2025-2026年湖南省部编版高中英语高二年级下册第5单元同步练习题

2025-2026年湖南省部编版高中英语高二年级下册第5单元同步练习题一、单选题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit5,whatisthemainpurposeofthearticleaboutenvironmentalprotection?A.Topersuadereaderstobuyelectriccarsimmediately.B.Toexplainthecausesandeffectsofairpollution.C.Tointroduceanewmethodofrecyclingwaste.D.Tocriticizegovernmentsfornottakingaction.解析：本题考查文章主旨大意。根据单元5文章内容，文章重点分析了空气污染的成因和影响，并未直接推销电动汽车或提出具体回收方法，也未强烈批评政府。正确选项B准确概括了文章核心内容，其他选项均存在偏差。2.Thesentence"Theincreasingnumberofvehiclescontributestosevereairpollutionincities"demonstrateswhatgrammaticalstructure?A.Gerundphraseassubject.B.Infinitivephraseasobject.C.Participlephraseascomplement.D.Absolutephraseasmodifier.解析：该句中"contributesto"前为动名词短语"theincreasingnumberofvehicles"，作句子的主语。选项A正确，其他选项均不符合语法结构。3.Intheunit'sgrammarsection,whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoice?A.Manyproblemsweresolvedbystudentsyesterday.B.Theteacherwillbeinvitedtothemeetingtomorrow.C.Weshouldhavefinishedtheprojectlastweek.D.Hishousewasbrokenintolastnight.解析：选项B为一般将来时的被动语态，符合被动语态构成规则（be动词+过去分词）。其他选项A为过去时被动，C为虚拟语气，D为过去时被动但主语错误。4.Whatisthecorrecttranslationof"Despitetheheavyrain,theyinsistedongoingforapicnic"intoChinese?A.尽管下雨很大，他们还是坚持去野餐。B.因为下雨很大，所以他们去野餐。C.虽然他们坚持去野餐，但是雨很大。D.他们去野餐了，雨虽然很大。解析：选项A准确翻译了"despite"的转折含义，其他选项均改变了原句逻辑关系。5.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"sustainable."Whichsentenceusesitcorrectly?A.Thecompanyistryingtobesustainablebywastingpaper.B.Sustainableenergysourcesarebecomingmorepopular.C.Sheboughtasustainablecarbecauseitwasveryexpensive.D.Thesustainablepolicywasrejectedbymostvoters.解析：选项B正确使用"sustainable"形容能源类型，其他选项存在语义矛盾（如浪费纸与可持续性矛盾）。6.HowwouldyoudescribethetoneofthepassageaboutclimatechangeinUnit5?A.Humorousandlight-hearted.B.Indifferentandobjective.C.Urgentandpersuasive.D.Sarcasticandcritical.解析：单元5气候变化文章通常采用紧迫感强的说服性语气，强调行动必要性，选项C最符合。7.Thephrase"ameltingpotofcultures"implieswhatmeaning?A.Aplacewhereallculturesaredestroyed.B.Aplacewhereculturesmixandinfluenceeachother.C.Aplacewhereonlyoneculturesurvives.D.Aplacewhereculturesarekeptcompletelyseparate.解析：该短语比喻多元文化交融，选项B准确解释了其内涵。8.Whichgrammaticalerrorispresentinthesentence"Shedon'tlikereadingbooks"fromtheunit?A.Incorrectverbform.B.Missingarticle.C.Wrongpreposition.D.Redundantadverb.解析："don't"应为"doesn't"，主语为第三人称单数，选项A正确。9.Theunit'sspeakingactivityasksstudentstodebate"Shouldanimalsbeusedforscientificresearch?"Whattypeoftextwouldbemostappropriatefortheconclusion?A.Anarrativestory.B.Aformalargument.C.Ahumorousanecdote.D.Adescriptiveparagraph.解析：辩论结论需用正式论证文本，选项B最符合要求。10.Howwouldyousay"theimportanceofprotectingendangeredspecies"inGerman,accordingtotheunit'stranslationpractice?A.DieBedeutungderTierezuschützen.B.DieBedeutungvongeschütztenArtenzuschützen.C.DieBedeutunggeschützterArtenschützen.D.DieBedeutung,geschützteArtenzuschützen.解析：德语中不定式短语需用"von+不定式"结构，选项B正确。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitemphasizesthat__________isessentialforglobalenvironmentalprotection.参考答案：internationalcooperation解析：根据单元5课文内容，国际合作被多次提及为解决环境问题的关键。2.Theverb"topersevere"means__________inChinese.参考答案：坚持不懈解析：单元语法部分解释了该动词的固定搭配"persevereindoingsth."，对应中文含义。3.Thepassageabouturbanpollutionmentionsthat__________isoneofthemaincauses.参考答案：exhaustfumesfromvehicles解析：文章具体列举了汽车尾气作为城市污染源之一。4.Theunit'swritingtaskrequiresstudentstowritea__________abouttheirhometown.参考答案：persuasiveessay解析：根据写作说明，该任务需论证家乡环境保护的重要性。5.Theidiom"abreathoffreshair"isusedtodescribe__________.参考答案：somethingthatbringsnewideasorrelief解析：单元词汇部分解释了该习语比喻创新或令人愉悦的事物。6.Theunitsuggestsusing__________toreduceplasticwaste.参考答案：reusablebags解析：课文案例中提到用可重复使用的购物袋替代一次性塑料袋。