北京海淀区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京海淀区2025-2026学年高一上学期期末英语试题第一部分：听力理解（略）第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Anna,Sumi’sdaughter,hasalwaysbeencalled“Number23”.Everytimetheschool____1____examresults,Annawouldalwaysendupin23rdpositionamong50pupilsregardlessoftopicorterm.EverytimeSumiheardthatnickname,itcausedher____2____.SumidideverythingtohelpAnna,suchasgettingprofessionaltutorsandpackingbrainfood.AndAnnatriedhard,givingupallherhobbiesandmovingfromoneclasstoanother,evenonweekends.Butthensomethingterriblehappened—shelostherappetite,couldn’tsleep,andsweatedalot.____3____,shegotterriblysick.That’swhenSumicavedin.Shestopped____4____andgaveAnnamorespaceandindependence.Andjustlikethat,Anna____5____backtobeingthecheerfullittlechild.Oneday,Sumiandherpalswentonafamilyouting.Later,onthejourneyback,theygotdelayedintrafficforhours.Thekidsweregetting____6____.Annastarteddeliveringjokeslikeabigsister.Thenshetooktheleftovercandyboxes,andcutthemintopaperanimalswithscissors.Beforeeveryonesaidgoodbye,shepresentedonetoeachyoungsterasasouvenir.Theotherparentswereshiningwith____7____.Forthefirsttimeinyears,Sumifeltsomethingsurgeinherchest—pride.Notlongafter,SumigotaphonecallfromAnna’sclassteacher.Theteachersaid,“Anna’sgradeshaven’tchangedmuch.Buteveryoneinourclassadoresher.Theysaidshe’sareal-lifehero.Thatshehelpsothers,listens,andinvolveseveryone.You’reraisingatruly____8____child.”Sumicriedafterthecall.WhenAnnareturnedhome,Sumi____9____sharedthecall.“Mom,I’mnotahero.Idon’twanttobeone,either.Whenaherowalksdowntheroad,everyoneclapsforthem.Iwanttobetheone____10____“Maybebeing“Number23”isn’tthathorribleafterall.1.A.received B.released C.summarized D.corrected2.A.anger B.relief C.concern D.confusion3.A.Suddenly B.Eventually C.Unexpectedly D.Accidentally4.A.pressing B.judging C.blaming D.caring5.A.fell B.bent C.slipped D.bounced6.A.nervous B.weak C.restless D.scared7.A.curiosity B.pride C.appreciation D.inspiration8.A.optimistic B.wonderful C.skillful D.intelligent9.A.excitedly B.calmly C.humbly D.hesitantly10.A.leading B.waiting C.watching D.clapping【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A5.D6.C7.C8.B9.A10.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述苏米的女儿安娜因考试总排第23名，被称为“Number23”。苏米施压助其提分致安娜生病，后放宽要求，安娜重拾快乐并因善良受喜爱，苏米领悟成长真谛的故事。【1题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次学校公布考试成绩，无论考试科目或学期如何，安娜在50名学生中总是排名第23位。A.received收到；B.released公布，发布；C.summarized总结；D.corrected纠正。根据下文“examresults,Annawouldalwaysendupin23rdposition”可知，此处指学校公布考试成绩，released符合语境。故选B项。【2题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次苏米听到那个昵称，都会感到担忧。A.anger愤怒；B.relief宽慰；C.concern担忧；D.confusion困惑。根据后文“SumidideverythingtohelpAnna,suchasgettingprofessionaltutorsandpackingbrainfood.

