第二讲　利用词汇线索选句

第二讲利用词汇线索选句细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有词汇复现法和代词指代法等。典例剖析◎(2024·全国甲卷)Whatismoderation(适度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.__36__Butitdoesn'tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.A．Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B．Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C．Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D．Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E．Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F．Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G．Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.[1]圈定空前后的关键词：主题词为“moderation”，空前句围绕“适度饮食的定义”展开，空后句以“But”开头，强调“这并不意味着告别爱吃的食物”，存在转折逻辑。[2]寻找选项与空前后内容的词汇联系：F项中的“moderation”与空前的主题词原词复现，“eatinglessthanwedonow”是对“不过饱”的延伸，且与空后“不告别爱吃的食物”可形成转折铺垫。[3]锁定答案：F项既呼应“适度”主题，又以“吃得更少”承接前文、铺垫后文转折，衔接逻辑紧密。[4]将答案代入原文验证：代入后上下文语义连贯，既解释“适度”，又衔接转折关系，逻辑通顺。故选F。解题策略◎技法1词汇复现法段落或文章中常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。考生在做题时，应注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。1．原词复现法一个单词在一个语意场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化。典例1(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)It'ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.__40__We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis，nomatterhowsmallitmightseem，writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake，rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.[解题思路]根据空前可知，作者认为大多数人是从错误中学习的。根据空后可知我们都在改变并一直在学习。选项G符合语境，选项中的“mistake”与空前的“theirmistakes”和空后的“mistakes”属于原词复现。[自主解答][解题策略]2.派生复现法典例2(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选)Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished，it'svitaltosubmitaperfect，professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).__36__Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.A．Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse，adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.[解题思路]空白处前一句提到提交完美、专业呈现的原稿对于出版的重要性，后一句讲的是“编辑不太可能容忍不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。F项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是良好的语法和没有拼写错误。同时，寻找选项与空前后内容的词汇联系：分析选项可知，E、F两项里面的spelling与空前的speller是同根词复现，都是由空后的spell派生出来的。[自主解答][解题策略]3.同义复现法指上下文中意义相同的词、词组或同义句子。典例3(2025·全国二卷)•Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.38．Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.•__39__Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren'tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen'swell-beingintheyearstocome.A．Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn'tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.[解题思路]本题考查段落标题句。本段第一句提到了“majorpositiveeffects”并举例说明；第二句提到了“toaffectateen'swell-being”，均围绕“积极的影响”阐述。C项中的effect与段中的effects和affect吻合，teenagers与段中的teenage和teen为同义复现。该段落讨论的是青少年时期做志愿者带来的长期积极影响。[自主解答][解题策略]4.反义复现法指上下文中意义相反的词、词组或反义句子。典例4(2025·浙江卷1月)Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.__36__There'snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn'tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.A．Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.[解题思路]上文“Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项中“simple”与上文“toomuch”形成对比，反义复现。因此，选项C承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单。[自主解答][解题策略]5.词汇同现典例5(2025·全国二卷)•You'llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.Peopleoftenfeeltheyaretoobusytovolunteer.Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.__37__A．Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn'tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.[解题思路]根据词汇同现解题。小标题你将会感觉有了更多的时间(moretime)，空格上一句提到为社区事业投入时间实际上会让你感觉自己有更多的时间(it,代指时间)。本段阐述的内容与“时间”有关，G项中的eachday符合语境。[自主解答][解题策略]技法2代词指代法为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。代词指代一定要注意两种情况：1.选项中的代词要特别关注；2.空后的句子中的代词要特别关注。典例1(2024·浙江卷1月)Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.__38__“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule，”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou'reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.A．Butthatdoesn'tmeantherearen'tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.[解题思路]根据上文中的“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.”可知，在线学习的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，空处应是与“学习时间或地点”有关的话题，A项与上文构成转折关系，其中的that指代上文提到的“studyanywhereandanytime”。