2025~2026学年北京市东城区高一第二学期期末英语试卷

2025~2026学年北京市东城区高一第二学期期末英语试卷一、完形填空EveryafternoonBrinleysetsa3:05p.m.alarmonherphonetomakesureshedoesn’tmissherfriends.Around3:15,she1looksoutofherhospitalroomwindow.Acrossthestreetinanotherbuilding,acrewofconstructionworkerswaveather,formingheartshapeswiththeirhands.Brinleysmilesandsendsheartsback.Thedaily2lastsonlyafewminutes,butithasbecomethe3partofherday.Diagnosedwithheartfailure,9-year-oldlittleBrinleyhasstayedinhospitalforthreemonths,waitingforahearttransplant.She’slargelyconfinedtoherroomformedicalreasons,andthedaysstuckindoorsarelonganddull.Brinley’sparentsentertainherasbesttheycan.Oneday,Brinley’sfatherwasusingtheflashlightonhisphonetoplaywithher.Inthebuildingacrossfromthem,Nail,ayoungconstructor,4aflashthroughthewindow.Helookedcloserandsawwhatappearedtobeatinypatient.Heshinedalightback.Realizinghewasfacingachildren’shospital,Nailquicklymadeasimple5thatread:“GetWellSoon,”withaheartdrawnunderneath.BackinBrinley’sroom,hermotherwasamazed.Immediately,thefamily6withtheirownmessage:“THANKU,WAITINGFORA.”“Thatstarteditall,”Nailsaid.AfterlearningaboutBrinley’sstory,manyworkers7aGoFundMefundraisertohelpherfamily.OneofNail’sco-workersgaveBrinleyanLEDheartlighttoputonherwindow.Theyagreedthatwheneverthelightison,it8totheworkersthatBrinleyisdoingokay.“It’scooltoseethatsuchasmallthingcould9alotofpeople,”Nailsaid,“Tohaveasmallpartinherjourneyisreally10formyselfandothers.Justasimplewaveorheartsignalmeanstheworld.”1.A．suddenlyB．helplesslyC．brieflyD．eagerly2.A．planB．specialC．exchangeD．reminder3.A．funniestB．brightestC．longestD．fanciest4.A．caughtB．usedC．ignoredD．sought5.A．tipB．blogC．choiceD．sign6.A．connectedB．agreedC．respondedD．settled7.A．checkedinB．carriedthroughC．signedupD．contributedto8.A．signalsB．relatesC．refersD．leads9.A．suitB．impactC．meetD．feature10.A．strikingB．responsibleC．upliftingD．grateful二、语法填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WorldAutismAwarenessDayisheldonApril2everyyear.CreatedbytheUnitedNations,thisday11(help)peoplelearnmoreaboutautismandunderstandautisticpeoplebetter.Autismisnotadiseasetobefeared,butadifferentwayofthinking,learning,andcommunicating.Ontheday,activitiesheldinschoolsandcommunitiesencouragepeople12(show)respect,kindness,andsupport.Themessage13(share)issimple:everyoneisdifferent,andeverypersondeservestobeunderstood,accepted,andcaredfor.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ArtemisIhasbeenseen14animportantfirststepinNASA’sreturntotheMoon.15(launch)in2022,theuncrewedOrionspacecraftflewaroundtheMoonandreturnedsafelytoEarth.Duringthe25-dayjourney,engineers16(work)onthemissiontestedkeysystemsthatwouldsupportfutureastronauts.Sincethemissionended,muchdata17(collect)andusedtoimprovelaterspacemissions.ArtemisIshowsthatspaceexplorationisnotonlyaboutreachingdistantplaces,butalsoaboutcarefulplanning,scientifictesting,andhumancuriosity.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LinQiaozhiwasoneofChina’smostrespecteddoctors.ShewasaleadingexpertinOB-GYN,18isthefieldofmedicinethatfocusesonthehealthofwomenandbabies.WorkingatPekingUnionMedicalCollegeHospitalformanyyears,shehelpedthousandsofbabiescomeintotheworld.Shealsounderstood19itmeanttoholdanewlifeinherhands.Shecareddeeplyaboutthewomenwhoneededherhelpandtreatedeverypatientwith20(responsible).LinQiaozhidevotedherlifetomedicine,andherstorystillinspiresmanypeopletoday.三、阅读理解