”可知，苏米对女儿总排第23名的情况感到担忧。故选C项。【3题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她病得很重。A.Suddenly突然；B.Eventually最终，终于；C.Unexpectedly意外地；D.Accidentally偶然地。根据前文“shelostherappetite,couldn’tsleep,andsweatedalot”可知，安娜身体逐渐出现不适，最终病情加重。故选B项。【4题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不再施压，给了安娜更多的空间和自主性。A.pressing施压，催促；B.judging判断；C.blaming责备；D.caring关心。根据上文“SumidideverythingtohelpAnna,suchasgettingprofessionaltutorsandpackingbrainfood.AndAnnatriedhard,givingupallherhobbiesandmovingfromoneclasstoanother,evenonweekends.”和下文“cavedin”可知，此处指她不再向安娜施压。故选A项。【5题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就这样，安娜重新变回了那个开朗的小孩。A.fell落下；B.bent弯曲；C.slipped滑倒；D.bounced反弹，恢复活力。根据后文“backtobeingthecheerfullittlechild”可知，安娜在没有压力后重拾快乐，恢复了往日的状态。故选D项。【6题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们变得焦躁不安。A.nervous紧张的；B.weak虚弱的；C.restless焦躁不安的；D.scared害怕的。根据前文“theygotdelayedintrafficforhours”可知，堵车数小时，孩子们应是变得焦躁。故选C项。【7题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他家长都洋溢着感激之情。A.curiosity好奇心；B.pride自豪；C.appreciation感激；D.inspiration灵感。根据前文“Annastarteddeliveringjokeslikeabigsister.Thenshetooktheleftovercandyboxes,andcutthemintopaperanimalswithscissors.Beforeeveryonesaidgoodbye,shepresentedonetoeachyoungsterasasouvenir.”可知，其他家长为安娜照顾自己的孩子感到感激。故选C项。【8题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你培养了一个非常棒的孩子。A.optimistic乐观的；B.wonderful极好的，很棒的；C.skillful熟练的；D.intelligent聪明的。根据前文“everyoneinourclassadoresher.Theysaidshe’sareal-lifehero.Thatshehelpsothers,listens,andinvolveseveryone”可知，安娜善良、乐于助人，是个很棒的孩子。故选B项。【9题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：安娜回到家后，苏米激动地分享了通话内容。A.excitedly激动地；B.calmly平静地；C.humbly谦逊地；D.hesitantly犹豫地。根据上文“Notlongafter,SumigotaphonecallfromAnna’sclassteacher.Theteachersaid,“Anna’sgradeshaven’tchangedmuch.Buteveryoneinourclassadoresher.Theysaidshe’sareal-lifehero.Thatshehelpsothers,listens,andinvolveseveryone.You’reraisingatruly

child.”Sumicriedafterthecall.”可知，苏米应是激动地和女儿分享。故选A项。【10题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想成为那个鼓掌的人。A.leading带领；B.waiting等待；C.watching观看；D.clapping鼓掌。根据前文“Whenaherowalksdowntheroad,everyoneclapsforthem.”可知，英雄走过时所有人都会为其鼓掌，安娜不想成为被鼓掌的英雄，而是想成为鼓掌的人。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。SaulebekKabylbekovisa66-year-oldKazakhstaniophthalmologist(眼科医生)whocancommunicatefluentlywithpatientsinanortheasternChinesedialect.Inthe1990s,SaulebekvisitedChinamultipletimes____11____workandacademicexchanges.In1998,whenDaqingOphthalmologyHospitalwasestablished,hecametoprovidetechnicalassistance,introducingadvancedophthalmictechnologiesofthetime.Sincethen,Saulebek____12____(train)dozensofoutstandingyoungdoctorsandtreatedmorethan200,000patients.In2024,he____13____(award)theChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardinBeijing.【答案】11.for12.hastrained13.wasawarded【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈萨克斯坦眼科医生萨乌列别克·卡比尔别科夫，他精通中国东北方言，长期来华提供眼科技术支持、培养人才并救治患者，还荣获了中国政府友谊奖。【11题详析】考查介词。句意：20世纪90年代，萨乌列别克多次访问中国，开展工作与学术交流。根据句意可知，此处表示访问中国的目的是工作和学术交流，介词for可表“为了、用于”，后接名词短语workandacademicexchanges，符合语境与语法要求。故填for。【12题详析】考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，萨乌列别克培养了数十名优秀的年轻医生，并救治了20多万名患者。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Sincethen（从那以后）可知，该动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时；主语Saulebek为第三人称单数，且与谓语动词train（培养）是主动关系，所以用hastrained。