阅读理解题型分类练(七)　主旨大意题-段落大意类

阅读理解题型分类练(七)主旨大意题——段落大意类(分值：30分)授课提示：对应专题检测题题过19页A(2025·安徽示范高中皖北协作区联考)AninternationallypraisedculturalthinghasintroducedtheattractivetaleofSunWukongtoaudiencesworldwide.ButforGhaffarPourazar,aBritish-AmericandualcitizenlivinginCalifornia;thislegendaryfigurehasbeenapartofhisidentityfordecades.Pourazar'slifelongpassionforPekingOperabeganbychance.In1993,PourazarattendedaperformanceatLondon'sQueenElizabethHallandwasinstantlycaptured.HewentbackstagerightaftertheshowandmadefriendswiththeChineseperformers.Withtheirhelp,Pourazarwasenrolledatanoperaschool.Justthreemonthslater,helefthislifeinBritainbehindandmovedtoBeijingtotraininthemartialrolesoftheart.Startingasanadultwasnoteasy,asPekingOperaisacomplexmixtureofvocalperformance,mime,martialarts,danceandacrobatics.Inadditiontothephysicaldemands,masteringtheChineselanguageposedanotherproblem.“Iwasconstantlyrecitingthesubtitlesandsongs,whetherIwaseating,bathing,walking,orevendreaming，”Pourazarsaid.Pourazarbelievesthatgreatarttranscends(超越)languages.Overtheyears,hehasdevotedhimselftointroducingPekingOperaandSunWukongtointernationalaudiences.HehasalsobeenteachingcoursesandorganizingworkshopsintheUnitedStates,bringingPekingOperatocuriousWesternlearners.TobetterconnectwithWesternaudiencesandlearners,headaptedsomeclassicplayssuchasTheMonkeyKing:UproarinHeavenintoEnglishversionsandhealsoadaptedShakespeare'sAMidsummerNight'sDreamintoPekingOpera．Inrecognitionofhiscontributions，PourazarreceivedtheGreatWallFriendshipAwardfromtheBeijinggovernmentin2014.“Culturalexchangeshouldbereciprocal.Iaimtoblendmyexpertiseinoperawithmymulticulturalbackgroundtocreateenrichingartisticexperiencesfortheaudiences，”saidPourazar.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了GhaffarPourazar与京剧的深厚渊源及传播贡献。1．Whatistheauthor'sintentionofwritingParagraph1？()A．ToproveGhaffarPourazar'sachievement.B.Tointroduceaculturalinfluenceonanindividual.C.ToexplaintheculturalsignificanceofSunWukong.D.TohighlightthefascinationofancientChinesetales.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，文章先是说孙悟空这一文化形象在世界范围内的影响，接着指出对Pourazar来说，这个传奇人物已经成为他身份的一部分数十年了。由此可知，作者写第一段的意图是介绍一种文化对一个人的影响。故选B。2．WhatdoweknowaboutPourazar'sexperienceoflearningPekingOpera？()A．Languagewasasignificantbarrierforhim.B．Theperformershemetbackstagetaughthimtheart.C.QueenElizabethmadehiminterestedinPekingOpera．D．HisenthusiasmforPekingOperastartedatanearlyage.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inadditiontothephysicaldemands,masteringtheChineselanguageposedanotherproblem.‘Iwasconstantlyrecitingthesubtitlesandsongs,whetherIwaseating,bathing,walking,orevendreaming，’Pourazarsaid.”可知，语言对Pourazar来说是一个很大的障碍。故选A。3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout？()A．HisgreatloveforPekingOpera．B．Hisamazingperformanceonstage.C．HisbeliefinperformingPekingOpera．D．HiscontributiontospreadingPekingOpera．答案：D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中“Pourazarbelievesthatgreatarttranscends(超越)languages.Overtheyears,hehasdevotedhimselftointroducingPekingOperaandSunWukongtointernationalaudiences.”以及全段可知，本段讲述了多年来他致力于向国际观众介绍京剧和孙悟空，在美国授课、组织研习班，还改编经典剧目，这些都体现了他对传播京剧所做的贡献。故选D。4．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribePourazar？