第四讲　词句猜测题-抓住“暗示”破题

第四讲词句猜测题——抓住“暗示”破题高考阅读理解常考猜测词句题，针对语篇关键单词、短语或句子设问，要求考生推测含义。此类词句与上下文逻辑紧密，文中常隐含定义解释、提示词、句子结构等线索，考生需捕捉线索并结合上下文推断。题型可分为词义猜测题、代词指代题、句意猜测题。题型一单词猜测题——“语境线索”猜含义单词猜测题主要考查对生词、短语或熟词僻义的理解，解题核心是依托上下文语境中的线索推断含义，常见技法如下：技法1利用上下文线索猜测词义利用上下文语境猜测词义是解决词义猜测题最常用的方法，考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义。经典感悟[典例1](2025·全国一卷阅读B)Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inParagraph3mean?A．Mixed.B．Amazing.C．Similar.D．Disturbing.答题微点[解题思路]根据画线词下文“学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心。”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。故推测staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”。[自主解答]答题方略技法2根据上下文逻辑猜测词义阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义、解释和因果等。经典感悟[典例2](2024·全国甲卷阅读B)Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstake_this_behavior_up_a_notch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!26．Whichbestexplainsthephrase“take...upanotch”inParagraph3?A．Performappropriately.B．Movefaster.C．Actstrangely.D．Dobetter.答题微点[解题思路]利用转折关系猜测词义。根据转折连词“but”可知前后半句形成转折关系。画线处前半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯闻名，该段倒数第二句表明猫会用带来捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合上下文语境和前后文之间的转折关系，可推测画线处表明猫的取物能力更强，故D项符合文意。[自主解答]答题方略技法3利用语法关系猜词义做阅读理解题目时，利用语法关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法。答题时要关注下定义、解释、举例、定语从句、同位语(从句)等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。经典感悟[典例3](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities，anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast，andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson，extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet，oneofthefirsttoembark_ontheproject，said：“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninParagraph7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.答题微点[解题思路]“oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject”是主语WendyWilson的同位语，根据embarkon前面的“oneofthefirst”及其后面的“Residentsreallywelcometheideaof...topeoplehere.”可知，此处指WendyWilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一。[自主解答]答题方略技法4根据构词法猜测词义很多情况下，我们在阅读理解中遇到的生词是派生词或合成词。根据这些词的前缀、后缀、词根或所构成合成词的意思，熟练运用构词法来判断生词的含义是一种十分快速且有效的阅读技巧。经典感悟[典例4](2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C)Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inParagraph3mean?A．Clear-up.B．Add-on.C．Check-in.D．Take-over.答题微点[解题思路]观察单词declutter含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为“awayfrom”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境，根据画线词后面的“stepawayfrom”可推测出词义，画线词表示“清除，清理”。构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。[自主解答]答题方略题型二代词猜测题——“就近原则”找指代设题特点设问方式代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto？2.Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inparagraph...refersto________．经典感悟[典例5](2025·全国二卷阅读B)Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo'sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon'tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids，”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon'tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph4?A．Offeringregularlessons.B．Payingextraattention.C．Assigningnoschoolwork.D．Showingnosympathy.答题微点[解题思路]根据画线词后一句“Theythinktheirteachersdon'tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”可知，孩子们会以为老师不关心他们的学业。再结合“Someteachersdon'tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.‘Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids，’Hosays.”可知，Ho认为老师不给学生布置作业的做法对他们有损害。因此，根据上下文语境可知，“it”指代上文“Someteachersdon'tgivethekidsanyassignments”这一行为。[自主解答]答题方略题型三句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意设题特点设问方式句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。1.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...mean？2.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...？经典感悟[典例6](2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B节选)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.Thishit_home_for_measIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninParagraph2?A．Providedshelterforme.B．Becameverycleartome.C．Tookthepressureoffme.D．Workedquitewellonme.答题微点[解题思路]句意猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。[自主解答]答题方略练重点练难点创新应用体验A(2025·南昌高三下学期信息卷)Imadeawrongdecisionbecauseofmystrongdesiretogetattention.Ashumans,ourlongingforrecognitioncansometimesleaduslost,forcingustomakeregrettabledecisions.MynameisVimukthiandat15yearsold,Ishoneacademicallyyetlongedforpopularityamongmyclassmates.Despitemyachievements,Ifeltovershadowedandunnoticed.Thedesiretostandoutconsumedme,pushingmetowardsaseveremistake.Oneday,duringavisittotheITlabwithmyfriends,ourteachermentionedmissingcomputerparts.Curiousglancesexchanged,everyonewonderedaloudhowitcouldhappeninalockedlab.“It'spossibletoopenthatlockwithanotherkey，”Isaidcarefully,seekingattentionfrommyclassmates.Instantly,eyesturnedtomewithnewfoundinterestandcuriosity.ItwasarushIhadneverexperiencedbefore—atasteoftheattentionIdesiredsodesperately.Inmyeagernesstomaintaintheirfascination,Idemonstratedhowtoopenthelock,takinggreatpleasureinthespotlight.Thefollowingday,summoned(传唤)totheprincipal'soffice,Ifoundmyselfaccusedofstealingthemissingparts.ShockanddisbeliefseizedmeasIfacedanaccusationIneveranticipated.“Ididn'tdoit,sir，”Ibegged,butsuspicioncloudedtheprincipal'seyes.Hisrepeatedquestioningintensified,pushingmetothebrink(边缘)oftearsandfear.Inadesperateattempttoendthesuffering,Ifalselyadmitted,hopingtoescapethemountingpressure.Admittingguiltonlytemporarilyalleviatedtheprincipal'sanger.Hesummonedmyfather,andmyfatherlistenedattentively,andthenspokewithquietauthority:“Itrustmyson.Heisnotathief.”Beforemeetingtheprincipal,myfathergentlyaskedifIunderstoodthegravityofmyactions.Tearfully,Iacknowledgedmymisguidedsearchforattention.“Son,attentioncannotbeforced，”myfatherremindedme.“Truerecognitioncomesfromhonorablebehavior,notacheat.Neveragaincompromiseyourintegrityforattention,andneveradmittosomethingyoudidn'tdo.”Hiswordsresonateddeeply,shapingmyunderstandingofintegrityandtruth.1．WhydidVimukthirefertoanotherkey?A．Hewantedtoshowoffachievements.B．Hewasenviousofothers'popularity.C．Hewasforcedbyhispeers.D．Hehadanurgetoberecognized.2．HowdidVimukthiprobablyfeelafteradmittingguilt?A．Confused.B．Proud.C．Relieved.D．Angry.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviated”inParagraph5mean?A．Hid.B．Eased.C．Caused.D．Fueled.4．Whatmessagedoestheauthor'sfatherseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A．Faithfromparentsisimportant.B．Seekingattentionisrewarding.C．Honestyisequaledbyattention.D．Truerespectcomesfromvirtuousconduct.