故填hastrained。【13题详析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：2024年，他在北京被授予中国政府友谊奖。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In2024可知，应用一般过去时；主语he（指代Saulebek）与谓语动词award（授予）是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填wasawarded。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。DunhuangCavesarefilledwithinvaluablepaintingsandsculptures.Thegoodnewsforartloverswhocannottravel,andforthecaves____14____(they)isthatscientistshavecreateda360-degree,3Ddigitalprojectionofthecaves.Theprojectionhasinteractivefeatures____15____(make)theartworkcomealive.Thereisalsoafunctionthat____16____(let)viewerszoominandseethepaintingsandsculpturesingreaterdetail.Digitisingancientartallowsus____17____(explore)thepracticesoflongagoandmakestheartaccessibletotheworldwhileprotectingtheoriginalartworksforthefuture.【答案】14.themselves15.making16.lets17.toexplore【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了敦煌石窟的数字化成果：科学家为无法前往实地的艺术爱好者以及石窟本身，打造了360度3D数字投影，该投影兼具互动功能，既方便全球观众欣赏石窟艺术细节，又能保护原始文物。【14题详析】考查反身代词。句意：对于无法前往旅行的艺术爱好者以及石窟本身来说，一个好消息是科学家们制作出了石窟的360度3D数字投影。此处指代“thecaves”自身，需用反身代词作同位语，起强调作用。故填themselves。【15题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个投影带有互动功能，能让艺术品变得生动起来。句子已有谓语动词has，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰features；make与features是主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填making。【16题详析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：投影还有一项功能，能让观众放大画面，更细致地观赏画作和雕塑。先行词afunction是单数，定语从句的谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填lets。【17题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：古代艺术品数字化不仅能让我们探寻远古的工艺，还能让全世界的人接触到这些艺术，同时为未来保护好原始艺术品。固定搭配allowsb.todosth.表示“允许某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填toexplore。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Technologyhasenabledustoget____18____wewantquickly,butithasalsomadeusmoreimpatientintheprocess.Wecometoexpecteverythinginlifetobequickandeasy,____19____canmakeithardforustoappreciatetheeffortandtimethatgoesintocertainactivitiesorexperiences.Anothernegativeimpactoftechnologyonourpatiencelevelsisdistraction.Withtheconstantnotificationsofemailsandmessages,itbecomesharderforustostay____20____(focus)ononetaskatatime.【答案】18.what19.which20.focused【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出科技在让我们快速获取所需事物的同时，也造成了人们耐心下降、容易分心的负面影响，比如会让人期待生活中的一切都便捷易得，难以体会事物背后的付出，同时电子设备的持续通知也会干扰人们专注做事。【18题详析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：科技让我们能够快速得到我们想要的东西，但在此过程中也让我们变得更加没有耐心。动词get后接宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且表示“……的事物”，需用what引导。故填what。【19题详析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们开始期待生活中的一切都便捷易得，这会让我们难以体会某些活动或经历所投入的精力与时间。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，需用which引导。故填which。【20题详析】考查形容词。句意：由于邮件和消息的持续通知，我们越来越难一次专注于一项任务。固定搭配stayfocused意为“保持专注”，focused是形容词，意为“注意力集中的”，作表语。故填focused。第三部分：阅读理解（22分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。