北京市朝阳区某中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝阳区某中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中英语试题笔试共三部分（100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TherewasatimewhenIwascertainIcouldneverdeeplyloveananimal.Iknowthisis____1____toadmit.InBritain,anindifference(冷漠)topetsisconsideredafaultonone'scharacter.Mywifewasalso____2____surethatshecouldneverdeeplylovemeifIcouldnotloveanimals.Andatthebeginningofthisyear,theriskincreased.Wewereto____3____acatfromafriendwhohadfallenforawomanwhoisallergic(过敏的)tothem.I____4____—butcoldlyenough,Ifelt,tomakeclearthatIwouldnotberesponsibleforthecreature'supkeep.Iwould____5____thecostofcatfood,ofcourse,butlikeastrictVictorianfatherIwouldavoid____6____entanglement(瓜葛)．However,Hopper-well,IhardlyneedtellyouthatHopperdiffersfromothercats.Eightyearsoldbutslimasakitten.Green-eyedandwhite-socked.Entirelyindependentbutinneedofhuman____7____,too,whenthemoodtakesher.LikeIsaid—unique.Theselastfourmonthshave____8____metospendanunexpectedamountoftimewithHopper.Inmymakeshiftoffice,shesleepsbesideme,meowsatmyfeet,orleapsontomyback.Throughthewindow,IwatchHopperstalk(踱方步)throughthelonggrass,____9____meofawilderworldoutside.Everymorningfeedher;everyeveningweplaywithafeatherstucktoastick.Itisour____10____-theonlypartofmytimetablethathasnotbeenspoiledbythecoronavirus(冠状病毒).Withoutthelockdown,wouldIhaverealizedtheeverydayhappinessacatcanbring?1.A.worthwhile B.shameful C.considerate D.practical2.A.fairly B.rarely C.luckily D.normally3.A.lookinto B.searchfor C.complainof D.takeon4.A.agreed B.denied C.explained D.hesitated5.A.share B.save C.reduce D.divide6.A.spiritual B.emotional C.mental D.physical7.A.company B.nature C.power D.trust8.A.promised B.forbidden C.prepared D.allowed9.A.reminding B.warning C.breaking D.informing10.A.burden B.routine C.mistake D.fortune第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Asyoucansee,thereasonwhyI’mheretotellthestoryis___11___Imadetherightdecision.SometimeafterIlefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,it___12___(put)intothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soonafterthat,thewhirlpoolbecamelesswild.Thentheskywasclear,thewindcalmer,andthemoonwasshining.Iwasstilltiedtothebarrel,andthewavessooncarriedmetoanarea___13___theotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame,shehasbecomeascientist___14___workisinternationallyrenowned.In2019,shewasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemost___15___(influence)figuresofscienceinthe20thcenturyalongwithAlbertEinsteinandAlanMathisonTuring.TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina,herability___16___(use)oldwisdomandnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds,___17___(save)millionsoflives.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheScreamwaspaintedbyEdvardMunchin1893.___18___makesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear-thefigure’smouthiswideopenandlettingoutapowerfulscream.Thefigurecovershisorherearsand___19___(look)directlyattheviewer.Thisfigureissetonabridgeaboveadark,stormysea,andagainstaburningorange-redsky.Inhisdiary,Munchtalkedaboutwhatinspiredhim.“I___20___(walk)downtheroadwithtwofriendswhenthesunset;suddenlytheskyturnedasredasblood...Istoodthereshaking.ThenIheardthescreamofnature.”