B(2025·皖北协作区联考)Accordingtoanewstudy,climatechangewillchangeandreducethelandsuitableforgrowingfoodandwood,puttingtheproductionofthesetwoimportantresourcesintodirectcompetition.Thesightofvineyards(葡萄园)inBritainisbecomingmorecommonashottersummerscreateincreasinglysuitableconditionsforgrowinggrapes.Butbehindthissuccessstoryisanacuteone:Climatechangeismovingtheregionsoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcrops.ResearchersattheUniversityofCambridgehaveuncoveredalooming(迫在眉睫的)issue:Asthelandsuitableforproducingourfoodmovesnorthwards,itwillputpressureonthelandweneedtogrowtrees.Thewoodthesetreesproduceisthebasisofmuchofmodernlife—frompaperandcardboardtofurnitureandbuildings.Theysaythattheincreasingcompetitionbetweenlandforwoodproductionandfoodproductionduetoclimatechangehas,untilnow,beenignored,butissettobeanemergingissueasourdemandforbothcontinuestoincrease.Undertheworst-casescenario(可能的情况)forclimatechange,wherenoactionistakentoreducecarbonemissionsinsociety,thestudyfoundthatoveraquarterofexistingforestrylandwillbecomemoresuitableforfarmingbytheendofthecentury.“There'sonlyalimitedareaofsuitablelandontheplanetwherewecanproducefoodandwood—twocriticalresourcesforsociety.Asclimatechangeworsensandfarmingisforcedtoexpandnorthwards,there'sgoingtobeincreasingpressureonwoodproduction，”saidaresearcherintheUniversityofCambridge'sDepartmentofPlantSciences.“We'vegottobe-thinkingfiftyyearsaheadbecauseifwewantwoodinthefuture,weneedtobeplantingitnow.Thetreesthatwillbecutdownbytheendofthiscenturyarealreadyintheground—they'reonmuchslowercyclesthanfoodcrops，”theresearcheradded.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“acute”inParagraph2mean?A．Serious.B．Sweet.C．Slight.D．Graceful.6．Whatisanewissuearisingfromclimatechange?A．Theoverproductionofwood.B．Lossofbiodiversityandhabitats.C．Adecreaseinglobalfooddemand.D．Agricultureandforestrybattleforland.7．Whatdoestheresearcherthinkofthesituationofwoodproduction?A．It'spromising.B．It'schallenging.C．It'ssatisfying.D．It'sconfusing.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheRiseofGrapeYardsinBritainB．ClimateChangeandWoodProductionC．TheImpactofClimateChangeonLandUseD．TheFutureofAgricultureinaWarmingWorld温馨提示：请完成阅读理解题型分类练(八)～(九)第四讲词句猜测题——抓住“暗示”破题[典例1]B[典例2]D[典例3]C[典例4]A[典例5]C[典例6]B练重点练难点·创新应用体验A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Vimukthi因渴望被关注而犯错，最终明白真正认可源于高尚行为。1．D推理判断题。根据第一段中“Despitemyachievements,Ifeltovershadowedandunnoticed.Thedesiretostandoutconsumedme,pushingmetowardsaseveremistake.”以及第二段可知，Vimukthi提到另一把钥匙是因为他渴望被认可。故选D。2．C推理判断题。根据第五段中“Admittingguiltonlytemporarilyalleviatedtheprincipal'sanger.”以及第四段中“Inadesperateattempttoendthesuffering,Ifalselyadmitted,hopingtoescapethemountingpressure.”可推知，Vimukthi承认有罪后，可能是感觉松了一口气。故选C。3．B词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Admittingguiltonlytemporarilyalleviatedtheprincipal'sanger.Hesummonedmyfather,andmyfatherlistenedattentively,andthenspokewithquietauthority:‘Itrustmyson.Heisnotathief.’”可知，承认有罪只是暂时缓解了校长的愤怒，故alleviated意思是“缓