DiscoveryToursTourA:Peru23July2026—11daysSoldout.StepintotheheartoftheIncacivilizationasyouexploreMachuPicchu,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,anddiscoverhowthestoryoftheIncasgoesfarbeyondthislegendarysitealone.DiscoverIncasociety,scienceandhistorywithlocalguidesandhistorians.TakeaguidedwalkingtourofCusco,thehistoriccapitaloftheIncacivilization,wherethecity’sdesignandarchitecturespeaktocenturiesofculturalandpoliticalchange.TourB:Uzbekistan11September2026—14daysfor£3,795perpersonOneplaceremaining.TakeafascinatingjourneyacrossUzbekistan,exploringitsastronomicalcontributionsandrichscientifichistory.ExploretheSilkRoadcitiesofSamarkand,BukharaandKhiva,discovertheirlinkstoastronomy,andlearnhowearlycivilizationscontributedtothedevelopmentofmodernscience.SpendanightattheLakeDarkSkyReserve,wherescientistswillguideyourobservationofthenightsky,whileenjoyinglocalfoodandtraditionalmusicthatreflectthecountry’sheritage.TourC:England16September2026—7daysfor£2,349perpersonFollowinthefootstepsofoneofhistory’sgreatestempiresonthisengagingwalkingtouralongHadrian’sWall,whichoncemarkedthenorthernmostfrontierofRomanpowerandtodaystandsasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.ThiswalkingtouroffersadeepdiveintoRomanlifeinBritain,whereyouwilltakeguidedtoursledbyateamofexperts.TourD:CostaRica3November2026—13daysfor£5,795perpersonBeginanextraordinaryjourneywhereyouwillexperienceCostaRica’sbiodiversityfirsthand.Thistripwilltakeyoudeepintotherichvarietyoflifeinnationalparks.Ateverystop,fieldscientistsandnaturalistswillbebyyourside,helpingyouidentifyspeciesandunderstandthenaturalworldthroughhands-onexperience.21.Thosewhowanttoexploreanancientempirecansignupforthetripto________.

A．PeruB．UzbekistanC．EnglandD．CostaRica22.WhatisthefocusoftheUzbekistantour?

A．Scientificdiscoveries.B．Silkroadcitywalks.C．Naturalbiodiversity.D．Astronomicalheritagesites.23.Whatdoallfourtripsfeature?

A．Naturereservevisits.B．Expert-ledexplorations.C．Hands-onexperiences.D．UNESCOWorldHeritageSites.Startinglatelastyear,allchildrenunder16inAustraliahavebeenbanned(禁止)fromhavingaccountsonsocial-mediasites.Becausenocountryhasattemptedsuchabanbefore,knowingtheeffectsinadvanceisimpossible—andtheymaybehardtoevaluateevenyearsafterthebantakeseffect.Thatsaid,thelongexperienceofgovernmentstryingtolimityoungpeople’saccesstoage-restricted(受年龄限制的)productslikealcoholgivesreasonstocarefuloptimism.Thebanmightdeliversometrulyvaluablebenefits,lettingyouthfulmisstepsremainlocalandshort-lived,ratherthanleavinglastingmarksondevelopingminds,andgivingyoungpeoplemoretimetodeveloptheirpeopleskillsinreallifeandconnectionsthatmakelifemeaningful.Beforewediveintodetails,wemustaddressacommonviewofsocial-mediabans.Nomatterhowcleverlydesignedabanis,somekidswillfigureoutwaysaroundit,andthusthebanservesnopurpose.Bythatlogic,countriesshouldabandonbansonrobberyandtheft,noneofwhichiseverperfect.Butthecorelessonfromotherbansisthatmostofthemproducetheintendedeffects,reducingtheactivitytheyseektostem.Themostrevealingexampleisthewidespreadagerestrictionsforthepurchaseofalcohol.Yes,someyoungpeoplehavealwaysfoundwaystogetaroundthesebans.However,researchersfoundthatintheU.S.,raisingthelegaldrinkingagefrom18to21reducedalcoholconsumptionandtrafficcrashesamongthatgroup.Theteenageyearsareatimeofhighneuroplasticity(神经可塑性)inwhichmanylifelonghabits,goodandbad,areformed.Thisiswhysocial-mediacompaniesseeAustralia’sbanasalong-termeconomicthreat.Peoplearegenerallyfarlesslikelytobecomeaddictedtosomethingiftheyareintroducedtoitaftertheirbrainisfullydeveloped(ataboutage25).Positiveoutcomesfromraisingtheminimumlegalageforaddictivesubstances(物质)donotguaranteethatthisbanwillsucceed.Consumingalcoholrequirestheobtainingofaphysicalobject.Thiscreatesregulatorycheckpoint.Parents,teachers,andotheradultswhoworkwithyoungpeoplemayhaveaneasiertimedetectingthesesubstances(noticingthatsomeoneisdrunk)thandetectingwhethersomeoneisillegallyusingsocialmedia.Policiesarerarelypurelygood,andthebanislikelytoresultintrade-offs.Regardlessoftheresult,Australiawillhavedoneothercountriesaservicebybeingthefirstmoverastheworldapproacheshowtolivewithsuchpowerfulnewtechnologies.24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaybetheresultoftheban?

