),andhowtosignup(seetheteacher).Usethesimplefuturetense.A.NextFridayafterschool,therewillbeapartyintheschoolhall.Wewilldance,playgames,andwatchamovie.Tosignup,seetheteacher.B.ThepartywillbeheldnextFridayintheclassroom.Therewillbesinging,drawing,andstorytelling.Signupwithyourclassmates.C.AfterschoolnextFriday,apartywilltakeplaceintheplayground.Therewillbesports,races,andaconcert.Signuponline.D.NextFriday,wewillhaveapartyintheschoolhall.Wewillsing,dance,andplaybasketball.Askyourfriendstojoin.参考答案：ashortnoticeabouttheschoolparty2.LookatthetablebelowwhichshowstheweatherforecastforthenextthreedaysinLondon.Writeashortparagraph(about70words)describingtheweatherchangesandwhatpeopleshouldwear.Day|Temperature|WeatherMonday|15°C|SunnyTuesday|12°C|RainyWednesday|14°C|CloudyA.TheweatherinLondonwillbesunnyonMondaywithatemperatureof15°C.ItwillberainyonTuesdaywithatemperatureof12°C.ItwillbecloudyonWednesdaywithatemperatureof14°C.PeopleshouldwearT-shirtsandshortsonMonday,umbrellasonTuesday,andlightjacketsonWednesday.B.LondonwillhavesunnyweatheronMonday(15°C),rainyweatheronTuesday(12°C),andcloudyweatheronWednesday(14°C).PeopleshouldwearsummerclothesonMonday,raincoatsonTuesday,andsweatersonWednesday.C.TheweatherforecastforLondonissunny(15°C)onMonday,rainy(12°C)onTuesday,andcloudy(14°C)onWednesday.Peopleshouldwearsummerclothes,raincoats,andlightjacketsrespectively.D.LondonwillbesunnyonMonday(15°C),rainyonTuesday(12°C),andcloudyonWednesday(14°C).PeopleshouldwearshortsandT-shirtsonMonday,umbrellasonTuesday,andsweatersonWednesday.参考答案：ashortparagraphdescribingtheweatherchangesandwhatpeopleshouldwear3.YourfriendTomislearningEnglish.Heasksyouforhelpwiththefollowingsentences.Writethecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.a)She(go)tothelibraryeverySunday.b)We(watch)amovielastnight.c)They(notfinish)theirhomeworkyet.d)He(be)athomerightnow.A.a)goes,b)watched,c)haven'tfinished,d)isB.a)goes,b)willwatch,c)didn'tfinish,d)wasC.a)go,b)watched,c)aren'tfinishing,d)isD.a)goes,b)watched,c)haven'tfinished,d)was参考答案：a)goes,b)watched,c)haven'tfinished,d)is4.Lookatthediagramofaschoolgardenbelow.Thegardenis10meterslongand6meterswide.Thereisapath1meterwidearoundthegarden.Calculatetheareaofthepath.[配图：一个长方形花园示意图，长10米，宽6米，花园周围有一条1米宽的小路]A.Theareaofthegardenis60squaremeters.Theareaofthegardenplusthepathis120squaremeters.So,theareaofthepathis60squaremeters.B.Theareaofthegardenis10×6=60squaremeters.Theareaofthegardenplusthepathis12×8=96squaremeters.So,theareaofthepathis96-60=36squaremeters.C.Theareaofthegardenis10×6=60squaremeters.Theareaofthepathis(10+2)×(6+2)-10×6=96-60=36squaremeters.D.Theareaofthegardenis10×6=60squaremeters.Theareaofthepathis10×6-(10-2)×(6-2)=60-32=28squaremeters.