阅读理解专题强化练　C、D篇阅读强化练(一)

阅读理解专题强化练C、D篇阅读强化练(一)A(2025·山东青岛高三一模)Bacteria(细菌)knowhowtoroughitoutallovertheearth.Askmostofthemwherethey'dtrulyprefertosettlethough,andakitchensponge(海绵)wouldprobablytopthelist.Yes,itturnsoutthattheverytoolweusetocleanourplates,whichiswarm,damp,andfullofnutritiousfoodpieces,ispackedwithtinylife.LingchongYou,abiologistatDukeUniversity,alongwithhisteam,usedcomputerstomodelthecomplexenvironmentofaspongefora2022study.Hefoundthatspongesfeaturingpocketsofvaryingsizesaresomethingthatreallymattersforpromotingbacterialgrowth.Thisholdssignificanceascertainbacteriatendtogrowindependentlywhileothersdemandthecompanionshipofothers.Withinaspongefilledwithholesandpockets,thereexistsuchanabundanceofdiversestructuresthateveryoneattainsastateofsatisfaction.Nevertheless,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthesetoolspresentahealthrisktousaswell.Bacteriaexisteverywhereandnotallareharmful;infact,manyperformvitaljobs.Theimportantquestionis,therefore,arethebacteriafoundinspongesevenworthworryingabout?In2017,JenniferQuinlan,aprofessoroffoodsafety,andhercolleagues,collectedkitchenspongesfrom100homes,findingthatonly1－2%ofthosespongescontainedbacterialinkedtofoodpoisoninginhumansandtheonesthatdidcontainedonlysmallamountsofharmfulbacteria．“Thevastmajorityofbacteriaonspongesdonotcauseillness,andthey'rejustgoingtomakethemsmell.”saysQuinlan.“Havingsaidthat,thereisapossibilitythatifyouuseaspongetowipeuprawmeatthatyoucouldhavesomeofthosedisease-causingbacteriaonthere,andstudieshavefoundthatthosebacteriacanbeseparatedfromkitchensponges.”Thisisnotthewholestoryyet.Ifdangerousbacteriahappentoarriveonthescene,thesponge'sspecialmake-upmakesitanidealplaceforthemtogrowandmultiply.Andthere'sevidencethisisthecase.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph？(

)A．Spongesareperfecttoolsinthekitchen.B．Bacteriaprefertoliveindryenvironment.C．Kitchenspongesaregoodhomeforbacteria．D．Bacteriaaffectkitchensponges'performance.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，大多数细菌它们真正想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会排在首位，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个温暖、潮湿且充满营养食物碎屑的工具，充满了微小的生命(细菌)。由此可知，厨房海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。2．WhatdidLingchongYoufindinhisstudy？(

)A．Howspongesareexactlystructured.B．Whatencouragesbacterialgrowth.C．Howbacteriareacttotheenvironment.D．Whybacteriakeepcompanywitheachother.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Hefoundthatspongesfeaturingpocketsofvaryingsizesaresomethingthatreallymattersforpromotingbacterialgrowth.”可知，LingchongYou发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促进细菌生长起着重要作用，也就是他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选B。3．WhatdoesQuinlanthinkofbacteriaonsponges？(

)A．Relativelyharmless.B．Poorlyadaptive.C．Surprisinglyunpleasant.D．Widelydistributed.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知，Quinlan认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌，而且这些细菌的含量也很少，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选A。4．Whatwillbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph？(

)A．Proofsofbacterialthreat.B．Theclassificationofbacteria．C．Methodstocontrolbacterialgrowth.D．Researchintoapplicationsofbacteria．答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明危险细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。B(2025·河南考前适应性考试)AnewstudypublishedinNatureMedicinehasrevealedasignificantlinkbetweendietandhealthyaging.Thestudyfocusedonhowmaintainingadietrichinplant-basedfoods,alongwithalowtomoderate(适度的)intakeofhealthyanimal-basedfoodsandareducedintakeofhighlyprocessedfoods,canleadtohealthyaging.Healthyaging,inthiscontext,meansreaching70yearsoldwithoutmajorongoingdiseasesandmaintaininggoodphysical,andmentalhealth.Previousstudiesinvestigateddietarypatternsinthecontextofspecificdiseasesorpeople'slifespan(寿命).Thisresearchtakesabroaderview.FrankHu,aprofessoratHarvardChanSchool,said,“Ourstudyaskshowdietimpactspeople'sabilitytoliveindependentlyandenjoyagoodqualityoflifeastheyage.”Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover105，000womenandmenaged39－69intheNurses'HealthStudyandtheHealthProfessionalsFollow-UpStudyover30years.Participantsregularlyfilledoutdietaryquestionsheets,whichwerescoredbasedontheirfollowingofeighthealthydietarypatterns.Thesepatternsemphasizedhighintakeoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,andmore.Thestudyalsoevaluatedtheintakeofover-processedfoods,whichareoftenunhealthy.Thestudyfoundthat9.3%oftheparticipantsagedhealthfully.Amongthehealthydiets,thosewiththehighestAHEI(AlternativeHealthyEatingIndex)scoreshadamuchgreaterlikelihoodofhealthyagingcomparedtothosewiththelowestscores.AnotherbeneficialdietwasthePlanetaryHealthDietIndex(PHDI).Alternatively,higherintakeofhighly-processedfoodswasrelatedtolowerprobabilitiesofhealthyaging.Co-correspondingauthorMartaGuasch-Ferréstatedthatresearchonhealthyagingiscrucialasstayingactiveandindependentmattersforbothindividualsandpublichealth.Theleadauthor,Anne-JulieTessier,addedthatthere'snoone-size-fits-alldiet,andhealthydietscanbeadjustedaccordingtopersonalneeds.Despiteitscontributions,thestudyonlyincludedhealthprofessionals,andfurtherresearchamongdiversepopulationsisneeded.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究揭示饮食与健康衰老的关系，还指出研究存在的局限。5．Whatdidpaststudiesmainlytellus？(