A．Itmayinfluenceteens’socialskills.B．Itmaybeineffectiveandshort-lived.C．Itmaybelargelyignoredbyteenagers.D．Itmaypromotephysicalactivitiesinyouth.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stem”inParagraph3probablymean?

A．Bringon.B．Takeover.C．Figureout.D．Holdback.26.Whatwillprobablyreducetheeffectivenessoftheban?

A．Thestrongobjectionfromsocial-mediacompanies.B．Weakenedrestrictionsonaddictivesubstances.C．Thedifficultyinmonitoringsocialmediause.D．Thefeaturesoftheteenagebrain.27.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheban?

A．Fairlyconcerned.B．Basicallyneutral.C．Deeplyuncertain.D．Generallysupportive.Onasoccerfield,ateamisrunningitspractices.Theteammanagerwouldyellinstructionsathisplayers,buthisteamconsistsoffiverobots.Molengraft,chairofroboticsatEindhovenUniversity,hopestousehisplayerstosolveapressingdilemma:howtogettheincreasingnumbersofrobotstoconsumelessenergy.Dealingwithpower-thirstyrobotsisdifficultandinescapable.Robotshaveadvancedsofarthattheirpromiseofeasinghumanlaborisinthehereandnow.Buttheirenergycostsaremountingrapidly,andit’sallbecauseofdata.RobotsandAImodelsshareonecharacteristic:whethertomovearoundorsolveproblems,theyfunctionbyconstantlytakinginandcomputingincreasinglyvastquantitiesofdata.Processingallthatdatadrivesuptheirenergyconsumptionsomuchthattheirplanet-warmingpollutioncouldoutweighanybenefitstheyoffer.Iftheworldneedstoreachnetzerogreenhousegasemission(排放)by2050,thecarbonfootprintofdatamusthalveinthenextfiveyears.Onesolution,Molengraftthinks,mightliein“lazyrobotics,”atermtodescribemachinesdoinglessandtakingshortcuts.Still,Molengraftsaid,“thetruthis:robotsaredoingalotofthingsthattheyshouldn’tbedoing.”Theyneedtofocusonlyonwhat’simportantatanyparticularmoment,which,afterall,iswhathumansdo,evenifwedon’talwaysrealizeit.Atthemoment,Molengraft’srobotplayersruntheirvarioussystems—thecollectingoffeedsfromsensorsandcameras,thecomputations,themovements,thecommunications—dozensoftimesasecond.Bycombingallofthesesignals,eachofhisplayersmakesanassumptionofwhereitisonthefield,teststhatassumptionwiththedetailsitgathers,updatesitsdatabaseandexchangesinformationwitheveryotherrobotonthefield.“Ifarobotdoesnotlookaroundforasecond,itsworldwillhavecompletelychanged,”hesaid.Buthumansmakedecisionsdifferently,eveninsituationsofhighuncertainty.Molengraftofferedtheexampleofadriveronadark,rainynight.Insteadofanalyzingeverydetailoftheenvironment,thedriverfocusesontheroadjustaheadandmakesquickjudgmentstodrivesafely.Laziness,inthiscase,isefficiency.It’swisertobuildrobotsthatcontainonlythenecessaryinformation.However,progressisslow.Arobotisacomplexsystem,andchanginganelementinoneunitmayhaveanunforeseeneffectinanother.ButMolengraftseesthisworkassignificantiftheforthcomingageofmachinesistobeacleanertime.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Robotsabsorbandprocessdatatooperate.B．Robotswillhalvetheirdataconsumptionby2050.C．Robotshavebeenadvancingatanunexpectedspeed.D．Robotsofferenoughbenefitstobalanceouttheirweaknesses.29.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeunderlinedsentence?