参考答案：36squaremeters5.Youareplanningatriptothebeach.Lookatthetablebelowwhichshowsthepricesofdifferentactivities.Writeashortparagraph(about80words)recommendingthreeactivitiesforyourfriendandcalculatingthetotalcost.Activities|Price(perperson)Swimming|5Buildingsandcastles|3Playingvolleyball|4A.Irecommendswimming,buildingsandcastles,andplayingvolleyball.Thetotalcostforthreepeoplewillbe5+3+4=12perperson.So,itwillbe36forthegroup.B.Isuggestswimming,buildingsandcastles,andplayingvolleyball.Thetotalcostforonepersonis5+3+4=12.Forthreepeople,itwillbe36.C.Forthebeachtrip,Irecommendswimming(5),buildingsandcastles(3),andplayingvolleyball(4).Thetotalcostforthreepeopleis12perperson,so36forthegroup.D.Wecandoswimming(5),buildingsandcastles(3),andplayingvolleyball(4).Thetotalcostforthreepeopleis12perperson,whichis36forthegroup.参考答案：ashortparagraphrecommendingthreeactivitiesandcalculatingthetotalcost6.Lookatthegraphbelowwhichshowsthetemperaturechangesinacityoveroneweek.Writeashortparagraph(about70words)describingthetemperaturechangesandthedayswiththehighestandlowesttemperatures.[配图：一个折线图，显示一周内某城市的温度变化，周一15°C，周二20°C，周三18°C，周四25°C，周五22°C，周六19°C，周日17°C]A.Thetemperatureinthecityincreasedfrom15°ConMondayto20°ConTuesday.Itdecreasedto18°ConWednesdayandthenincreasedto25°ConThursday.Itdroppedto22°ConFriday,19°ConSaturday,and17°ConSunday.Thehighesttemperaturewas25°ConThursday,andthelowestwas15°ConMonday.B.Thetemperaturechartshowsthatthetemperaturewas15°ConMonday,20°ConTuesday,18°ConWednesday,25°ConThursday,22°ConFriday,19°ConSaturday,and17°ConSunday.Thehighesttemperaturewas25°ConThursday,andthelowestwas15°ConMonday.C.Thetemperatureinthecitystartedat15°ConMondayandwentupto25°ConThursday.Itthendecreasedto17°ConSunday.Thehighesttemperaturewas25°ConThursday,andthelowestwas15°ConMonday.D.Thetemperaturechangesovertheweekwere:Monday(15°C),Tuesday(20°C),Wednesday(18°C),Thursday(25°C),Friday(22°C),Saturday(19°C),Sunday(17°C).Thehighesttemperaturewas25°ConThursday,andthelowestwas15°ConMonday.参考答案：ashortparagraphdescribingthetemperaturechangesandthedayswiththehighestandlowesttemperatures7.Yourschoolishavingacharitysale.Lookatthetablebelowwhichshowsthepricesofdifferentitems.Writeashortparagraph(about80words)recommendingthreeitemsforyourfriendtobuyandcalculatingthetotalcost.Items|Price(peritem)T-shirts|10Bottles|5Hats|8A.IrecommendbuyingthreeT-shirts,twobottles,andonehat.Thetotalcostwillbe10×3+5×2+8=30+10+8=48.B.IsuggestbuyingtwoT-shirts,threebottles,andtwohats.Thetotalcostis10×2+5×3+8×2=20+15+16=51.C.Forthecharitysale,IrecommendbuyingthreeT-shirts(10),twobottles(5),andonehat(8).Thetotalcostis48.D.WecanbuythreeT-shirts(10),twobottles(5),andonehat(8).Thetotalcostis48.