第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFREEFAMILYDAYPASSNationalTrustLookingfortheperfectdayoutthisMarch?Whetheryoulovepeacefulwoodlandwalks,birdwatching,ordiscoveringnewplacessurroundedbynature,theNationalTrusthassomethingforeveryone.Thankstothisincredibleoffer,youcanenjoyaFREEvisittoaNationalTrustpropertyofyourchoice.Itwillgiveyoutheperfectexcusetogatheryourlovedonesandexplorethegreatoutdoors.Startyouryearbyreconnectingwithnatureandmakingunforgettablememorieswithfamilyandfriends.Don’tmissoutonthiswonderfulopportunitytoexperiencethebeautyofNationalTrustsites—completelyfree!HOWTOCLAIMCutoutthevoucher(代金券)belowandpresentatyourchosenNationalTrustlocation.SomeNationalTrustpropertiesrequireadvancebooking,pleasecheckthepropertywebsiteforfulldetails.Certainplacesareexcluded(排除在外)fromthispromotion,detailscanbefoundatreachforms.co.uk/nationaltrustpass.FREENationalTrustFAMILYPASS1.Thispassissingleuseandiseffectiveoncefromthedateofissuethroughto31December,2025inclusive.2.ThispassallowsfreeadmissionatparticipatingNationalTrustplacesfor2adultsandupto3children,or1adultandupto4children.Adultsareaged18orover;childrenareagedunder17inclusive.3.Thispassisforstandardadmissiononlyandexcludesparking,groupentity,paidtransport,andanypaidevents.4.ThispassiseffectiveatparticipatingNationalTrustplaceswithinadvertisedopeninghours.Openinghoursmaybesubjecttochangeatanytimeandshouldbecheckedat.uk.5.Presentthispasstoreceivefreeadmissionatparticipatingplaces.Passholderswhocannotpresentthepass,orvisitanexcludedplace,willbechargedthefulladmissionprice.6.Onlyonepassperhouseholdwillbepermitted.21.WhatcanpeopleenjoywiththeNationalTrust’soffer?A.Anoutdooractivityclosetonature.B.Abirdwatchingphotographycourse.C.Anexplorationtonationalmuseums.D.Avisittoatreasure-themedexhibition.22.Onecangetfreeadmissionby________.A.purchasingadigitalpassonawebsiteB.showingthevoucherattheselectedsiteC.submittinganapplicationonthewebsiteD.joiningasamemberoftheNationalTrust23.Accordingtothepassage,thepass________.A.allowsfreeentryforasix-personfamilyB.includesfreetransportandparkingC.islimitedtooneperhouseholdD.canbeusedmorethanonceBForyears,RobynElman,anatureadvocate,hasbeenpassionatelyraisingtheendangeredmonarchbutterfliesinthecozycornerofherbackyard.Shecollectsthebutterflyeggsfromthemilkweedplants—theonlyfoodforthesedelicatecreatures—alongsidethehighways.Eachtimeshegoesonherjourneytothehighways,shehopestheselittleeggs,whichareaspreciousashiddentreasures,willhatch(孵化)intomanybeautifulcreatures.Theywillslowlymakethegroupwhichisgettingsmallergraduallybreathenewlife.Butrealitydestroyedherhopeslastyear.Insteadofbeinggreetedbythegreenmilkweedplants,shewasmetwiththedesolatesightofmowedstubs(修剪过的草茬)anddestroyedeggs.Themilkweedplantshadbeencutdown,andallleftwereshortstubs.Shefeltadeepsenseofloss.“Istherereallynohopeforthesedelicate,flyingcreatures?”shewhisperedtoherself,herheartasheavyasabigpieceoflead.Evenaspainconsumedher,Robynremaineddetermined.Sheteamedupwithothernaturelovers.TheyreachedouttoFrankConiglio,thecity’sdirectorofhighwaymaintenance,urginghimtocutthebutterfliesabreak.Atfirst,Frankwasdoubtful.Hethought,“Howimportantcanthisbe?Whatdifferencewillitmake?It’sjustsomebutterfliesandplants.”ButasRobynandherfriendspouredouttheirworries,andkeptexplainingtheimportanceoftheissue,Frankbegantounderstand.Hefinallyrealised,“Whathappenstothebutterfliesisgoingtohappentous,isn’tit?”,asifalightbulbhadsuddenlyswitchedoninhismind.Frankwenttoworkonstudyingmoreaboutmonarchbutterflies,andfinallyhesupportedtheircause,andtookdecisiveaction.Hestoppedmowingincertainareas,drawinganinvisiblelineofprotection.Sofar,around20patchesofmilkweedplants,likeoasesintheurbandesert,havebeenprotectedacrossthecity.