A．Theimportanceofexchanginginformation.B．Theprocessofobservingthesurroundings.C．Thecauseofrobots’inabilitytobelazy.D．Thewayrobotstestassumptions.30.WhyisahumandrivermentionedinParagraph6?

A．Tochallengeabelief.B．Toillustrateapoint.C．Tohighlightaproblem.D．Toanalyzeanevent.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．WhytheworldneedslazierrobotsB．HowlazierrobotsreduceenergycostsC．WhatdefinesthefutureofroboticsindustryD．WhetherrobotsaremoreefficientthanhumansIt’snowonderourattentionspansareshortening.Whenwe’reengagedwiththeworldinfrontofus,pingsanddingsdistract(使分心)us.Inourfreemoments,weusescreenstooutrunmomentsofboredom,anxietyandloneliness.Thesedigitaldistractionshavemadeithardtostayfocused.32Andjustasshortvideosandendlessscrollingcanconditionyourbraintolookfornewthings,youcanalsobuildroutinestoreclaimyourfocus.Andherearesometipstohelpyoustayfocusedlonger.Onesimplewayistodoanattentionchecknexttimeyoustartatask.Trackeverytimeyourattentionslips(下降).Also,trycheckinginwithyourselfeveryhourandreflectingonhowwellyouhavebeenfocusing.33Andifthatfeelsmanageable,repeatitforafewmoredays.Bytheend,you’lllearnhowoftenyoutendtolosefocus,whatusuallycausesitandwhenyourfocusisthestrongest.Also,considerremovingfacialrecognitionfromyourphoneandkeepingitinyouroppositepocket.Theinconvenienceoftypinginapasswordorreachingaroundyourbodycandiscouragemindlessuse.Withsocialmedia,similarlyconsiderloggingoutaftereachuseandturningoffsavedpasswords.34Afteraweekortwoofthesechanges,runtheattentioncheckagaintoseewhathaschanged.Ifyou’restilldistracted,takemoreintentionalaction.35Forexample,youcantryascreen-freemeal.Eatwithoutwatchingvideos,andletitbejustthefoodandyourthoughts.Also,addanaturereset.Spendtimeatalocalparkorquiettree-linedstreet.Astudyfoundthata50-minutenaturewalkhelpedstudentsincreaseattentionbynearly20%.Whilerestingyourbraincanhelpyourfocusrecover,attentiontrainingcanstrengthenyourabilitytostayfocused.Picksomethingtofocuson,likeyourbreathorcoffee.36Notethatevenafewminutesofattentiontrainingfeelsdifficultatfirst,sostartsmallandslowlypushyourself.

A．Butattentionisalearnedhabit.B．Youmightwanttogiveyourbrainarealbreak.C．Tryusingasimplephoneorquittingsocialmedia.D．Seeifyoucankeepthischeckgoingforafullday.E．Usingmentalwellnessappscanalsosupportyourpractice.F．Thenuseattentionrecordstoscheduledemandingworkwhenmostfocused.G．Thatway,comingbacktakesjustenoughefforttofeellikeachoiceratherthanahabit.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。AloudbangingnoisesuddenlyrangoutinthelabIhadrecentlyjoinedasaPh.D.student,andIrealizedIwastoblame.Worsestill,Icouldn’tswitchthemachineoff,soIstoodthere,frozen.Ihadalwaysbeenatopstudent.Iexpectedexcellencefrommyself,soanymistake,inmyview,wasasignthatImightnotbesuitedforthistypeofwork.Butasthemonthswenton,themistakescontinuedtopileup.MyfirstattemptatDNAextractionfailed,andIfearedImightnevergetitright.Thatfeardeepenedwhenacouplemoreattemptsfailed,too.Ibegantopullback,unwillingtogiveothersanymoreevidenceofmyinability.Then,onenightIreadanarticle.ItmademerealizesomethingIneverhadbefore:IneededtotreatmyselfwiththesamekindnessIwouldofferadearfriend.Ifafriendhadmadeamistake,