北京汇文中学教育集团2026-2027学年度第一学期高三年级适应性测试(一) 英语（含答案）

北京汇文中学教育集团2026-2027学年度第一学期高三年级适应性测试(一)英语一、完形填空Afterwinningamillioneuros,awomanmistakenlytossedtheluckylotteryticketintoatrashbin.ButthelocalsanitationcompanyinsouthernItaly___1____anhours-longsearchthroughanentiretruckoftrash.WastemanagementcompanySANBadministratorRobertoNicolaToscanotoldAFPnewsagencythattheticketwasfound“miraculouslystillinonepiece”.Thestorybeginswithasimplemisunderstanding.Whenthewomanwenttoredeem(兑现)herticketatthemachineinsideherlocaltobacconist,shedidsowithoutcheckingthenumbers.Ittoldherthattheticketwas“non-payable”.“Funnyandalmosttragicenough,thiscanmeanoneoftwothings:eithertherearenowinningsontheticket,orthewinningsaretoo___2____toberedeemedbythesmallshop.”Thewoman___3____theticketawaythinkingitwastheformercase,butafamilymembernoticedthewinningnumbersweretheonesshealways___4____—associatedastheywerewithalovedone—andcalledhertoaskifshe'dboughtaticket.Realizinghermistake,the___5____rushedtotheshoponlytobetoldthatthetrashhadalreadybeen___6____.Theyreceivedthewoman’sfranticphonecallandToscanobegantotryandreconstructtheticket’s___7____.Believingthey’didentifiedwhereitmightbe___8____,thetruckinquestionwastransferredtoaspecialstationequippedwithsafetymeasurestoprotectsanitationworkersfrompotentiallydangerousmaterialinsidethetrash.Aftersearchingforawholeday,thestaff___9____thetickettothewoman’stearfuldelight.GermannewsoutletDWquotedToscanoastellingCorrieredellaSerathat“professionalism,organization,andagreatdealofluckmadethemomenthappen”,andthattheaddedcosttotaxpayersofthesearchwouldbecoveredasanofferedcourtesyoftheluckywinner.It’sadoublestrokeofluck,andaremindernevertogiveupsearchingforyourlost___10___.1. A.launched B.conveyed C.invested D.consulted2. A.expensive B.complicated C.substantial D.primitive3. A.released B.gave C.put D.threw4. A.imagined B.played C.hit D.seized5. A.couple B.relative C.family D.pair6. A.takenaway B.turneddown C.shavedoff D.burntout7. A.cue B.journey C.imagery D.value8. A.crushed B.disposed C.hidden D.assigned9. A.recovered B.returned C.restored D.refreshed10. A.fits B.footprints C.commitments D.possessions二、语法填空Tibetanantelopesareverygracefulanimals,whichliveontheplainsofXizang,Xinjiang,andQinghai.Theywereindangerbecausemanyofthemwerehuntedillegallyfortheirvaluablefur.Theirpopulation___11___(drop)morethan50percentbetweenthe1980sand1990s.Inordertosavethisspeciesfrom___12___(die),theChinesegovernmentplaceditundernationalprotectionandsincethensomeeffectivemeasures___13___(take).InJune2021,theTibetanantelope___14___(remove)fromtheendangeredspecieslistthankstoitsincreasingpopulation.However,thegovernmentcontinuestheprotectionprogrammesbecausethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.TomJacksonspenthisfirstSpringFestivalwithhishostfamily.Aweekbeforethefestival,preparations___15___(make).Thehousewascleanedfromtoptobottom.MrsChen,Tom'shostmother,saidthiswas___16___(sweep)awaythedirtofthepastyearandgetreadyforthenewyear.ShealsoattachedtheChinesecharacterFuupsidedown___17___thefrontdoortowelcomehappiness.TomalsolearntthatinthepastyearlettingofffireworkswastoscareawaythemonsterNian.Itcanbeabigchallengetofindandkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.However,bigchallengescansometimesleadtogreatsolutions.WhentheEgyptiangovernmentsuggested___18___(build)theAswanDam,they___19___(face)withvariousproblems,includingtherisksofdestroyinganimportantpartofEgypt'sculturalheritage.Asaresult,thegovernmentturnedtotheUNforhelpin1959.Acommittee___20___(establish)tolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.Whentheprojectwascompleted,itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.