()A．Persistentandgentle.B．Humorousandcharming.C．Traditionalandcautious.D．Determinedandinnovative.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Justthreemonthslater,helefthislifeinBritainbehindandmovedtoBeijingtotraininthemartialrolesoftheart.”以及第三段他克服语言等困难学习京剧，能看出他很有决心；根据第四段的“TobetterconnectwithWesternaudiencesandlearners,headaptedsomeclassicplayssuchasTheMonkeyKing:UproarinHeavenintoEnglishversionsandhealsoadaptedShakespeare'sAMidsummerNight'sDreamintoPekingOpera．”可知，他改编经典剧目，体现了他的创新。所以Pourazar既有坚定的信念又有创新精神。故选D。B(2025·山东潍坊模拟)Imagineaworldwherefoodsecurityreliesonjustafewcrops.Thisisnotfictionbutourcurrentpath.Agriculturalbiodiversity—thelifebloodofflexibleecosystems—iscollapsingduetoclimatechange,habitatdestruction,andindustrialfarming.Over75%ofplantgeneticdiversityhasdisappearedinacentury,withjustninespeciesnowdominatingglobalcropproduction.Suchrelianceonuniformcropsleavesfoodsystemsopentopests,diseases,andclimateextremes.Geneticdiversityactsasanaturalbarrieragainstenvironmentalchanges.Differentcropvarietiesresponddifferentlytostressors,providingfarmerswithoptionstomanagerisks.Whenonecropfails,otherscancompensate,_helpingtosafeguardharvestsandlivelihoods.However,asthediversityonourfarmsdrops,farmershavefewertoolstoadapttothegrowingchallengebroughtonbyenvironmentalchange.Thefallbringsnumerousconsequences,andhumanhealthsuffersaswell.Globaldietsnowcenteronenergy-richbutnutrient-poorfood,resultingin11millionannualdiet-relateddeaths.Andreducedaccesstodiversefruitsandvegetablesworsensmalnutrition(营养不良)globally.Turningthetrendaroundrequiresamulti-aspectapproachthatcombinesconservation,sustainablefarmingpractices,andscientificinnovation.Centraltotheseeffortsistheconservationofgeneticresources—theseeds,genes,andlivingorganismsthatsustainourfoodsystems.TheglobalgenebanknetworkdevelopedbyCGIARconservesover700,000accessionsofmorethan3，000locallyimportantandlesswell-knownplantspecies.Sendingsamplesouttothousandsofrequestersworldwideeveryyear,itbringsdiversitybackintocommunities,fields,andlandscapes.Weourselvesalsoneedtobringbiodiversitybackintoourfields.Agroecologicalpractices,suchascropalternation,intercropping,andagroforestry,capitalizeonthepowerofbiodiversitytoenhancesoilhealth,controlpests,andimprovewateruseefficiency.Biodiversityisourinsuranceagainstenvironmentaluncertainty.Butlikeanyinsurance,itonlyworksifwemaintainit.Today'schoicesdeterminetomorrow'sfoodrecoverycapacity.Byboostingconservationandinnovation,wecansafeguardthegeneticfoundationofoursurvival.Theseedsofthefutureareinourhands—letthemthrive.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球农业生物多样性的减少及其对粮食安全和人类健康的影响，并提出了通过保护、可持续农业实践和科学创新来恢复生物多样性的方法。5．Whatisdiscussedregardingglobalagriculture？()A．Thedeclineofagriculturalbiodiversity.B．Themismatchoffoodsupplyanddemand.C．Thelackofadvancedagriculturaltechnology.D．Theoveruseofchemicalfertilizersinfarming.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，文章讨论了由于气候变化、栖息地破坏和工业化农业，农业生物多样性正在崩溃，全球作物生产中植物遗传多样性大幅减少，所以关于全球农业讨论的是农业生物多样性的减少。故选A。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compensate”inParagraph2mean？()A．Sufferfromtherisk.B．Speeduptherecovery.C．Makeupfortheloss.D．Increasethediversity.