(共11小题；每小题2分，共22分)ATheLawnTennisFoundationispleasedtoannouncetherecruitmentforitsBallBoysandGirls(BBGs)programme,withselectiontrialsscheduledforJanuary13thand14th.Allnominatedcandidatesmustattendatwo-hoursessionattheCommunityTennisCentretobeconsideredforselection.AssessmentCriteria(标准)●Fitness:Thiscomponenttestsessentialphysicalqualities,includingspeedandendurance.●Skills:Participantsmustdemonstratetheirtechnicalabilityinfeeding,rolling,andreceivingtheball.●Knowledge:Atheoreticalassessmentwillbebasedonthecontentfrommodules1-8ofthepreparatorymaterial.●CourtWork:Thispracticalevaluationinvolvesactinginpositionsduringavirtualmatch,demonstratingaclearunderstandingofgametactics,courtreferencepoints,andappliedskills.Rules&GuidelinesStrictobservationofthefollowingguidelinesisrequiredtoensureafairandorganisedtrialprocess:●Arriveontime,butnomorethan30minutesearly.StudentsmustweartheirschoolPEkitwithshirtstuckedinandhairtiedback.Jewelleryandmakeupareprohibited.●Nounnecessarytalkingispermitted.Allstaffmembersmustbeaddressedrespectfullyas“Sir”or“Miss”.Studentsmustlistencarefullytoinstructionsandaskquestionsbeforeataskbeginsifanythingisunclear.FinalNotesSelectionishighlycompetitive,withsmalldetailsoftendecidingtheoutcome.Disciplineandfulleffortareessential.Candidatesshouldbeboldanddecisivetostandout.Thisisanopportunitytodemonstratebothskillsandcommitment.21.Accordingtothepassage,participantsareexpectedto________.A.performtheirrolesinapublicmatchB.arriveatleast30minutesearlierC.showprofessionalknowledgeandskillsD.askquestionsfreelyduringatask22.WhatcanparticipantslearnfromtheFinalNotes?A.Attitudeismoreimportantthanskills.B.Detailsplayacriticalroleinselection.C.Activeparticipationensuresselection.D.Boldanddecisivecandidateswillstandout.23.Whatisthepurposeofthisannouncement?A.Toadvertisethecourtoftheprogramme.B.Toexplainthetryoutoftheprogramme.C.Topresentthebenefitsoftheprogramme.D.Tooutlinethescheduleoftheprogramme.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍草地网球基金会球童项目招募选拔的时间、标准及相关规则要求。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据AssessmentCriteria部分中的“Fitness:Thiscomponenttestsessentialphysicalqualities,includingspeedandendurance.(体能：该部分测试基本身体素质，包括速度和耐力)”“Skills:Participantsmustdemonstratetheirtechnicalabilityinfeeding,rolling,andreceivingtheball.(技能：参与者必须展示自己在喂球、滚球和接球方面的技术能力)”和“Knowledge:Atheoreticalassessmentwillbebasedonthecontentfrommodules1-8ofthepreparatorymaterial.(知识：理论考核将基于预习材料的1-8模块内容)”可知，参与者需要展现专业的知识和技能。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据FinalNotes部分中的“Selectionishighlycompetitive,withsmalldetailsoftendecidingtheoutcome.(选拔竞争激烈，一些小细节往往会决定结果)”可知，参与者能从最终注意事项中了解到，细节在选拔中起着关键作用。故选B项。【23题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，文章开篇宣布球童项目招募及选拔时间，接着详细列出考核标准、规则指南和最终注意事项，整体都是在阐释该项目的选拔事宜。短文的目的是解释该项目的选拔流程。故选B项。BIwaselevenyearsoldwhenIspottedmyelderlyneighbor,Julie,workinginhergarden.Itwasawarmsun-shinykindofday,andthesmellofcutgrassmademefeellively.Ipoppedmyheadoverthefence,andJulieandIgottalking.“I’veseenyou’reverygoodwithalawnmowerandgardeningtools,”Juliesaid.