三、阅读理解ASoFiStadiumEventsThisMonthSoFiStadiumisthego-todestinationintheheartofLosAngelesforsportsfans.Itscalendarisalwayspackedwithheadline-grabbingevents.UpcomingFootballEventsLosAngelesRamsvDallasCowboysSaturday,August9

4:00PMLosAngelesChargersvNewOrleansSaintsSunday,August10

5:00PMLosAngelesChargersvLosAngelesRamsSaturday,August16

4:00PMLosAngelesRamsvHoustonTexansSunday,August24

1:25PMNearbyHotelsWhenattendinganeventatSoFiStadium,you’rejustashortwalkorridefromseveralcomfortableandclassyhotels.Rightacrossthestreet,SonderLümHoteloffersspaciousroomsandarooftoppool.Amileaway,theHHotelLosAngeles,withitsstylishdesign,isidealforanicestaybetweenevents.Forthoseseekingbothcomfortandconvenience,theRenaissanceLosAngelesAirportHotelisjustashortdriveaway.Ifyou’rewillingtodrivealittlefurther,theRitz-CarltonLosAngelespromisesluxuriousroomsandextensiveleisurefacilities—perfectforturningagamedayintoagreatweekendescape.ParkingSoFiStadiumrequiresyoutoparkstrictlyinyourassignedzone,andguestsmustenterthroughtheexactgateindicatedontheircolor-codeddigitalparkingpass.Ifyouenterthroughthewrongaccesspoint,you’llbeturnedaroundandredirected—soplanahead.Eachparkingzoneconsistsofmultiplelots,designedtoefficientlymanagetrafficacrossthevenue’snetwork.Makesuretodownloadyourparkingpasstoyoursmartphonebeforearrival.Uponenteringthecorrectzone,parkingstaffwillguideyoudirectlytoaspace.Forthosewishingtoparknearfriends,allvehiclesmusthavepassesforthesamezoneandarrivetogether—spacescannotbesaved.21.Whichteamwillplaythemostgamesatthestadiumthismonth?A.DallasCowboys. B.LosAngelesRams.C.LosAngelesChargers. D.NewOrleansSaints.22.Whichhotelisnearesttothestadium?A.SonderLümHotel. B.TheRitz-CarltonLosAngeles.C.TheHHotelLosAngeles. D.TheRenaissanceLosAngelesAirportHotel.23.Whatdoyouneedtodoifyouwanttoparkatthestadium?A.Calltheparkingstaff. B.Prepaytheparkingfee.C.Obtainaparkingpass. D.Chooseaparkingzone.BInearly2023,IembarkedonavoyagetotheGalápagosIslands.ItwasonFloreanaIsland’swindsweptshorethatIencounteredaweatheredwhiskybarrel—thelegendaryPostOfficeBaymailbox.Itwasfirstusedbysailorsin1793tosendmailbackhome:theywouldleavealetterandtakeanyaddressedtotheirnextportofcalltodeliverthembyhand.It’sstillusedbytourists.Peoplewillleavealetterandtakeonethattheyareabletohand-delivertotheirnextdestination.Thebarrelwasfullwithpostcardswaitingfordelivery.Itookacouplehomeanddeliveredthemwithdelight:onetoateacherfromherpupil,andanotherfromagirltoherboyfriend.Therecipientswereincrediblygrateful.Weekslater,Icouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheletters.ThenIthoughtwhatifIspentayeardeliveringmorelettersfromthatpostbox?IrealisedIcouldkeepmyremotejob,andatthesametimetraveltheworlddeliveringpost,usingairmiles-andworkingalongtheway.ByMarch2024,IreturnedtoGalápagosIpickedout55lettersandpostcardsthatcoveredalargegeographicarea.Iaimedtodeliveroneaweek,coveringatleast52countriesandspanningallsevencontinents.I’m52andveryoutgoing,butI’mawarethatnowadayspeoplearecautiousofspeakingtooneanother.Deliveryletternumber50,inBergen,Norway,Ialmostgotarrested.Theladywhoansweredthedoordidn’tbelievemystoryandmistookmyselfiestickforaweapon,soshecalledthepolice.IhadtoshowtheofficersmyGPSlocationhistorytoprovewhatIwasdoing,andweallendeduplaughingtogether.Myfavouritedeliverywaslettereight,inMexicoCity,fromadaughtertohermother,thankingherforlettingherfollowherdreams.Themotherhadbeenveryill,andherdaughterwantedtocomehomefromhertravelstolookafterher,butsheinsistedherdaughtershouldcontinuewithhertrip.I’mstillintouchwithbothofthem.WhenIfinishedmychallengeinMarchthisyear,IheldapartyinLondonandinvitedeveryoneI’dmetalongtheway.Peoplecamefromallovertheworld.Iwassotouchedandhumbled.I’vemadefriendsforlife.24.HowwasmaildeliveredatPostOfficeBayinthe18thcentury?A.Byregularlocalmessengers. B.Bysailorsstationedontheislands.C.Byprivatepostalserviceontheislands. D.Byhand-deliverytothenextdestination.25.TheauthordecidedtoreturntoGalapagosbecauseshe________.A.wasassignedtohandlesomeremoteworkB.wasconcernedaboutthedeliveryofthelettersC.intendedtouseherairmilesbeforethedeadlineD.wantedtocheckthelettersinthedesertedbarrel26.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthoraccordingtothepassage?A.Positiveandcurious. B.Determinedandcaring.C.Passionatebutserious. D.Bravebutintroverted.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Newbondsgrowoutofthetraditionalpractices.B.Lettersholdmagicalpowerinthemodernworld.C.Eachindividualisthearchitectoftheirownsuccess.D.Smallactsofkindnessbringhugeemotionalrewards.CInlinewithlongstandinginitiativestoexpanditsgreenspaces,NewYorkCityisplantingtensofthousandsoftreeseachyear.Theyprovideshade,lowersurfacetemperatures,absorbasurprisingamountofairbornecarbon,removetinypollutants,andprovidewildlifehabitatalongwithjustplainbeauty.Somethingcouldgowrong,though,accordingtoanewstudy.Oaksandsweetgums,whichcurrentlyaccountforamajorityofthecity’strees,producehugeamountsofachemicalsubstancecalledisoprene.Harmlessbyitself,isopreneinteractsrapidlywithpollutingnitrogenoxidesreleasedbyvehicles,buildingsandindustrytoformground-levelozone(臭氧)—amajorfactorinmanybreathingproblems.Theresearch,carriedoutbyscientistsattheColumbiaClimateSchoolandotherinstitutions,foundthatifthecitymaintainspastspeciespatternsinnewplantings,isopreneproductioninManhattanincomingdecadeswillgoupbyabout140%,andresultingsummerozonelevelsasmuchas30%.“We’reallforplantingmoretrees.Theybringsomanygoodthings,”saidstudycoauthorRóisínCommane.“Butifwe’renotcareful,wecouldmakeairqualityworse.”TheParksDepartmentisnotoblivioustotheissue.Astudycarriedoutbysomeofitsresearchersseveralyearsagoconcludedthatcitytreesdidreleaseisoprene.“Wedidn’tmakeabigdealofthat,”saidNovemAuyeung,aParksDepartmentseniorscientist.Shesaidtreesshouldnotbeviewedastheenemy.“Wecouldplantanytreeswewantto,ifwejustrethinkourcar-centriclifestyle,”shesaid.“We’renotgoingtogocuttingdownanybigoldoaks,”andneitherwillthedepartmentcompletelystopplantingnewones,saidAuyeung.