参考答案：ashortparagraphrecommendingthreeitemsandcalculatingthetotalcost8.Lookatthediagramofatrianglebelow.TheanglesarelabeledA,B,andC.AngleAis50degrees.AngleBistwiceaslargeasangleC.CalculatethemeasuresofanglesBandC.[配图：一个三角形示意图，角A为50度，角B是角C的两倍]A.Thesumoftheanglesinatriangleis180degrees.So,50+B+C=180.SinceB=2C,wehave50+2C+C=180.3C=130,soC=43.33degrees.B=2C=86.67degrees.B.Thesumoftheanglesinatriangleis180degrees.So,50+B+C=180.SinceB=2C,wehave50+2C+C=180.3C=130,soC=43.33degrees.B=2C=86.67degrees.C.Thesumoftheanglesinatriangleis180degrees.So,50+B+C=180.SinceB=2C,wehave50+2C+C=180.3C=130,soC=43.33degrees.B=2C=86.67degrees.D.Thesumoftheanglesinatriangleis180degrees.So,50+B+C=180.SinceB=2C,wehave50+2C+C=180.3C=130,soC=43.33degrees.B=2C=86.67degrees.参考答案：a)86.67degrees,b)43.33degrees标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时的用法。在if条件状语从句中，当表示一般性事实或习惯时，谓语动词用一般现在时。主句表示将来的动作，用一般将来时。所以正确答案是A。2.参考答案：C解析：本题考查一般过去时的用法。根据句意，她昨天去了图书馆，所以用一般过去时。所以正确答案是C。3.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句型，表示“越……，越……”的意思。所以正确答案是B。4.参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般将来时的用法。根据if条件状语从句中的doesn’train，主句用一般将来时。所以正确答案是B。5.参考答案：B解析：本题考查表示转折关系的连词。根据句意，他不知道答案，所以用but表示转折。所以正确答案是B。6.参考答案：C解析：本题考查wish后的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用一般过去时。所以正确答案是C。7.参考答案：C解析：本题考查一般过去时的用法。根据句意，老师问我昨晚是否去了音乐会，所以用一般过去时。所以正确答案是C。8.参考答案：A解析：本题考查一般现在时的用法。在if条件状语从句中，当表示一般性事实或习惯时，谓语动词用一般现在时。所以正确答案是A。9.参考答案：C解析：本题考查一般过去时的用法。根据句意，她昨天去了图书馆，所以用一般过去时。所以正确答案是C。10.参考答案：B解析：本题考查一般将来时的用法。根据if条件状语从句中的rains，主句用一般将来时。所以正确答案是B。二、填空题1.参考答案：went解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据题干中的“lastnight”可知，该动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时态。went是go的过去式。2.参考答案：rains解析：本题考查一般现在时态。根据题干中的“tomorrow”可知，该动作发生在将来，但if条件状语从句中描述的是一般情况，因此使用一般现在时态。rains是rain的一般现在时形式。3.参考答案：hadbroken解析：本题考查过去完成时态。根据题干中的“yesterday”可知，该动作发生在过去，但“brokenhisleg”这个动作发生在“said”这个动作之前，因此使用过去完成时态。hadbroken是break的过去完成时形式。4.参考答案：hadfinished解析：本题考查过去完成时态。根据题干中的“finishedmyhomework”和“askedmeif”可知，homework的完成发生在“asked”这个动作之前，因此使用过去完成时态。hadfinished是finish的过去完成时形式。5.参考答案：study解析：本题考查一般现在时态。根据题干中的“youwillpasstheexam”可知，该动作发生在将来，但“studyharder”这个动作是一般情况，因此使用一般现在时态。study是study的一般现在时形式。6.参考答案：had解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的“Iwish”可知，该句表达的是与现在事实相反的愿望，因此使用虚拟语气。had是have的过去式，用于虚拟语气。7.参考答案：themoreyoupractice,thebetter解析：本题考查比较级用法。根据题干中的“ThemoreyoupracticeEnglish”和“youwillspeakitfluently”可知，该句表达的是两者之间的正比关系，因此使用“themore...,themore...”结构。thebetter是good的比较级形式。8.参考答案：willgo解析：本题考查一般将来时态。根据题干中的“ifitdoesn’traintomorrow”可知，该动作发生在将来，因此使用一般将来时态。willgo是go的一般将来时形式。9.参考答案：didn’t解析：本题考查一般过去时态。根据题干中的“didn’tknow”和“sohe_______toaskforhelp”可知，该动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时态。didn’t是do的否定形式。10.参考答案：go解析：本题考查一般现在时态。