“There’sahedge(树篱)growingoverthepathwaynearhere.It’sbecomesoovergrown.Iwasplanningtocutitbackmyself.Wouldyouliketohelpout?”Ilovedtheideaofhelpingherandourcommunity.WeagreedtocutthehedgethefollowingSunday.MybrotherJosh,aged8atthetime,alsocamealongtohelpus.WewheeledJulie’sgardenbindowntothehedge,whichthecouncilwereresponsiblefor.Allthreeofustackledawayatituntilwereducedit.Wepostedphotosofourhandiworkonourlocalchattinggroup.Thecommunityreactionwasamazing.Oneperson,awheelchairuser,wassogratefulthattheydidn’thavetogoontheroadanymoretopassthehedge.Thelikesandcommentsmultiplied.Soon,morehandswereraisedtovolunteer,andsmallcommunity-drivenprojectsbegantoquietlytakeroot.Fromplantingflowerstopullingtrolleysoutofrivers…,volunteershavekeptshowinguptobringnewlifetoourtown.Whatusedtolookdullandrun-downnowfeelsbrightandcaredfor.Residentsoftensayhowamazingtheflowerslookeachspring,brighteningupthetown.Tokeeptheprojectsalive,Itooktheinitiativetosecurefundingthroughlocalbusinessesandassociationsandtoapplyforvariousgrants.Theirfinancialsupporthasbeenfruitful,enablingustoacquireeverythingfromnativetreesandplantstoessentialtoolsandequipment.WeevenwonagranttofundtheplantingofQueenappletreesintimeforthePlatinumJubileeCelebration.Astheprojectsgrew,Icreatedadedicatedwebsitepagetokeepeveryoneconnected.Whencommunitymembersplanaclean-up,theycancontactusviathewebsitetoaccessanytoolsandequipmenttheyneedtocompleteaproject.Thetown’spridehasgonedigital,butthespiritbehinditremainswonderfullylocal.I’msopleasedthat,aftermorethansixyears,ourclean-upcampaignisstillinfullswing.Ourmissiontokeepourtownbeautifulwillnotstop.24.Whatmadetheauthorhelpwiththehedge?A.Thecouncil’slackofaction.B.Hisbrother’seagernesstojoinhim.C.Julie’spraiseforhisgardeningskills.D.Awarminvitationfromhisneighbor.25.WhatimpactdidtheauthorandJulie’sactionhaveonthecommunity?A.Itencouragedmoreresidentstovolunteer.B.Itchangedthetown’sappearanceovernight.C.Itinspiredmorepeopletocreatetheirownwebsites.D.Ithelpedraiselargesumsofmoneyforcelebrations.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Caringanddevoted. B.Curiousandhelpful.C.Creativeandsensitive. D.Hard-workingandgrateful.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.Anearneighbourisbetterthanadistantcousin.D.Smalldeedsmakeagreatdifference.【答案】24.D25.A26.A27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者11岁时帮邻居修剪树篱，进而带动社区志愿活动发展，让小镇焕发生机的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中朱莉的话““I’veseenyou’reverygoodwithalawnmowerandgardeningtools,”Juliesaid.“There’sahedge(树篱)growingoverthepathwaynearhere.It’sbecomesoovergrown.Iwasplanningtocutitbackmyself.Wouldyouliketohelpout?”(“我看你很会用割草机和园艺工具，”朱莉说，“这附近的小径边长了一排树篱，已经长得太过茂密了。我本来打算自己动手修剪的，你愿意来帮个忙吗？”）可知，作者是受到邻居朱莉的热情邀请，才去帮忙修剪树篱的。故选D项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Wepostedphotosofourhandiworkonourlocalchattinggroup.Thecommunityreactionwasamazing.Oneperson,awheelchairuser,wassogratefulthattheydidn’thavetogoontheroadanymoretopassthehedge.Thelikesandcommentsmultiplied.Soon,morehandswereraisedtovolunteer,andsmallcommunity-drivenprojectsbegantoquietlytakeroot.(我们在当地的聊天群里发布了我们手工作品的照片。社区的反应是惊人的。一个坐轮椅的人非常感激，因为他们不用再走在路上通过树篱了。