[自主解答]典例2(2025·浙江卷1月)•Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.__37__Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.A．Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou'regoingtosay.[解题思路]空后讲“这将激发他们理解信息并与之互动的想法”，这是对空处做法效果的描述，故空处应该描述某一具体的做法。结合空前一句“当你根据听众的兴趣去输出你的信息时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入”可知，该做法应是讲让你的听众感兴趣的话。空后代词This就是指代空格处如何激发听众的互动意愿。[自主解答][解题策略]练重点练难点创新应用体验A(2025·山东青岛一模)Wearesopassionateaboutwhatwedo.Wegettotravelthisamazingworld,makegreatfriendships,makepositivechangeswithinlocalcommunitiesandhelpconserveanimals.__1__.Itisnotanine-to-fivejobforus.Youwillfindusavailabletoansweryourquestionsoutsideofthe“normal”hours,bethat6：30onaMondaymorningor20：00onaSundayevening.Wealsomakeiteasy.Youcancontactusthroughonlinechat,byemail,text,socialmediaortelephone.__2__，allowingthisonceinalifetimeopportunitytoalltravelers.Overthepastcoupleofyears,wehavehostedmanyvolunteersandmadesuchabigimpactaroundtheworld.Here'sthethingsyoushouldknowaboutus：__3__Notonlydoourvolunteerprogramsdirectlyhelpwithinthelocalcommunity,butweensurethatalltasksaidthelocaleconomy,respectallculturesandsupportthedevelopmentofthelocalinfrastructure(基础设施),whichiscrucialtothelong-termfutureofthecity.WewantyoutohaveagreattimeWemakesureyouandothervolunteershavethebesttimeofyourlives.ThefastestandmostefficientwayforustogrowandspreadourprogramsisbyYOU.__4__.That'swhywearesoproudofour5outof5starrating.So,dosomethingdifferentandspecialwhenyounextgoabroad.__5__.WhetheryouwanttohelpprotecttheelephantsinSriLanka,helpthedisabledinNepalorteachchildreninCambodia,theMightyRoarcanmakeithappen.A．ReviewsarekeytooursuccessB．WearecommittedtoconservationC．WehavetheperfectexperiencewaitingforyouD．AllofourcommunityprogramsaresustainableE．That'sthereasonwhywestartedtheMightyRoarF．RemembertosharethoseexperienceswithyourfriendsG．WeaimtomakeourvolunteeringprogramsasaccessibleaspossibleB(2025·湖北模拟)Asanenthusiasticreader，I'vealwaysbelievedthatthekeytounderstandingtheworldliesinthepagesofabook.__1__Theyintroduceustocharacterswhofeelasrealasthepeoplearoundus.Thisconnectionbetweenreadersandthetextiswhatmakesliteraturesopowerful,andit'swhyIvaluemypersonallibrary.It'sacollectionthatreflectsmyjourneythroughtheworldofwords.Mylibraryisnotvast,buteachbookiscarefullychosen.Ihaveamixoftypesinmycollection,rangingfromclassicliteraturetocontemporaryfiction.__2__Eachtypeoffersadifferentperspective,anewwayoflookingatlife.Whilesomebookschallengemythinking,othersprovidecomfort.It'simportanttohaveabalance.Awell-organizedlibraryislikeawell-balanceddietforthemind.AmongmyfavouritesaretheworksofJaneAustenandGeorgeOrwell.Austen'ssharpobservationsonsocietyandrelationshipsaretimeless.Hercharactersareimperfectyetcharming.Orwell,ontheotherhand,offersastark(冷峻的)viewoftheworld.__3__Bothauthors,thoughdifferentinstyle,havetaughtmeinvaluablelessonsabouthumanity.__4__Biographies(传记)andlifestoriesofferinsightsintothelivesofextraordinaryindividuals.Theyremindusthatgreatnesscomesinmanyforms.Readingaboutthestrugglesandsuccessesofotherscanbeincrediblyinspiring.It'sareminderthatweallhavethepotentialtomakeadifference.ThesestoriesencouragemetoreflectonmyownlifeandwhatIwishtoleavebehind.MylibraryisareflectionofwhoIam.It'sasignofmyloveoflearningandmydesiretounderstandtheworld.Eachbookisasteppingstoneonmyjourneyofdiscovery.Theyarecompanionsinlonelinessandguidesintimesofuncertainty.__5__A．Ialsoenjoynon-fiction.B．Ibelieveinthepowerofvariety.C．Mylibrarygoesbeyondacollectionofbooks.D．Hisstoriesareawarningandacalltoaction.E．Throughthem,Icontinuetoexplore,togrow,andtodream.F．Thestorieswereadshapeourworldviewandbroadenourminds.G．Historicalfiction,inparticular,holdsaspecialplaceinmyheart.第二讲利用词汇线索选句技法1典例1G典例2F典例3C典例4C典例5G技法2典例1A典例2D练重点练难点·创新应用体验A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为“MightyRoar”的组织的相关信息，包括创办原因、沟通方式、志愿者项目的特点、期望志愿者获得美好体验以及能提供的不同志愿机会等内容。1．E根据上文“Wearesopassionateaboutwhatwedo.Wegettotravelthisamazingworld,makegreatfriendships,makepositivechangeswithinlocalcommunitiesandhelpconserveanimals.”可知，上文提到我们热衷于所做的事，能旅行、交友、在当地社区做积极改变以及保护动物。选项E能够很好地承接上文，解释了做这些事情与创办组织之间的关系。故选E。2．G根据上文“Youcancontactusthroughonlinechat,byemail,text,socialmediaortelephone.”可知，上文提到了联系的各种方式；而下文“allowingthisonceinalifetimeopportunitytoalltravelers”则指出空处让旅行者都有机会获得这个千载难逢的机会。选项G既解释了多种联系方式的目的，又能与后文让旅行者有机会相衔接。故选G。3．D空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。本段主