50分阅读理解提分练(四)

50分阅读理解提分练(四)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2025·河北省全国统一考试模拟)Lookingtoupdateyourreadinglist?AddthesegreatbooksbyLatinxandHispanicauthorstoyourto-be-readlist.AfterlifebyJuliaAlvarezNow40%Off$17$10AntoniaVegaishavingahardtime:Justasshestepsdownfromherlong-heldeducationalposition,anewchapterinherlifebegins.Herhusbanddiesunexpectedly,andhersistermysteriously(神秘地)disappears.Thisisamovingtaleofawomanwho'salwayssoughtcomfortinstories.Shehastofaceveryreal-worldproblemswithoutanyofherusualsupport.Family

LorebyElizabethAcevedoNow54%Off$30$14Florcanpredictthedaywhensomeoneisgoingtodie,sowhensheplansalivingwakeforherself,hersistersaresuspicious.Shewon'ttellthemwhat'sup.ThisnoveltakesusthroughtherichhistoryandcrazypresentoftheMartefamily,fromSantoDomingotoNewYorkCity,anditallcomestogetherinacelebrationofcommunity,sisterhood,andlovethatwillbringtearsofjoy.Olga

Dies

DreamingbyXochitlGonzalezNow47%Off$28$15OlgaisasuccessfulweddingplannerandherbrotherPietroisapopularpolitician.Theyseemperfectinpublic,butinprivate,theyhavedeepsecretsthatcouldruintheirlives.Theirradical(激进的)motherreturnsduringahurricaneinPuertoRico,makingthingsmorecomplicated.Thisstoryisintenseandabsorbing.The

House

on

Mango

StreetbySandraCisnerosNow43%Off$13$7Noreadinglistiscompletewithoutthisclassiccoming-of-agestoryaboutEsperanzaCordero,ayounggirlgrowingupinChicago.Anyonewho'severbeenachild,regardlessoftheirbackground,willrecognizesomepartofhim/herselfinthisbeautiful,sometimesheart-meltingbook.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书及其折扣信息。1．WhatmayAntoniainAfterlifebebeforesheretires？(

)A．Awriter.B．Adesigner.C．Apolitician.D．Ateacher.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据AfterlifebyJuliaAlvarez部分中“AntoniaVegaishavingahardtime:Justasshestepsdownfromherlong-heldeducationalposition,anewchapterinherlifebegins.”可知，Antonia可能是一名教师。故选D。2．Whichbookenjoysthebiggestdiscount？(

)A．Afterlife.B．Family

Lore.C．Olga

Dies

Dreaming.D．The

House

on

Mango

Street.答案：B解析：细节理解题。对比各本书的折扣可知，Afterlife的折扣为40%；Family

Lore的折扣为54%；Olga

Dies

Dreaming的折扣为47%；The

House

on

Mango

Street的折扣为43%。其中Family

Lore折扣54%是最大的折扣。故选B。3．Inwhosebookcanyoufindapieceofyourself？(

)A．SandraCisneros's.B．ElizabethAcevedo's.C．JuliaAlvarez's.D．XochitlGonzalez's.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据The

House

on

Mango

StreetbySandraCisneros部分中“Anyonewho'severbeenachild,regardlessoftheirbackground,willrecognizesomepartofhim/herselfinthisbeautiful,sometimesheart-meltingbook.”可知，每一个曾经是孩子的人，无论他们的背景如何，都会在这本美好而暖心的书里找到自己的影子。这本书的作者是SandraCisneros。故选A。B(2025·福建高中毕业班适应性练习卷)Bythemiddleofthelastdecade,IhadbeenstudyingIndianButterfliesforover20years.However,Ihadneverobservedbutterfliesathighaltitudesinthetrans-Himalayanhabitat.So,in2015,IdecidedtovisitLadakhtosearchforbutterflies.Myfirst“butterflying”visittoLadakhwasinJune2016,theninJulyofthesameyear,followedbyanothervisitinAugust2018.Forthesevisits,Ichartedoutatwo-weekscheduleoneachoccasion.Icoveredsomeofthewell-knownlocations.Eachhabitatweexploredhaditsuniquemixofbutterflyspecies.Bytricklingstreamsandwetareas,wefoundSmallandDuskyGreenUnderwings,alongwithnumerousMeadowblues,allpartoftheBluesfamily.Inalpinemeadows,countlesswhiteandyellowbutterfliesfromtheYellowsandWhitesfamilyfluttered(翩翩飞舞)about.Morethanonce,I'dspotawhiteoryellowbutterflyflyingacrossthemeadow,andchaseafterit,onlytofindmyselfoutofbreathinLadakh'sthinairwhilethebutterflygracefullyflewaway.Once,IchasedaButler'sDwarfbutterflyfor15minutes,managingonlyafewphotosbeforeitdisappeared.Anothertime,IspotteddozensofCloudedYellowbutterfliesinanalpinemeadow.Ispenthalfanhourchasingthem,onlyforthemtoflyawayeachtime.OverthecourseofmultiplevisitstoLadakhforbutterflyobservation,I'vehadtheremarkableopportunitytophotographmorethan40“lifers”—speciesIencounteredfortheveryfirsttime.ThesediscoverieshaveaddedvaluableknowledgetothefieldandledtothepublicationoftworesearchpapersintheJournal