点赞和评论成倍增加。很快，更多人举手报名当志愿者，由社区发起的小型项目也悄然落地生根)”可知，作者和朱莉的行为带动了更多居民参与志愿活动。选A项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ilovedtheideaofhelpingherandourcommunity.(我很乐意帮她和我们社区的忙)”可知，作者关心邻居和社区的环境。根据第五段中“Tokeeptheprojectsalive,Itooktheinitiativetosecurefundingthroughlocalbusinessesandassociationsandtoapplyforvariousgrants(为了让这些项目持续下去，我主动牵头，通过当地企业和协会筹集资金，并申请各类补贴)。根据第六段“Icreatedadedicatedwebsitepagetokeepeveryoneconnected(我专门创建了一个网站页面，方便大家保持联系)”可知，作者为了社区项目主动承担责任，付出额外精力，通过搭建线上平台助力志愿活动开展，体现出对社区工作的投入。故选A项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’msopleasedthat,aftermorethansixyears,ourclean-upcampaignisstillinfullswing.Ourmissiontokeepourtownbeautifulwillnotstop.(六年多过去了，我们的清洁整治活动依然开展得如火如荼，我由衷地感到欣慰。我们守护小镇美丽风貌的这份使命，永远不会止步)”可知，文章讲述作者一个小小的助人行为，引发了连锁反应，带动整个社区参与志愿活动，让原本破败的小镇变得焕然一新。这正印证了“小举动，大影响”的道理。故选D项。CCrawlingTrafficFromanairplane,carscrawlingdownthehighwaylooklikeants.Butantssomehowmanagetoavoidthefrustratingstop-and-gotraffic.Researchersarenowstudyingtheseinsects’cooperativetacticstolearnhowtoprogramself-drivingcarsthatdon’tjamup.Thefreeflowoftrafficbecomesunstableasthedensityofcarsincreasesonahighway.At15vehiclespermileperlane,onedrivertappingtheirbrakescantriggerajam.“It’sakindofphasetransition,likewaterturningfromaliquidtoasolidform,”saysKatsuhiroNishinari,amathematicalphysicistattheUniversityofTokyo,whostudiesjammingtransitions.Nishinari’spreviousresearchhadshownthatforaging(觅食)antscanmaintaintheirflowevenathighdensities.Sowhat’stheirsecret?Inarecentstudy,researchersrecordedantsonforagingtrailsandusedtraffic-engineeringmodelstoanalyzetheirmovement.Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjambecausetheytravelingroupsofthreetotwentythatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanother—andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.Humandriversatrushhourhardlyfollowsuchrules.“We’remaximizingtheinterestsofindividuals,whichiswhy,atagivenpoint,youstarttohaveatrafficjam,”saysstudyco-authorNicolaPugno.Butself-drivingcars,iftheyonedaybecomewidespread,couldhavemorecooperativeprogramming.Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstooptimizetrafficflowbyprioritizingconstantspeedsorbynotpassingothersontheroad.Thisvehiclenetworkwouldbeanalogoustoantsonatrail,whichusescenttocoordinatebehaviorwhileinteractingwithoneanother.“Thereisnoleader,butthisorganizationemergesanyway,”saysPinter-Wollman,abehavioralscientiststudyingantsattheUniversityofCalifornia.Andinbothantandvehicletraffic,thistypeofdistributedsystemcanbeverystrongandresilient,Nishinarisays.Still,antscandoalotofthingsthatcars—evenself-drivingones—can’t,Pinter-Wollmanpointsout.Antscanforgetrailsaswideastheylike,unlikedriversstuckonhighways.Theinsectsdosometimesjamupwhenconfinedintunnels,buttokeepthingsmoving,“they’llfindawaytowalkontheceiling,”shesays.Plus,unlikecars,antsdon’tcrash;theycanliterallywalkoveroneanother.Today’sdriverscanlearnatleastonethingfromantstoavoidcausingatrafficjam,Nishinarisays:don’ttailgate.Byleavingroombetweentheircarandtheoneaheadofthem,driverscanabsorbawaveofbrakingindensetrafficconditionsthatwouldotherwisetranslateintoaheavytrafficjam.