“We’remakingarealdifference,”Franksaidproudly.Thankstotheircombinedefforts,themonarchbutterfliesnowhaveabrighterfuture,andthecity’secosystemisonthepathtopositivetransformation24.Asanatureadvocate,RobynElman________.A.growssomemilkweedinherbackyard B.raisesbutterfliesalongsidethehighwayC.studiesmilkweedandprovesthemvaluable D.collectsbutterflyeggsandhatchesthem25.HowdidRobynfeeluponseeingthemowedstubs?A.Upsetanddisappointed. B.Angryandannoyed.C.Embarrassedandashamed. D.Terrifiedandconfused.26.WhatdidFrankdotohelpprotectthemonarchbutterflies?A.Heraisedtheawarenessofthepublic. B.Heprotectedmilkweedincertainareas.C.Hestudiedthelocalnaturalecosystem. D.Hemovedthebutterfliestoasafeplace.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Wildlifeconservationtakesabackseattourbandevelopment.B.Governmentpoliciesplayamainroleinwildlifeconservation.C.Commitmentandcooperationcausepositiveecologicaloutcomes.D.Thedamageofhabitatshaslong-termimpactontheecosystem.CWhenpeopleviewphotographsoffrighteningspiders,scientistsusuallyobserveincreasedelectricalactivitydeepintheirbrain,inaregioncalledtheperiaqueductalgray(PAG).TheobviousconclusionisthatthePAGcontrolsfight-or-flightresponsesinthreateningsituations.Butwhatifbrainsdon’thavededicatedcircuitsforfightingandflighting?Isthreatdetectionreallyaprimarymodeofthebrainwithitsownneuralcircuitry(神经回路)?Thisideaoffight-or-flightcircuitsoriginatesfromthe“triunebrain”modeldividingbrainsintotheso-calledlizardbrain,includingthePAG,forsurvivalfunctions,the“limbicsystem”foremotions,andthe“neocortex”forhigher-orderreasoning.Ifyouknowanythingaboutevolution,youmightknowthatsomethingisspurious.Theonlyanimalonthisplanetwithalizardbrainisalizard.Also,there’snounifiedlimbic“system”orthe“neocortex”foremotionsorrationality(理性)respectively.Sowheredoesthisleavethefight-or-flightstory?Recently,changesinPAGactivityhavebeenobservedinnonthreateningtasks,suchasreadingafascinatingarticleaboutthebrain.ThePAGhasalsobeenprovedtoregulatebodilysystemscontinuously.Incidentally,thisexplainswhyantianxietymedicationsmanageanxietydisorderswithouthealingthem.Theytargetbraincircuitsthataren’tdedicatedtoanxietyorfight-or-flightbutthatsimplyregulatethebody.Researchesonthebrain’spowersalsocastnewlightonourunderstandings.Indailylife,individualsmightfeelliketheyperceiveandreacttovariousstimuliaseitherthreateningorsafe.Actually,thebrain,usingpastexperiences,skillfullypredictsandformulatesactionplansinanticipationofeventsbeforestimulioccur.Thebrain’spreparatorymechanism,metabolically(新陈代谢地)expensive,involvescomplicatedneuronalactivitiesforsustainingmultiplepredictionsandcorrespondingactionplansoverextendedperiods.Buttheexperiencesinfight-or-flightresponsescraftedbyyourbraindon’trevealhowitworks.Moreover,yourbrain,whichdoesmuchmorethanavoidthreats,handlesacomplexsocialworldfullofuncertainty.That’sarecipeforstress.Andwhatisstress?Itreflectsenergypreparationforanticipatedchallenges.Yourbrainoftenmakessenseofmetaboliccostofuncertainty,ifitdragsonforlongenough,asanxiety,butthat’snotamust.Peopleseekuncertaintyout—anditspositivecousin,novelty—whentheytrynewfoodsorlearnnewskills.Uncertaintyiscommon,butthesedays,withsocialmediaandround-the-clocknewscoverage,itsometimesbombardsusandleavesusanxiousandexhausted.Butthesefeelingsdon’temergefromfight-or-flightcircuits.Theymayjustmean,inaneverchangingandonlypartlypredictableworld,thatyou’redoingsomethinghard.28.TheauthorasksthequestionsinParagraph1to________.A.evaluateastatement B.justifyanassumptionC.challengeanargument D.introduceanewconcept29.