of

Threatened

Taxa．Inadditiontothis,IpartneredwiththeSnowLeopardConservancytocreateasmallbookletshowcasing50butterflyspeciesfoundinLadakh,withthegoalofraisingawarenessandpromotingbutterflywatchingasauniqueandsustainableactivity.Thisinitiativeaimstoinspirebothlocalsandtouriststoexploretherichbiodiversityoftheregion,whilefosteringagreaterappreciationforLadakh'sdelicateecosystems.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶，描述了追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。4．WhydidtheauthordecidetovisitLadakh？(

)A．Tosurveybutterfliesathighaltitudes.B．Tosearchforbutterflyhabitats.C．Tocarryoutatravelschedule.D．Torecommendtouristattractions.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,Ihadneverobservedbutterfliesathighaltitudesinthetrans-Himalayanhabitat.So,in2015,IdecidedtovisitLadakhtosearchforbutterflies.”可知，作者决定访问拉达克是为了在高海拔地区观察蝴蝶。故选A。5．Whichbestdescribestheauthor'schasingbutterflies？(

)A．Challengingandfascinating.B．Scaryandexciting.C．Embarrassingandamusing.D．Dangerousandinteresting.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Morethanonce,I'dspotawhiteoryellowbutterflyflyingacrossthemeadow,...Ispenthalfanhourchasingthem,onlyforthemtoflyawayeachtime.”可知，追逐蝴蝶很费力，具有挑战性；根据第四段可知，作者第一次遇到了舞蝶物种，增加了宝贵知识，说明过程很有吸引力。故作者追逐蝴蝶的过程具有挑战性和吸引力。故选A。6．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmakingabooklet？(

)A．TodocumentinsectspeciesinIndia．B．Toencourageeco-awareexploration.C．TopromotelocaltourisminLadakh.D．Tocomparebutterflyresearchfindings.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者制作小册子的目的是鼓励生态探索。故选B。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？(