“Justkeepingaway,”hesays,“canhelptrafficflowsmoothly.”28.Antscanavoidtrafficjamsmainlybecausethey________.A.havealeaderguidingthem B.canadjusttheirtrailwidthC.keepsteadyspeedanddistance D.usescentforcommunication29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Technologyisnomatchforthepowerofnature.B.Beingself-centredisthemajorcauseoftrafficjams.C.Self-drivingcarswillendtrafficjamsontheroadsoon.D.Atrafficjamwilloccurat15vehiclespermileperlane.30.Theunderlinedword“analogous”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.similar B.superior C.essential D.related31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howself-drivingcarsaremanaged. B.Whyantscooperatebetterthanhumans.C.Whatantscanteachusabouttraffic. D.Wheretheproblemwithtrafficlies.【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究人员通过研究蚂蚁规避拥堵的策略，为解决人类交通堵塞问题及优化自动驾驶汽车方案提供思路。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyfoundthattheantsdon’tjambecausetheytravelingroupsofthreetotwentythatmoveatnearlyconstantrateswhilekeepinggooddistancesbetweenoneanother—andtheydon’tspeeduptopassothers.(他们发现，蚂蚁不会出现拥堵是因为它们会以3到20只为一组移动，速度几乎保持恒定，同时彼此间保持合理间距，而且不会加速超车)”可知，蚂蚁能避免拥堵的主要原因是保持稳定的速度和间距。故选C项。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Humandriversatrushhourhardlyfollowsuchrules.“We’remaximizingtheinterestsofindividuals,whichiswhy,atagivenpoint,youstarttohaveatrafficjam,”saysstudyco-authorNicolaPugno.(高峰时段的人类司机几乎不会遵守这样的规则。该研究合著者尼古拉·普尼奥表示：“我们总是追求个人利益最大化，这就是在某个节点会开始出现交通堵塞的原因”）”可知，以自我为中心是造成交通堵塞的主要原因。故选B项。【30题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Inonevisionofthisfuture,autonomousvehicleswouldshareinformationwithnearbycarstooptimizetrafficflowbyprioritizingconstantspeedsorbynotpassingothersontheroad.(在对未来的一种设想中，自动驾驶汽车会与周边车辆共享信息，通过优先保持匀速行驶或不在道路上超车的方式，来优化交通流量)”以及根据第五段中的“Thisvehiclenetworkwouldbeanalogoustoantsonatrail,whichusescenttocoordinatebehaviorwhileinteractingwithoneanother.(这种车辆网络与行进中的蚂蚁analogous，蚂蚁会利用气味在互动过程中协调自身行为)”，(这种车辆网络与行进中的蚂蚁相似。可推测“analogous”的意思是“相似的”。故选A项。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇由蚂蚁不会拥堵的现象引出研究，随后介绍蚂蚁规避拥堵的策略，进而说明该研究对人类交通及自动驾驶汽车的借鉴意义，最后还给出了司机可参考的避堵方法。全文核心是蚂蚁能给人类交通带来的启示。故选C项。第四部分：书面表达（共两节，27分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Asourworldconnectsmorecloselywithdigitallife,theage-oldideaofculturalfestivalshastakenonanexcitingnewform.Technologyisredefiningculturalcelebrationsthroughtheriseofvirtualfestivals.Thesedigitalplatformsnotonlykeptculturalexpressionsaliveduringhardtimesliketheglobalpandemicbutalsoletmorepeoplearoundtheworldjoin,totallychanginghowwefeelconnectedthroughculture.Gonearethedayswhenyouhadtobepresentinpersontotakepartinculturalevents.Now,virtualfestivalsbreakdownvariousgaps—suchasgeographicdistance,economicbarriers,orotherlimitations.Anyonewithinternetcangeta“front-rowseat”.Fromhome,peoplecanenjoydifferentculturalthings:onlinefilmfestivalsshowinginternationalmovies,orVRartshowspresentingdigitalmasterpieces.Theseplatformsoffermanycreativeexperiences,allmakingcultureeasiertoreachandinteractwith.Makingculturalparticipationopentopeoplefromallbackgroundsisjustonekeybenefitofthisdigitalshift.Virtualfestivalsprovideartistswithfreshandinnovativewaystoshowtheirwork.Theyalsoempowerartistsfromlessknownorremoteareastosharetheiruniquetalentswithaglobalaudience.However,themostpreciouspartofin-personculturalevents—thewarm,tangiblefeelingofsharingspecialmomentswithothersfacetoface—iswhatvirtualexperiencesstillstruggletocopy.Byaddinginteractivefeatureslikereal-timeQ&AsessionsandVRgroupmeetings,theytryhardtorecreatethelivelyandenergeticatmosphereoflivegatherings.Butcriticsarguethattheystilllackthemulti-sensoryexperienceofrealfestivals:thedeliciousaromaoffestivalfood,thetactilefeelofhandcraftedartworks,andthepowerfulresonance(共鸣)oflivemusicfillingtheair.Yetvirtualexperienceshavecarvedouttheirownspecialspaceintheculturalworld,wherecreativityhasnophysicalboundaries.Theyholdgreatpromisetoshapethefutureofculturalevents,connectingdiverseglobalaudiencesininclusiveandinnovativewaysanddrawingusclosertogetherwithintheculturalfoldsofoursharedhumanexperience.32.Howistechnologyredefiningculturalcelebrations?____________________________________________________________________________33.Whatarethebenefitsvirtualculturalfestivalsbringtoartists?____________________________________________________________________________34.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Virtualfestivalsallowmorepeopletotakepartinculturalevents,andtheygivevisitorsthesameface-to-facefeelingasrealones.____________________________________________________________________________35.WouldyouliketocelebrateChinesefestivalsvirtuallyorfacetoface?Why?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】32.Itredefinesculturalcelebrationsthroughtheriseofvirtualfestivals,whichkeepculturalexpressionsaliveinhardtimesandallowmorepeopleworldwidetojoin,changinghowwefeelconnectedthroughculture.33.Theyprovideartistswithfreshandinnovativewaystoshowtheirworkandempowerthosefromlessknownorremoteareastoshareuniquetalentswithaglobalaudience.34.Virtualfestivalsallowmorepeopletotakepartinculturalevents,andtheygivevisitorsthesameface-to-facefeelingasrealones.

Becausethemostpreciousface-to-facefeelingofin-personculturaleventsiswhatvirtualexperiencesstillstruggletocopy.35.IprefertocelebrateChinesefestivalsfacetoface.Becauseitcanbringthewarmandtangiblefeelingofsharingspecialmomentswithrelativesandfriends,whichvirtualfestivalscan’tcopy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着数字生活的普及，虚拟节日兴起，技术重新定义了文化庆典，阐述了虚拟文化节日的优势、不足及其在文化领域的独特价值与未来前景。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Technologyisredefiningculturalcelebrationsthroughtheriseofvirtualfestivals.Thesedigitalplatformsnotonlykeptculturalexpressionsaliveduringhardtimesliketheglobalpandemicbutalsoletmorepeoplearoundtheworldjoin,totallychanginghowwefeelconnectedthroughculture.(技术正通过虚拟节日的兴起重新定义文化庆典。这些数字平台不仅在全球疫情等艰难时期让文化表达得以延续，还让世界各地更多的人能够参与其中，彻底改变了我们通过文化产生联结的感受方式)”可知，技术通过虚拟节日的兴起重新定义文化庆典，其方式是虚拟节日这一数字平台既延续了文化表达，又让更多人参与，改变了人们通过文