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“spurious”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Rare. B.Wrong. C.Limited. D.Unexpected.30.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Huntingfornoveltyreducesstressandanxiety.B.MedicinetargetingPAGcuresanxietydisorders.C.Uncertaintyisaproductofmodernmediaandnewscycles.D.The“FightorFlight”ideaoverlooksthebrain’spredictivepower.DInthefieldwherephilosophyandneuroscienceoverlap,fewquestionshavefascinatedandconfusedhumanityasdeeplyastheconceptoffreewill.Atfirstglance,theideathatwehavethepowertomakechoicesthatarenotpredeterminedseemsintuitive(直觉的).However,acloserexaminationrevealsacomplexwebofphilosophicalargumentsandscientificfindingsthatchallengethisseeminglystraightforwardconcept.Fromaphilosophicalstandpoint,thedebatearoundfreewillhascontinuedintenselyforcenturies.Compatibilistsarguefreewillcancoexistwithdeterminism,aslongasouractionsarearesultofourowndesiresandmotivations.Forexample,choosingamusiccareeroutofpassionisconsideredasafreechoicewithinthisframework.Incontrast,incompatibilistsmaintainfreewillanddeterminismaremutuallyexclusive.Harddeterministsviewtheuniverseasaclosedsystemgovernedbystrictlawsofnature,whereeveryevent,includinghumanactions,ispredetermined.Inthisview,theideaoffreewillisanillusion(幻觉).Neurosciencehasadvancedmarkedlyindecodingthebrain,revealingthatmanyactionsarepreceded(先于)byneuralactivity.Studiesonthebrain’srewardsystemandneurotransmitters,particularlydopamine(多巴胺),furtherchallengethenatureoffreewill.Addictivebehaviors,forinstance,canbestronglyinfluencedbythebrain’sresponsetodopamine.Apersonstrugglingwithaddictionmayfeeltheylackthefreewilltoresistit.Astheirbrainchemistryhasbeenalteredinawaythatforcesthemintoacting.Thescientificevidenceisnotconclusive,though.Somearguethattheneuralactivityobservedbeforeconsciousdecisionsmaynotbethecauseoftheactionbutratherpartofthepreparatoryprocessforadecisionthatisstillfreelymade.Additionally,thecomplexityofthehumanbrainandthefactthatmuchofitsfunctioningisstillnotfullyunderstoodleaveroomforthepossibilityoffreewill.Iffreewillisanillusion,itchallengesourfundamentalnotionsofmoralresponsibility.Wepraiseandblamepeoplefortheiractionsbecausewebelievetheycouldhaveacteddifferently.Howcanweholdindividualsaccountablefortheiractionsiftheywerenevertrulyfreetochooseotherwise?Withoutfreewill,theessentialmoralframeworkofoursocietieswouldcollapseintochaoticindifference.Freewillisonlyanillusionifyouare,too.31.Whichofthefollowingsituationsreflectsthecompatibilists’view?A.Drivenbydopamine,Ikeepcheckinghissocialmedia.B.Lucyspeaksfirstafterbeingrandomlyselectedbysoftware.C.Jerryshiftsbetweencompaniesofsharedbikesbasedondiscounts.D.Exposedtoasuddenblindinglight,Lilyquicklyshutshereyes.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thealteredbrainchemistryenhancesfreewill.B.Consciousdecisionsareindependentofneuralactivities.C.Harddeterministsseefreewillvitaltomoralaccountability.D.Neuroscientists’viewsonthecausesofhumanactionsdiffer.33.Asfortheexistenceoffreewill,theauthoris________.A.positive B.disapproving C.neutral D.doubtful34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DoesNeuroscienceThreatenFreeWill? B.ExplorationintotheComplexityofFreeWillC.WhytheargumentsAgainstFreeWillFail D.FreeWill:BridgingNeuroscienceandPhilosophy第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Expertshavewarnedthatanobsession(痴迷)withhealthyeatingcancausementalhealthproblems.Asurveyamongmentalhealthprofessionalsfound90%ofthosesurveyed,likeinpreviousresearch,hadseenpatientswithorthorexianervosa(ON).____35____Thesurveyfoundsomepatientscutoutfoodslikefish,meatordairy,consideringthem“unclean”.Theirfixationon“pure”foodsleadstodeficiencies(缺陷)likeiron-deficiencyanaemiaorvitaminB12deficiency.Forexample,DrNiketSonpalfoundthathispatientsdidn’tconsumeenoughcalories,minerals,proteinorcarbohydrates.Somepatientsevencutoutentirefoodgroupsafterthebigdinnersofholidays.____36____ThetermONwascoinedin1997byDr.StevenBratman.Henoticedpatients’extremedietscausedmalnutrition,anxiety,andevendeath.____37____Itposesasignificantchallenge.Healthcareprovidersmaynotbetrainedtospotthesignseasily,andpatientsmightnotbeawaretheireatinghabits.Asaresult,diagnosisandtreatmentaredelayed.____38____HealthcareprovidersneedtobeattentivetoidentifyanddealwithONinpatients,providingsupportsuchasnutritionaladvice,psychologicalaid,anddiet-diversityeducation.Thepublicneedstoknowtherisksofoverlystricteating.____39____Truewell-beingcomesfromahealthyrelationshipwithfood,notanobsessionwith“clean”eating.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanpreventmentalhealthissuescausedbyfixatingonhealthyeatingandpromoteaculturewherefoodbringsbothnourishmentandjoy.A.Despiteitsrisks,ONisn’tofficiallyrecognisedasaneatingdisorder.B.Someonlinehealthcommunitiesprovidesomeself-treatmentmethods.C.ONpatientsshoweddoubleddepressionratescomparedtonon-sufferers.D.Mediaandsocialplatformscanpromoteamorerealisticviewofnutrition.E.Hence,expertswarnedthatahealthydietshouldnotsimplybeseenasasourceofrestriction.F.Inlightofthefindings,themedicalcommunityandthepublicshouldtakeabalancedviewonhealthyeating.G.Basically,orthorexiaisafixationoneatingonlyhealthyorpurefoods,orwhatanindividualperceivesashealthyorpure.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Inthedigitalage,technologyistransforminghowwecommunicateandinteract.Whatwereoncescience-fictiontechideasarenowreality.Inthe2002filmMinorityReport,JohnAndertonusedadataglove,andnowtouch-basedcomputingiscommon.Similargaminginteractionmethodshaveappearedsince2006.Thesearejustatasteofwhat’stocome.MITcomputerscientistThomasKofflerpredictedthatvirtualtouch-basedcomputingisthefutureofhuman-computerinterfaces.Healsosuggestedthatanevenmoreexcitingareaofresearch,onethatwilltransformhowwecommunicatewithcomputersoverthelongerterm,isso-calledbrain-computerinterface(BCI).Today’sresearchonBCIworksonarelatedidea:thebrainmakesuseofelectricalsignals,anelectricalcode,tosendandprocessinformation.Asthebrainrunsonelectricalsignals,assumingthesecanbeaccuratelyread,thesignalsthusallowustocommunicatewithexternaldevicesthroughthetransmissionofelectricalimpulses(脉冲)directlyfromthebrain.Intheory,itshouldbepossibletousebrainsignalsthatmoveyourarmandhandtocontrolaroboticarm,e.g.,topickupaco