)A．Dietshapesthequalityofthelifeoftheold.B．Dietaffectshealthyagingthroughfoodintake.C．Dietdeterminesone'sindependentlivingability.D．Dietpatternscaninfluencehowlongpeoplelive.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Previousstudiesinvestigateddietarypatternsinthecontextofspecificdiseasesorpeople'slifespan.”可知，先前的研究在特定疾病或人类寿命的背景下对饮食模式进行了调查，这意味着研究关注了饮食模式与特定疾病以及寿命之间的关系。由此可知，饮食模式可以影响人们的寿命长短。故选D。6．Howisthestudyconducted？(

)A．Byanalyzingexistingdata．B．Bydoinglotsofsurveys.C．Bycarryingoutexperiments.D．Bymakingcomparisons.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover105，000womenandmenaged39－69intheNurses'HealthStudyandtheHealthProfessionalsFollow-UpStudyover30years.”可推知，研究人员是通过分析现有数据的方式开展研究的。故选A。7．Whatdoestheresultofthenewstudytellus？(

)A．Processedfoodsshortenhumans'lives.B．LowPHDIscoresreduceagingodds.C．HighPHDIscoresensurethatoneageswell.D．AHEIscorestopothersforhealthyaging.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Amongthehealthydiets,thosewiththehighestAHEI(AlternativeHealthyEatingIndex)scoreshadamuchgreaterlikelihoodofhealthyagingcomparedtothosewiththelowestscores.AnotherbeneficialdietwasthePlanetaryHealthDietIndex(PHDI).”可知，PHDI是有益的饮食模式。由此可推断出，较高的行星健康饮食指数(PHDI)能确保一个人健康地变老。故选C。8．WhatdoesAnne-JulieTessiersayaboutthenewstudy？(

)A．Itholdstrueeverywhere.B．Ithascertainlimitations.C．Itsuggestsahealthierdiet.D．Itpossessesdeepmeaning.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，Anne-JulieTessier认为该研究存在局限，只包括了健康专业人员，还需要在不同人群中进一步研究。故选B。C(2025·河南省部分学校三模)Muchofthemethane(甲烷)intheaircomesfromhumanactivities.Butmethanehasnaturalsourcestoo.Microbes(微生物)inwetlandsoilsandtreesalsoreleasemethane.VincentGauci,anenvironmentalscientist,knewthetreesinwetplaces,likethetropics,giveoffmethanefromtheirtrunks.Then,hewantedtostudyitsreleasefromtreesindriersoils.“Weweresurprisedtoseetheexactopposite，”saysGauci.Thetreeswereactuallytakinginmethane.Treestakinginandreleasinggasesisgasexchange.Researcherstypicallymeasuremethaneexchangelowonthetrunk,neartheground.ButGauci'steammeasuredhigheruponthetree,thinkingthiswouldbetterestimatehowmuchmethanethewholetreemightsendout.Gauci'stwostudentsmeasuredmethanereleasefromtreesintheUKandPanama,settingupagas-exchangechamberonatreetomonitorhowmuchmethaneit'sabsorbingorsendingout.Theyexpectedmethaneemissionswoulddropastheymeasuredhigherupthetrunk.Theirguessatfirstseemedtohold.Higherupthetrunk,methanereleasedipped.Butatchestheight,thenumbersdroppedbelowzero—here,treeswereabsorbingmethane.Tofurtherchecktheirfindings,theteamanalyzedtreesfromfourregions—Brazil,Sweden,PanamaandtheUK.Theresultwasthesameatallsites.Overall,thetreestookupmoremethanethantheyreleased.Usingdatafromthefoursites,theteamestimatedalltheworld'sforestsmaybeabsorbing50milliontonsofmethaneeveryyear.Thescientistsbelievemethaneistakeninbymicrobesthatliveintreebark.Onaverage,treesabsorbedmoremethanethantheyreleased,withfasteruptakeinwarmerclimates.Gaucisays,“Peoplereleasefarmoremethanethanwhatnaturecanremove.Sowehavetocutbackonfossilfuels.Treesareevenmoreimportantforclimatethanwethought.Wemustbeawareoftheneedforimmediateactiontosafeguardthisvitalnaturalresource.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕科学家VincentGauci及其团队对树木吸收和释放甲烷的研究展开。

9．WhataspectoftheresearchsurprisedGauci？(

)A．Itstheory.B．Itsprocess.C．Itsfindings.D．Itsfunctions.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，Gauci原本知道潮湿地区(如热带地区)的树木会从树干释放甲烷，他想研究更干燥土壤中树木甲烷的释放情况，但结果却发现树木实际上在吸收甲烷，这与他预期的情况相反，所以是研究结果让他