7.Thegrammarsectionexplainsthedifferencebetween__________and__________.参考答案：presentperfect/pastsimple解析：单元重点对比了这两个时态在描述经历时的用法差异。8.Theunit'slisteningactivityincludesaconversationabout__________.参考答案：savingwaterathome解析：听力材料围绕家庭节水措施展开讨论。9.Theunitintroducestheconceptof__________asawaytoprotectbiodiversity.参考答案：ecologicalcorridors解析：课文介绍了生态廊道连接碎片化栖息地的作用。10.Theunit'sspeakingrubricevaluatesfluency,__________,andpronunciation.参考答案：coherence解析：口语评分标准包含流利度、连贯性和发音三个维度。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinUnit5suggeststhatindividualactionshavenoimpactonenvironmentalproblems.(×)解析：文章强调个人行为（如垃圾分类）对环保有累积作用，该说法与原文矛盾。2.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"mitigate,"whichmeanstomakesomethingworse.(×)解析："mitigate"实际意为减轻或缓和，与题干描述相反。3.ThegrammarsectiononlycoversthepresentperfecttenseinUnit5.(×)解析：该单元同时讲解了现在完成时和过去时态的对比使用。4.Theunit'swritingtaskrequiresaformallettertoalocalgovernmentofficial.(×)解析：实际写作任务为议论文，论证环境保护措施。5.Theunitsuggeststhatairpollutionismainlycausedbynaturalfactors.(×)解析：文章明确指出工业排放和交通是主要人为原因。6.Theidiom"tohitthenailonthehead"meanstomakeamistake.(×)解析：该习语比喻准确指出问题核心，与题干含义相反。7.Theunit'slisteningactivityincludesamonologue,notadialogue.(×)解析：听力材料包含两人对话和独白两种形式。8.Theunitintroducestheconceptof"carbonfootprint"asameasureofwaterusage.(×)解析："carbonfootprint"实际衡量碳排放量，与水无关。9.Theunit'sspeakingactivityrequiresmemorizingaspeechaboutclimatechange.(×)解析：实际任务为即兴辩论，而非背诵。10.Theunit'stranslationpracticeincludesconvertingEnglisharticlestoChinesecharacters.(×)解析：实际练习为英汉互译，而非文字转换。四、简答题（总共4题，每题4分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"sustainabledevelopment"and"economicgrowth."参考答案：Sustainabledevelopmentbalanceseconomicprogresswithenvironmentalprotectionandsocialequity,ensuringlong-termbenefits.Incontrast,economicgrowthfocusessolelyonincreasingproductionandGDP,oftenignoringecologicalcosts.Forexample,deforestationfortimbermayboostGDPbutharmsbiodiversity,whichsustainabledevelopmentwouldprevent.2.Describethreewaystoreduceplasticwasteindailylife,asmentionedintheunit.参考答案：(1)Usereusableshoppingbagsinsteadofplasticbags.(2)Avoidsingle-useplasticslikestrawsandcutlery.(3)Recycleplasticproductsproperlybycheckinglocalguidelines.3.Howdoestheunit'sgrammarsectionexplaintheuseofthepresentperfecttense?参考答案：Theunitexplainsthatthepresentperfecttenseisusedforactionscompletedintherecentpastwithrelevancetothepresent,orexperienceswithoutspecifictime.Forexample,"IhavevisitedParis"impliescurrentknowledgeofthevisit,while"ShehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears"showsongoinglearning.4.Whyisbiodiversityimportantforecosystemhealth,accordingtotheunit?参考答案：Biodiversityensuresecosystemresiliencebyprovidingvariedspeciesthatperformdifferentroles(e.g.,pollination,decomposition).Lossofspeciesdisruptsthesefunctions,makingecosystemsvulnerabletodiseasesorclimatechanges.Forinstance,monoculturefarmingreducespollinators,threateningfoodproduction.五、应用题（总共4题，每题6分，共24分）1.Writeashortparagraph(50words)abouthowyourschoolcanreduceitscarbonfootprint,usingatleasttwounitvocabularywords.参考答案：Ourschoolcanreduceitscarbonfootprintbyinstallingsolarpanelsandencouragingpaperlessexams.Thesesustainablepracticeswilldecreaserelianceonfossilfuelsandhelpcombatclimatechange.2.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Thestudentscompletedtheexperimentyesterday."参考答案：Theexperimentwascompletedbythestudentsyesterday.3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"尽管天气恶劣，他们还是坚持完成项目。"参考答案：Despitethebadweather,theyinsistedoncompletingtheproject.4.Createadialogue(60words)betweentwostudentsdiscussingtheiropinionsonusinganimalsinresearch.参考答案：StudentA:Doyouthinkanimalsshouldbeusedforscientificex