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Geneticdiversityactsasanaturalbarrieragainstenvironmentalchanges.Differentcropvarietiesresponddifferentlytostressors,providingfarmerswithoptionstomanagerisks.”以及画线单词句“Whenonecropfails,otherscan...,helpingtosafeguardharvestsandlivelihoods.”可知，遗传多样性是应对环境变化的天然屏障，不同作物品种对压力源反应不同，当一种作物歉收时，其他作物可以“弥补损失”，从而保障收成和生计，“compensate”意思是“弥补；补偿”。故选C。7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout？()A．TheroleofCGIAR.B．Impactsoffarmingpractices.C．Measurestoincreasebiodiversity.D．Theimportanceofgeneticdiversity.答案：C解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中“Turningthetrendaroundrequiresamulti-aspectapproachthatcombinesconservation,sustainablefarmingpractices,andscientificinnovation.”表明扭转农业生物多样性减少的趋势需要多方面的方法，包括保护、可持续农业实践和科学创新。接着介绍了全球基因库网络的作用以及农业生态实践，如作物轮作、间作和农林复合经营等，所以第四段主要讲的是增加生物多样性的措施。故选C。8．Whatdoestheauthoragreewith？()A．Immediatehumanactionisvital.B．Futureglobalfoodsupplyisassured.C．Buyinginsuranceforcropsisamust.D．Traditionalgeneticseedsarehardtosurvive.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，生物多样性是应对环境不确定性的保障，我们现在的选择决定着未来的食物恢复能力，我们要通过加强保护和创新来保障生存的遗传基础，未来的种子在我们手中，这表明作者认为人类立即采取行动至关重要。故选A。C(2025·武汉高三下学期模拟)Cuttingcarbonemissions(排放)isnotenoughtokeepglobalwarmingtolessthan1.5℃—thegoalofthe2015ParisAgreementonclimatechange.Notanymore,atleast.Asaresult,hundredsofstart-upstryingtoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheairandwaterhavesprungupwithinthepastfewyears.Whileland-basedcarbondioxideremovalprojectshavebeenundergoingtestinganddevelopmentfordecades,ocean-basedcarbonremovalismorerecentinthepushtofightagainstclimatechange.Andoneoftheleadersinthatfield—Equatic—isabouttoincreaseitseffortsinabigway.WhatbeganthreeyearsagoasaUSDepartmentofEnergy-fundedresearchprojectoutoftheUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeleshasalreadygrownintoapairofpilotprojectsinLosAngelesandSingapore.Andnow,thecompanyhasitssightssetonbuildingamassivemarinecarboncapture(海洋碳捕获)facilityinQuebec.Theprocessforcapturingcarbonbeginsbypumpingseawaterintoatankandthenusinganelectricalcurrenttobreakdownthewaterintooxygen(O2)andhydrogen(H2)gasesandasolution,whichisthenreactedwiththeair,pullingcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphereandchemicallytransformingitintotwobyproducts.One,calciumcarbonate,isawhitepowder.Theotherisasolutionthatgetsreleasedbackintotheocean.TheproposedQuebecplantdifferssignificantlyfromEquatic'sexistingfacilities.ItsSingaporeanpilotfacilitycanprocess4，000tonnesofcarboneachyear.TheplannedQuebecfacility,meanwhile,willbecapableofprocessing110，000tonnesannually—aboutasmuchcarbonasisemittedby24，000cars.Ultimately,though,theyoungindustryisfullofuncertainties.Sofar,researchonmarinecarbonremovalhasbeenbasedonlabexperimentsandtrials.SoasEquatic'splannedQuebecplantmovesahead,scientistswillbewatchingtolearnmoreaboutitsenvironmentalimpactandaboutjusthoweffectivemarinecarbondioxideremovalcanreallybe.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为应对气候变化，一些致力于从空气和水中去除温室气体的初创企业涌现，其中Equatic在海洋碳捕获领域较为领先。9．WhatcanweknowaboutEquaticfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？()A．Itstartedasauniversityresearchproject.B．Itisaland-basedcarbonremov