“Youhavetothinkaboutwhatyouwouldloseifyoudothat.”Oaksarekeystonespecies,shepointedout,providingfoodandhabitatfornativeinsects,birdsandotheranimals.28.Whatdoesthenewstudyimplyregardingoaksandsweetgums?A.Theyaffectthegrowthofothertrees. B.Theyabsorblesscarbonthanexpected.C.Theyharmpeople’shealthindirectly. D.Theyraisethelocaltemperatureslowly.29.WhichofthefollowingmayCommanesuggestbasedontheirstudy?A.Cuttingdowntheisoprene-producingtrees. B.Suspendingtree-plantingforafewdecades.C.Changingthespeciesoftreesinnewplantings.D.Removingisoprenereleasedbyexistingtrees.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“obliviousto”inparagraph5mean?A.Honestabout. B.Unawareof. C.Relatedto. D.Optimisticabout.31.WhatwouldAuyeungprobablyadvocate?A.Reducingcaruseindailylife. B.Providinganimalswithnewhabitats.C.Controllingpopulationgrowth. D.Doingmoreresearchontheproblem.DRootedinthermodynamics,entropy(熵)representsthemeasureofdisorderinasystem,andlocalentropyreduction,conversely,signifiesthetemporarycreationoforderwithinasubsystem,whileincreasingentropyinitssurroundings.Thisconceptdoesnotchallengebutoperateswithinourfundamentalunderstandingoftheuniverse’stendencytowardsglobalentropyincrease,anditsimplicationsstretchfarbeyondthefieldofphysics.Inthebiologicalworld,livingorganismsareremarkableexamplesofsystemsthatactivelymaintainlocalentropyreductionasopensystems.Fromthesimplestsingle-celledorganismstocomplexhumanbeings,lifemaintainslocalorderbyconsumingenergyfromitsenvironment,whileinevitablyincreasingthetotalentropyofthesystemandsurroundings.Cellsorganizemoleculesintocertainstructures,organismsgrowanddevelopinastructuredmanner-alltheseprocessesrequiretheintakeofenergy,whichisthenusedtocreateandmaintainorderwhileincreasingentropyinthesurroundingenvironment.Forinstance,plantsconvert(转换)lessthan1%ofabsorbedsunlightthroughphotosynthesisintochemicalenergytobuildcomplexorganicmolecules,whilemostenergyislostasheat,increasingenvironmentalentropy.Onasocietallevel,humansocietiesmetaphoricallymimicentropyreductionbycreatingorganizationalstructuresthroughvariousmeans,suchaslaws,institutions,andculturalnorms.Theseelementsactasforcesthatcounteractthechaosofindividualdesiresandactions,bringingaboutasenseofstabilityandpredictability.Education,forexample,isapowerfultoolfororganizingsociety.Ithelpsindividualsstructuretheirthoughts,developdecision-makingabilities,andcontributetotheoverallorderandprogressofthecommunity.Intechnology,thepursuitoforderdrivesinnovation.Engineersandscientistsconstantlyseektocreatesystemsthatimproveenergyefficiency,butallman-madesystemsultimatelyincreaseglobalentropythroughwasteheatandresourceconsumption.Fromthedevelopmentofadvancedcomputeralgorithmsthatcansortandprocessvastamountsofdatatothedesignofsustainableenergysystemsthatconvertlow-gradeenergyintousableforms,eachtechnologicaladvancementrepresentsasteptowardsgreaterpracticalorganization,aswetransformrawmaterialsandcomplexinformationintousefulproductsandmeaningfulknowledge.However,theconceptoflocalentropyreductionalsoraisesquestions.Whilethecreationoforderisessential,therearelimitstohowmuchlocalentropyreductioncanbeachieved.Alllocalordermustbepaidforbygreaterdisorderelsewhere,asrequiredbythesecondlawofthermodynamics.Moreover,thepursuitoflocalorderoftencomesatacost.Inoureffortstocreatestructure,wemaydepleteresources,disruptnaturalecosystems,andgeneratenewformsofdisorderelsewhere.