)A．UniquenessofButterfliesB．AFascinatingJourneyC．BiodiversityinLadakhD．AFlutteringDiscovery答案：D解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段中“Myfirst‘butterflying’visittoLadakhwasinJune2016,theninJulyofthesameyear,followedbyanothervisitinAugust2018.”结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者去拉达克高海拔地区观察蝴蝶，描述了追逐蝴蝶的过程以及感受。D选项“翩翩飞舞的发现”最符合文章标题。故选D。C(2025·湖北部分高中联考)Machinelearningseesreasoningasacategorizationtaskwithafixedsetofpredeterminedlabels.Itviewstheworldasafixedspaceofpossibilities,calculatingandweighingthemall.Thisapproach,ofcourse,hasachievednotablesuccesseswhenappliedtostableandwell-definedsituationssuchaschessorcomputergames.Whensuchconditionsareabsent,however,machinesstruggle.In2008,GooglelaunchedFluTrends,awebservicethataimedtopredictflu-relateddoctorvisitsusingbigdata．Theproject,however,failedtopredictthe2009H1N1fluoutbreak.Afterseveralunsuccessfuladjustmentstoitsalgorithm(算法),Googlefinallystoppedtheprojectin2015.Insuchunstablesituations,thehumanbrainbehavesdifferently.Sometimes,itsimplyforgets.Insteadofgettingtrappedinirrelevantdata,itreliesonlyonthemostrecentinformationandmakescreativedecisions.Thisisafeaturecalledintelligentforgetting.Adoptingthisapproach,analgorithmthatreliesonasingledatapointwouldhavereducedGoogleFluTrends'predictionerrorbyhalf.IntelligentforgettingisjustonedimensionofpsychologicalAI,anapproachtomachineintelligencethatalsoincludesotherfeaturesofhumanintelligencesuchascausalreasoning,intuitive(直觉)psychology,andphysics.Soon,thisapproachtoAIwillfinallyberecognizedasfundamentalforsolvingpoorly-definedproblems.Exploringtheseamazingfeaturesofthehumanbrainwillfinallyallowustomakemachinelearningsmart.OnefeatureofpsychologicalAIisthatitisexplainable.Untilrecently,researchersassumedthatthemoretransparentanAIsystemwas,thelessaccurateitspredictionswere.Thismirroredthewidespreadbutincorrectbeliefthatcomplexproblemsalwaysneedcomplexsolutions.Now,thisideawillbelaidtorest.Asthecaseofflupredictionsillustrates,powerfulandsimplepsychologicalalgorithmscanoftengivemoreaccuratepredictionsthancomplexalgorithms.PsychologicalAIopensupanewvisionforexplainableAI:Insteadoftryingtoexplaincomplexsystems,wecancheckfirstifpsychologicalAIoffersasimpleandequallyaccuratesolution.Withoutthehelpofhumanpsychology,itwillbecomeclearerthattheapplicationofthistypeofmachinelearningtounstablesituationseventuallyrunsupagainstimpassablelimitations.Wewillfinallyrecognizethatmorecomputingpowermakesmachinesfaster.Notsmarter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。8．WhyisFluTrendsmentioned？(

)A．Toclarifyaconcept.B．Totelltheseriousoutbreak.C．Tosupporttheauthor'sidea．D．Toprovidereaderswiththetruth.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段、二段可知，提到流感趋势是为了支持作者的观点。故选C。9．Whatistheadvantageofhumanbrainaccordingtothepassage？(

)A．Itcanthinkoutsidethebox.B．Itcanavoidunclearproblems.C．Itiscapableoflearningovertime.D．Itisgoodatfollowinginstructions.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Insuchunstablesituations,thehumanbrainbehavesdifferently.Sometimes,itsimplyforgets.Insteadofgettingtrappedinirrelevantdata,itreliesonlyonthemostrecentinformationandmakescreativedecisions.”可知，人脑的优势是它可以跳出框框思维。故选A。10．Whichhasthesimilarmeaningwiththeunderlinedword“transparent”inParagraph5？(

)A．Similar.B．Unique.C．Complete.D．Clear.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中“Thismirroredthewidespreadbutincorrectbeliefthatcomplexproblemsalwaysneedcomplexsolutions.”可知，直到最近，研究人员还认为人工智能系统越清晰，其预测就越不准确。故选D。11．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus？(

)A．AIspeedsupthecomputinggreatly.B．PsychologicalAIcanmakesmarterAI.C．AIsystemworkswellinstablesituations.D．AIwilloutperformthehumanbrainsomeday.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第四段中“Exploringtheseamazingfeaturesofthehumanbrainwillfinallyallowustomakemachinelearningsmart.”；和最后一段中“Withoutthehelpofhumanpsychology,itwillbecomeclearerthattheapplicationofthistypeofmachinelearningtounstablesituationseventuallyrunsupagainstimpassablelimitations.”可知，作者想告诉我们心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。故选B。D(2025·成都高三毕业班第三次诊断)Thepastdecadesawanincreaseinknowledgeaboutthegutmicrobiota(肠道微生物群),andhowitcanhaveapositiveimpactonourhealth.IwasfirstintroducedtothisareaofsciencebyProfessorGretchenDailyfromStanfordUniversity.ShementionedaresearchprojectconductedinFinland.Thestudysetupanexperimentwithchildreninkindergartenstoseewhathappenedtotheirskinandgutmicrobiomesandtheirimmune(免疫的)systemfunctioniftheyplayedinareascontainingelementsofnature.Seventy-ninechildrentookpart,alllivinginurbanenvironmentsandspendingthemajorityoftheirdaysatdifferentdaycarecentresaroundFinland.Theywereencouragedtoplayinonlyoneofthethreetypesofyardoverthe28daysoftheexperiment.Thefirstwasastandardoutdoorplayarea,madeupofconcrete,gravelandsomeplasticmatting.Thesecondwasnature-based:thesehavegrass,soilandplantedareas.Intheexperimentalareas,theconcreteandgravelwerecoveredwithforestfloorandsoilfromthelocalforest.Beforeandafterperiodsofplay,thechildren'sskinandgutmicrobiotaweremeasured,alongwithchangesintheirbloodforimmunoregulatorycytokinelevelsandTregcellfrequencies.Thesecellsandproteinsplayacrucialroleinpreventingcertaindiseases;theirlevelsinourbloodareoftenusedasanindicationofhowwelltheimmunesystemisfunctioning.Remarkableresultsemerged.Thechildrenwhoplayedintheexperimentalyardshowedalargeincreaseinthediversityofmicrobiotaontheirskinandintheirgutincomparisontothechildrenplayingintheurbanandnature-basedareas.Importantly,thesewerethe“good”typesofmicrobiota．Theimportanceofthisstudycannotbeoverstated.It'sclearthatevenshort-termexposuretonature'smicrobialdiversityhasthepotentialtofundamentallychangethediversityofmicrobiotaonourskinandinourgut.Inaddition,itsuggeststhatthealteredgutmicrobiotacanregulatethefunctionofourimmunesystem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述芬兰的研究发现接触自然有益肠道微生物群。12．Whatwasthepurposeoftheresearchproject？(

)A．Toanalyzechildren'splaypreferences.B．Toexplorethenature'simpactonhealth.C．Tocomparedifferentdaycareenvironments.D．Toseekwaystoimprovechildren'simmunity.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thestudysetupanexperimentwithchildreninkindergartenstoseewhathappenedtotheirskinandgutmicrobiomesandtheirimmune(免疫的)systemfunctioniftheyplayedinareascontainingelementsofnature.”可推知，研究项目的目的是探索自然对健康的影响。故选B。13．Whatwasthefeatureoftheexperimentalyardaccordingtothetext？(

)A．Itincludedplasticmattingonly.B．Itwasentirelymadeofconcrete.C．Itwasplantedwithartificialgrass.D．Itwascoveredwithlocalforestsoil.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Intheexperimentalareas,theconcreteandgravelwerecoveredwithforestfloorandsoilfromthelocalforest.”可知，实验场地的特点是被当地森林土壤覆盖。故选D。14．Whatdidtheresearchshow？(

)A．Fewerkidsplayedinurbanareas.B．Morekidspreferredexperimentalyards.C.Thekids'immunesystemfunctionedthesame.D.Thekids'microbiotadiversityroseinexperimentalareas.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thechildrenwhoplayedintheexperimentalyardshowedalargeincreaseinthediversityofmicrobiotaontheirskinandintheirgutincomparisontothechildrenplayingintheurbanandnature-basedareas.”可知，研究表明孩子们在实验区域的微生物群多样性增加了。故选D。15．Whatdoesthestudysuggestaboutfuturehealthpractices？(

)A．Increasingphysicalexercise.B．Conductinglong-termstudies.C．Integratingnatureintodailylife.D．Increasingmicrobialdiversityartificially.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“很明显，即使是短期接触自然的微生物多样性，也有可能从根本上改变我们皮肤和肠道中微生物群的多样性。此外，它还表明，改变后的肠道微生物群可以调节我们免疫系统的功能。”可推知，该研究表明未来的健康实践应该将自然融入日常生活。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2025·湖北八校联考)Learninghowtocareforasadpersonwillhelpyoubethereforyourlovedonesandfriendswhentheyaredown.However,knowinghowtocareforasadpersonisnotsomethinganindividualisbornwith.1(____)Hereareafewtipsthatwilleventuallyhelpyouliftthespiritofasadperson.Giveahug.Huggingsomeoneshowsyouraffectionandcare.2(____)Thiscanmakethemfeelrelaxedandopentoyou.Thiscanalsohelpthemrecognizethatyouaretheretohelpthemgothroughthismoment.Withnokindandlovingwords,youractionshavealreadysaidalot.3(____)Now,goonandsaysomekindwords.Wordslike“I'mhere”，“weareinthistogether”，“you'llgetoverthis”，“leanonme”andsoon,canhelpasadpersonfeelbetterandknowthatyou'retheretotakehim/herthroughthe