根据题干中的“pleasebringagift”可知，该动作是一般情况，因此使用一般现在时态。go是go的一般现在时形式。三、判断题1.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“if条件状语从句中的时态”。题干中的主句“wewillgotothepark”表示将来，从句“itrainstomorrow”应用一般现在时，而不是一般将来时。因此，原句时态错误，应改为“Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgotothepark”。2.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“一般过去时的用法”。题干中的“wenttotheconcertlastnight”符合一般过去时的构成，表示昨晚去了音乐会，时态和语态均正确。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“if条件状语从句中的时态”。题干中的主句“wewillhaveapicnic”表示将来，从句“itdoesn’traintomorrow”应用一般现在时，时态使用正确。4.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“一般过去时的用法”。题干中的“boughtanewbikeyesterday”符合一般过去时的构成，表示昨天买了新自行车，时态和语态均正确。因此，原句表述无误，但根据题目要求，应判为错误。5.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“if条件状语从句中的时态”。题干中的主句“wewouldgotothezoonextweek”表示将来，从句“wewouldgotothezoonextweek”应用一般现在时，而不是过去将来时。因此，原句时态错误，应改为“Theteacheraskedifwewouldgotothezoonextweek”。6.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“现在完成时的用法”。题干中的“havebeentotheGreatWall”符合现在完成时的构成，表示已经去过长城，时态和语态均正确。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“情态动词can的用法”。题干中的“canspeakFrenchverywell”表示能够流利地说法语，情态动词和时态均正确。8.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“wish后的虚拟语气”。题干中的“wishIhadacar”表示对现状的虚拟，应用过去式“had”，而不是一般现在时。因此，原句时态错误，应改为“IwishIhadacar”。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“一般现在时的用法”。题干中的“theearthisround”符合一般现在时的构成，表示地球是圆的，时态和语态均正确。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“形容词作定语”。题干中的“keepagoodhabit”表示保持好习惯，形容词使用正确。四、简答题1.参考答案：Asimplesentenceconsistsofasubjectandapredicate.解析：本题考查〈简单句的基本结构〉。简单句是英语中最基本的句子类型，它由主语和谓语构成。主语通常是句子的执行者或被描述的对象，谓语则说明主语的动作或状态。例如，在句子"Thecatsleeps"中，"Thecat"是主语，"sleeps"是谓语。2.参考答案：Thepresentcontinuoustenseisformedwith"be"+presentparticiple.Itisusedtodescribeactionshappeningatthemomentofspeakingoractionsinprogressoveraperiodoftime.解析：本题考查〈现在进行时的构成与用法〉。现在进行时由"be"动词的现在式加上动词的现在分词构成。它通常用来描述说话时正在发生的动作，或者一段时间内正在进行的动作。例如，在句子"Iamreadingabook"中，"amreading"表示正在阅读的动作。3.参考答案：Themodalverb"can"isusedtoexpressability,possibility,orpermission.解析：本题考查〈情态动词"can"的功能〉。"can"是一种情态动词，主要用于表示能力（如"Icanswim"）、可能性（如"Itcanraintomorrow"）或允许（如"Youcangonow"）。4.参考答案："Thereis"isusedforsingularnouns,while"thereare"isusedforpluralnouns.解析：本题考查〈"Thereis"和"thereare"的区别〉。"Thereis"用于单数名词，表示某物存在；"thereare"用于复数名词，表示某些物存在。例如，"Thereisabookonthetable"和"Therearebooksonthetable"。5.参考答案：Thepastsimpletenseofregularverbsisformedbyadding"-ed"tothebaseformoftheverb.解析：本题考查〈规则动词过去式的构成〉。规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加"-ed"。例如，"walk"的过去式是"walked"，"play"的过去式是"played"。6.参考答案：Theindefinitearticles"a"and"an"areusedbeforesingularcountablenounsthataregeneralornotspecific.解析：本题考查〈不定冠词"a"和"an"的用法〉。"a"用于辅音发音开