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Livingorganismscreateorderbyreleasingenergy.B.Localentropyreductionfollowstheuniverse’strend.C.Newtechnologieshelpreduceglobalentropyincrease.D.Creatinglocalordercausesgreaterdisorderelsewhere.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslocalentropyreduction?A.Sceptical. B.Cautious. C.Critical. D.Indifferent.34.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.OrderinBiology,Society,andTechnology:AComprehensiveAnalysisB.TheRoleofEntropyinShapingOrder:FromPhysicstoOurDailyLifeC.LocalOrderinaDisorderedWorld:EntropyBeyondtheFieldofPhysicsD.TheConflictbetweenLocalandGlobalEntropy:AFuturisticPerspectiveE七选五Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.___35___Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.___36___Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.___37___Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.___38___Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.___39___Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.F阅读简答“Whatif…?”thinkingisanytimeyoutrytoguessthefutureoutcomeofanactionyoutake.Forexample,“Iwanttoaskforapayraisebutwhatif…?”Yourmindthenfillsintheblankwithmanyalternatescenarios,almostallofthemnegative.It’sapowerfulcombinationoffocusingonthenegativeandtheunrealistic.Itcausesyoutosufferthrougheventsthatmaynotevenhappenasyoutrytopredictthefutureandworkouthowyou’llcopewithallthesepossible(yetunlikely)scenarios.Buttheabsoluteworstthingabout“whatif…”thinkingthough,isthatittriestoconvinceyouit’shelping.Youtellyourselfthatyou’rejustpreparingyourself,you’reprotectingyourself.But“whatif…”thinkingrarelyleadstotakingpractical,preventativeactions.Instead,youtortureyourselfbyimaginingallsortsofterribleoutcomes,allinthenameofbeing“prepared”,theideaofwhichiscapturedbeautifullybythisquote:“Donotbefooledby‘whatif…’thinking!Youarenotafortuneteller.Evenifyouwere,mentallyrehearsinghowyou’llcopewithanegativeoutcomehaslimitedusefulness.You’remuchbetteroffjustcopingwiththesituationoncewhenithappens.”Bytorturingyourselfimaginingallthepossiblebadthingsthatcouldhappen,youenduplivingthroughallthesehorriblepossibilitiesthatyoudon’thaveto.Evenifyoudogetitright,andoneofthenegativescenariosistheoutcome,you’reunlikelytorememberyourwell-rehearsedcomebackorsafetystrategyintheheatofthemoment.Anotherseparateproblemwith“whatif…?”thinkingisthatitmakesyousofearfulofallthesepotentiallyhideousoutcomesthatitstopsyoufromactuallylivingthroughthesituation,ifyoucanatallavoidit.Bystoppingyourselffromacting,notonlydoyoucutoffthepotentialbenefitsofactuallyasking,butyoualsocutofftheopportunitytoseethatyourpredictionswerewrong—becauseyoudon’ttestthemoutbyenteringthesituationregardless.Unchallengedlikethis,“Whatif…”thinkingseemslikeitactuallyprotectsyouandseemsevenmore“helpful”nexttimearound.Onceyou’vedecidedonacourseofaction,“whatif…”hasgotmuchlouderandsoonwillstopyoufromtakingaction.Iliketonotgivethemanopportunity.Onceyou’vemadeadecision,forceyourownhand:makethephonecallstraightaway,enrollandpayforthecourse,makeanappointmentinyourcalendar,etc.beforeyourfearsandnegativityevengetachancetogetupoffthecouch.40.Whatis“whatif…”thinking?41.Whatistheabsoluteworstthingabout“whatif…”thinking?42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwh