德勤 -2026 年德勤假日零售调查报告 2026 Deloitte Holiday Retail Survey_第1页
德勤 -2026 年德勤假日零售调查报告 2026 Deloitte Holiday Retail Survey_第2页
德勤 -2026 年德勤假日零售调查报告 2026 Deloitte Holiday Retail Survey_第3页
德勤 -2026 年德勤假日零售调查报告 2026 Deloitte Holiday Retail Survey_第4页
德勤 -2026 年德勤假日零售调查报告 2026 Deloitte Holiday Retail Survey_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩41页未读, 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

Deloitte.

Insights

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey

Balancingbudgetsandkeepingspiritsbright

Executivesummary

Thisholidayseason,whichmarksour41styearofcoveringholidaytrends,shoppersseemdeterminedtokeepspiritsbright,evenwhilewatchingeverydollar.Betweentravelandoutings,festiveapparel,andspiffingupseasonaldécor,theholidaytabcanaddupfast—allbeforeasinglegiftgetswrapped.

Averagehouseholdspendisexpectedtoincreaseto$1,654,up4%YoY,as79%ofrespondentsbelievehigherpricesareintheirfuture.Assuch,thevaluehuntisverymuchon.Nearly4in10shoppersqualifyasholidayvalueseekerswhoshoppromotions,redeemrewards,andlooktoprivatelabelandothervaluealternativestomakegiftpurchasesfeelworththeprice.Yettheseshoppersexpecttospend12%morethanothershoppers.

Tere’splentyofroomfordelight,too.Halfofthesurveyedshoppersplantogiftanexperience,up11percentagepointssince2024,andmostwanttopairitwithaphysicalgift.Self-giftingandluxuryconsiderationsarealsorising,especiallyamongyoungergenerations.

TheseyoungershoppersareparticularlyimportantthisseasonasGenZandmillennialsareexpectedtomakeup50%ofholidayspendingforthefirsttimeinoursurvey.

Consumersarealsogettinganearlierstart,with22%sayingtey’llshopsoonerthanlastyear.Junepromotionshavealreadycapturedsomeholidaypurchasesfor1in4shoppers,andOctobersalesaregainingmomentum(up18ppsince2023).Still,Thanksgivingweekremainsthemainevent.

Theholidayshoppingjourneyfavorsonline-onlyretailersandmassmerchants,whichareexpectedtocapturemostofsoppers’plannedspend,whileonlinespendingisexpectedtomakeup55%ofretailbudgets.GenerativeAIisaholiday-shopperhelper,with39%ofrespondentsnotingit’stheirprimarytoolforatleastoneholidayshoppingtask,butonly16%saytheywouldpermitittocompleteapurchase.

Forretailers,anopportunityliesinmeetingsoppers’determinationtocelebratewithclearvalue,timelypromotions,andeasiergiftdiscovery,whiletappingintoyoungersoppers’uniqueshoppingpreferences.PairingproductswithexperiencesandusinggenAItobuildconfidenceratherthanfrictioncanhelpkeeptheseasonfestiveandfinanciallymanageable.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.2

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright◎2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.3

Holidayhighlights

Budgetsgetajollylift

$1,654

averageexpectedholidayspend(up4%YoY),largelydrivenbymillennialsandGenZ

shopperswhonowrepresent50%ofexpectedholidayspending

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Stockings

stuffedwith

experiences

+11pp

increaseinrespondentsplanningtogiftexperiencessince2024(50%in2026,47%in2025,39%in2024)

Savingsmart,spendingbright

ofsurveyedshoppersareholidayvalueseekers,engaginginfiveormorecost-savingbehaviors,yetplantospend12%morethanothers

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.4

Cheatsheet

Spendingtrends

Averageholidayspendisexpectedtoincreaseto$1,654thisseason,up4%YoYasmostrespondentsbelieveholidaypriceswillbehigherYoY.

TheexpectedgainsarelargelyfromGenZand

millennialswhonowrepresent50%oftheholidayspend.

Spendingonretailgoodsisexpectedtobeup10%YoY($988),whilethatonholidayactivitiesisdown4%YoY($666).

Economicsentimentholdssteadyamong

respondents,with45%expectingtheeconomytostaythesameorimprove.

Householdsearningmorethan$200Kplantospend$3,607onaverage,morethan5xthe$693expectedbythoseearningunder$50K.

38ofsurveyedshoppersqualifyas“holidayvalueseekers,”adoptingfiveormoremoney-saving

behaviors,yetareexpectedtospend12%morethanothers.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Shoppingjourney

22%plantostartholidayshoppingearlierthanlast

year,and28%oftheholidaybudgetisexpectedtobe

spentbytheendofOctober,thehighestshareinsixyears.

1in4respondentsalreadypurchasedholidayitems

duringJunepromotionalevents,and4in10plantoshopOctobersalesevents.

ShoppingactivitypeaksinlateNovember(77%of

shoppersactive)andstayselevatedintoearlyDecember(78%).

54%ofshoppersplantospendmostoftheirholidaybudgetate-commerceretailersormassmerchants,

makingtheseretailersthemaindestinationforholidayspending.

55%ofretailholidaybudgetsareplannedforonline,

versus45%in-store.

Consumerpreferences.

39%saygenAIistheirprimarytoolforatleastoneholidayshoppingtask,butonly16%wouldtrustit

tocompleteapurchasewiththeirpermission.

50%ofshoppersplantogiftanexperiencethis

holidayseason,upfrom47%in2025and39%in2024.

49%ofrespondentsconsiderluxurygoodsa

worthyinvestment,upfrom39%in2025,with

GeZ’sluxurycosideratiorisigto72%(from57%in2025).

33%ofshoppersplantoself-gift,ledbyGenZ(49%)andmillennials(42%).

Youngergenerationshaveuniquepreferencesthatmaypresentopportunitiesforretailers,suchas

wishlists(79%GenZversus69%babyboomers),fasterdelivery,andpersonalizedgifts.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright◎2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.5

Holidayspendingontherise

Shoppersplantoboostholidaybudgetsthisseason,withhalfofspendingcoming

fromyoungergenerations.Retailspendingisexpectedtoriseacrossincomegroups,whileexperiencegiftingandholidayvalueseekerspresentnewopportunities.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.6

Averageholidayspendisexpectedtoincreaseto$1,654,asmostrespondentsbelievehigherpricesareintheirfuture

Holidayshoppersplantopullbackonactivitieswhileincreasingspendonretailgoods

Averageexpectedholidayspend1Reasonsforhigherspend

Holidayactivities*

Retailgoods**

$1,778

$735

$1,043

2024

$1,595

$694

$902

2025

–4%YoY

+10%

YoY

$1,654

$666

$988

2026

79%ofsurveyedconsumersbelievepriceswillbehigheronholidayitemsYoYversus77%in2025and69%in20242

50%ofholidayspendingwillcomefromGenZandmillennials;bothgroupsplantoincreasespendbydoubledigitsYoY1

Economicexpectationsholdwith45%ofsurveyedconsumersexpectingtheeconomytoremainthesameorimproveversus43%in20253

Notes:*Holidayactivitiesincludestravelandeventsandhostingathome;**Retailgoodsincludegiftitemsandnon-giftitems(hosting,clothes,holidaydécor,etc.);Questions:(1)“Howmuchdoyouexpecttospendoneachofthefollowingitemsduringtheupcomingyear-endholidayseason?”(n=4,000);(2)“Comparedtolastholidayseason(2025),Iexpectpricestobesomewhat/significantlyhigher”(n=4,000);(3)“Inyouropinion,whatistheoveralloutlookfortheUSeconomyin2027comparedwithtoday?”(n=4,000).

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.7

Youngerrespondentsexpectedtorepresent50%oftheholidayspendforthefirsttime

GenZandmillennialsnotebetterhouseholdfinancialsituationsyearoveryearandplantouptheirspendafterpullingbacklastyear

Averageexpectedholidayspend,bygeneration202420252026

$1,916

$2,039

$1,282$1,282

$850

$1,777

$2,087

$1,980

$1,832

$1,712$1,615

$1,353

Betterhouseholdfinancialsituationthanlastyear

38%

29%

35%

35%

28%

32%

25%

23%

21%

22%

23%

16%

Notes:n=4,000;Qustion:“Howmuchdoyouexpecttospendoneachofthefollowingitemsduringtheupcomingyear-ndholidaysason?”;Sniors(bornin1945orearlier;n=92)arenotreportedduetothesmallsamplesize.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

GenZ(18to29years)Millennials(30to45years)GenX(46to61years)Babyboomers(62to80years)

Shareofspend12%10%16%32%31%34%27%31%28%27%26%20%

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.8

Acrossincomegroups,respondentsindicateincreasedspendonretailgoods

Retailgoodsspendingincreasesacrosstheincomespectrum,whiletravelandeventsdecline

Averageexpectedholidayspend,1byhouseholdincome

20252026

+4%YoY

Gifts

+10%YoY

$628$693

Lessthan$50K

+21%YoY

+7%YoY

$1,347

$1,435

$50Kto$99K

+7%YoY

FlatYoY

$2,492

$2,441

$100Kto$199K

+6%YoY

$3,475

$3,607

$200K+

+16%YoY

Seasonalitems*

+14%YoY

+11%YoY

+2%YoY

+6%YoY

Travelandevents

–12%YoY

–6%YoY

–15%YoY

–5%YoY

Hostingathome+15%YoY+29%YoY+8%YoYFlatYoY

Notes:*Seasonalitemsincludenon-giftitems(clothes,holidaydécor,etc.);Question:“Howmuchdoyouexpecttospendoneachofthefollowingitemsduringtheupcomingyear-endholidayseason?”(n=4,000overall[1,333=lessthan$50K;1,265=$50Kto$99K;1,011=$100Kto$199K;391=$200K+]).

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.9

Morerespondents

plantogiftclothingandaccessoriesandexperiences

shopper1

giftsper

averagenumberof

Sameas2025

8

Clothingandaccessories2

76%GenZplantogiftclothingandaccessories

versus67%in2025

Experiences2

51%GenZplantogiftexperiences

versus41%in2025

57%millennialsplantogiftexperiences

versus52%in2025

Youngergenerationsaredrivingthelargestgainsingifting,especiallyforclothingandaccessoriesandexperiences

Percentageofshoppers,bygiftcategories2

20252026

Clothingandaccessories

Toysandhobbies

Foodandbeverage

Giftcards

Experiences

Homeandkitchen

67%

63%

61%

61%

55%

54%

54%

54%

50%

47%

49%

47%

44%

33%

40%

Healthandwellness

44%

ofrespondentsareplanningto

42%

Electronicsandaccessories

giftcashthisholidayseason

37%

versus29%in2025

Pet

35%

Notes:n=3,700(742=GenZ;1,021=millennials;945=GenX;900=babyboomers];Seniors(bornin1945orearlier;n=92)arenotreportedduetothesmallsamplesize).Questions:(1)“Whatisthetotalnumberofgifts,includinggiftcertificates/cards,youexpecttobuyforothersand/oryourselfthisholidayseason?”(n=3,497);(2)“Whichofthefollowingdoyouplantobuyasagiftthisholidayseason?”(n=3,700).

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright◎2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.10

Respondents'giving

experientialgifts

preferencestrendtoward

50%

plantogiftanexperience,versus47%in2025and39%in2024¹

47%

ofrespondentsprefertogiveonemeaningful,higher-costgiftversusseveralsmallergifts²

Opportunityforretailers

79%ofexperience-giftshopperswanttopairitwithaphysicalitem³

Experiencegiftscreateopportunitiesforcross-merchandisingandpartnerships

Percentageofrespondentsgiftingexperiences,byactivities¹

37%

35%

Restaurant(in-personmealorgiftcard)

19%

Ticketstoanevent

16%

8%

7%

Subscriptionproductsorservices

7%

Classesorservices

7%

statements?"(n=3,700);(3)"Whengivinganexperienceasaholidaygift,whichphysicalitems,ifany,doyouexpecttopurchasetoaccompany

thegift?"(n=1,855)

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Notes:Questions:(1)"Whichofthefolowingdoyouplantobuyasagitthisholidayseason?"(n=3.400);(2)"Doyouagreeordisagrewiththe

orroundout

following

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright◎2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.11

Holidayvalueseekers

huntharderforsavings,andstillspendmore

38%

ofrespondentsare“holidayvalueseekers'”

Opportunityforretailers

12%higherspendingplannedbyholidayvalueseekersthanaverageshoppers

Notes:n=3,700;Question:"Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

withthefollowingstatements?"(percentageagree/stronglyagree);

*Holidayvalueseekersarerespondentswhoadoptfiveormoreofthe

followingsevenmoney-savingbehaviorsduningtheirholidayshopping

journey:waitingfordeals,switchingbrandswhenpricesrise,shopping

moreaffordableretailers,spreadingpurchasesovertime,cutting

otherspendingtofundholidays,reusingwrappingordecor,and

settingper-personspendinglimits.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Shoppingearlierandbudgetingmore,holidayvalueseekerspresentabrightopportunityforretailersintheraceforseasonalspend

Howareholidayvalueseekersdifferent?

45%use

genAltoolsVs.35%of

others

Theystartearlyandstayengagedallseason

65%arealreadyshoppingbylateOctobervs.48%ofothers

80%oftheirengagementholdsacrossthefullThanksgivingpromotionalweekvs.65%ofothers

Theymeetretailersondifferentdigitalchannels

71%use

socialmedia

vs.54%of

others

They'resavvyabouthowandwheretosave

38%plantoredeemloyaltypointsforholidaypurchases

vs.24%ofothers

62%haveboughtprivatelabelinthepastsixmonths

vs.46%ofothers

Theyskewtowardvalue

formats

35%shopatoff-priceretailers

vs.21%ofothers

24%shopat

dollarstores

vs.14%of

others

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright◎2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.12

Holidayshoppingjourneystarts

SOoner

Shoppersaregettinganearlierstartontheirholidaygiftlists,drawntosaleseventsaheadofThanksgivingweek.Priceandvalue

continuetodriveretailformatchoices,andwhilemostshoppersprefertobuyonline,severalin-storecategoriesstandout.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.13

Earliershoppingis

buildingmomentumaheadofthepeak

season

Thisisthehighestlevel

observedinthelastsixyears

28%

ofshoppers’budgetsarelikelytobeexhaustedbytheendofOctober1

versus24%in2025

22%plantostartshoppingearliercomparedwithlastyear2

Octoberseesgrowingshopperparticipation,whileNovemberremainsthelargestexpectedspendingperiod

Shareofexpectedspend,byshoppingperiods1

PercentageofactiveshoppersShareofexpectedspend

77%78%

56%

$330

63%

54%

45%

36%

23%

$204

$178$151

$123

8%

$70

4%

20%

32%

$359

$240

36%

BeforeSepend

EarlyLate

OctOct

EarlyLateEarlyLateJan

NovNovDecDec

Notes:n=3,700;Questions:(1)“Whatpercentagedoyouplantospendduringthefollowingmonths?”;(2)“Whendoyouplantostartyourholidayshoppingthisyearcomparedtolastyear?”

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.14

Respondentspullholidayshoppingforwardastheyembraceearlypromotionalevents

Junepromotionscapturedsomeholidaypurchases,whileOctobereventsarealmostonparwithCyberMonday

80%ofyoungergenerationsplantojoinatleastoneThanksgiving-weekeventvs.62%ofoldershoppers

Shoppingeventsthey’relikelytoparticipatein2

Octobersalesevents

ThanksgivingDay

BlackFridaysales

SmallBusinessSaturday

CyberMondaysales

18ppgrowthinthepast3years*

20252026

42%

40%

23%

19%

52%

51%

20%

20%

44%

47%

1in4

surveyedrespondentsboughtatleastone

holidayitemduringJunepromotionalevents1

PercentageofrespondentsplanningtoshopduringOctobersalesevents,byitems3

HolidaygiftitemsHolidaynon-giftitems80%

65%

57%

60%

12%

12%13%

6%

Massmerchant

promotionalevent

Otherpromotionalevents

Notsure

Online-only

merchant

promotionalevent

Notes:Questions:(1)“DidyoupurchaseanyholidayitemsduringsummerpromotionaleventsthisyearthatoccurredinJune?”(n=3,700);(2)“Whatholidayshoppingeventsareyoulikelytoparticipatein?”(n=3,700);(3)“WheredoyouplantoshopforholidaydealsduringOctoberpromotionalevents?”(n=1,554).*Octobersaleseventgrowthcomparedto40%in2025,38%in2024and24%in2023.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.15

Holidayshoppers

plantoconsolidatespendaroundonlineandmassmerchants

Whereholidayshoppersplantospendmostoftheirbudget:1

20252026

33%

36%

Onlineore-commerceretailers

17%

18%

Massmerchantretailers

4%

4%

Departmentstores

Topthreeattributesshopperslookforwhenselectingaretailer:2

#1Priceandvalue#2Convenience

#3Product

Nots:n=3,700forqustions1to3;Qustions:(1)“Whrdoyou

anticipatspndingthmostmonythisholidaysason?”;(2)“Whicharthethreemostimportantattributesforyouwhenselectingaretailer

duringholidayshopping?”;(3)“Whrdoyouplantoshopforgiftsthisholidaysason?”;(4)“Howmanyphysicalrtailstorswillyouvisitto

purchasgiftsthisholidaysason?”(n=3,412).

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Priceandvalueremainsthetopfactorinwhererespondentschoosetoshop

Top10retailformatswhererespondentsplantoshop3

20252026

Onlineore-commerceretailers

Massmerchantretailers

65%

60%

54%

51%

31%

30%

Departmentstores

29%

27%

27%

28%

Warehousemembershipclubs

Bookstores

26%

29%

Off-priceretailers

25%

24%

24%

Localindependentstores

4

physicalstoresexpectedtobevisitedonaverage,4

21%

sameas2025

Supermarketsorgrocerystores

22%

27%

Beautyorcosmeticstores

20%

16%

Specialtyclothingretailers

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.16

Onlineleadsholidayshopping,butin-storespendingshinesin

severalcategories

Averageshareofplannedretailholidayspend,bychannel1

online(55%)

versus$508in2025

in-store(45%)

$440

versus$394in2025

Notes:n=3,700;Questions:(1)“Whatpercentageofyourtotalholidaybudgetdoyouexpecttospend…?”;(2)“Iwouldratherpurchasethefollowingitemsonlinethanin-store…”

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Whileonlineshoppingispreferred,respondentsplantoincreasein-storespendby12%YoY

Expectedspendbychannel1

40%

24%

8%

21%7%

100%

Mostlyonline

100%

online

Mostlyin-store

50-50

in-store

28%

48%

24%

Channelpreferencebycategories2OnlineIn-store

41%

44%

51%

54%

57%

60%

62%

81%

Electronicsandaccessories59%

Toysandhobbies56%

Giftcardsorcertificates49%

Clothingandaccessories47%

Healthandwellness43%

Homeandkitchen40%

Pet38%

Foodandbeverage19%

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.17

Broaderuseofdigitaltoolsisassociatedwithhigherplannedholidayspendingamongrespondents

Averageexpectedspendrisessteadilyasshoppersusesearch,socialmedia,andgenAIacrosstheirholidayshoppingjourney

Non-techusers

Notechtools

$1,175

Averageholidayspend*

8%holidayshoppers

Techusers

Anyonetechtool

Allthreetechtools

Anytwotechtools

+$214

+18%

+$1,457

+101%

$2,893

Averageholidayspend*

30%holidayshoppers

$1,222

Averageholidayspend*

27%holidayshoppers

$1,436

Averageholidayspend*

35%holidayshoppers

Notes:*Deloittecalculations;n=3,700(non-tchusrs=315;tchusrs=3,385);Qustion:“Whatisyourprimarytoolforaccomplishingachofthfollowinginyourholidayshoppingjourny?”

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurveyCopyright©2026DeloitteDevelopmentLLC.Allrightsreserved.18

GenAIhahopper’attention,buttrustislimitedforsomeaspectsoftheshoppingjourney

GenAIasaprimaryholidayshoppingtoolfor39%,butonly16%trustittocompletethepurchase

57%

ofsurveyedshoppersareawareof

genAIassistantsonretailerwebsites1

saygenAIistheirprimarytoolforatlestoneoftheshoppingjourneytasks2

Bygeneration:

39%

GenZ

MillennialsGenX

Babyboomers

49%

50%

35%

23%

GenAIsentiment1

66%

WorryabouthowdataisusedbygenAIassistants

37%

Morecomfortableusing

genAIthansixmonthsago

16%

WouldletgenAIcomplete

thepurchasewithpermission

FeelgenAImakesiteasier

tofindtherightholidaygifts

31%TrustgenAItoaccurately

29%Wouldtryanunknownretailer

basedonagenAIrecommendation

compareproductsandprices

33%

Notes:n=3,700forbothquestions;Questions:(1)“Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?”(percentageagree/stronglyagree);(2)“Whatisyourprimarytoolforaccomplishingeachofthefollowinginyourholidayshoppingjourney?”;GenAIshoppersarethosewhochosegenAIforatleastoneoftheseshoppingjourneytasks:budgeting,giftinspiration,dealdiscovery,personalizedrecommendations,pricecomparison,findingalternativesordupes,productreviews,listorganization,andcompletingthepurchase.

Source:2026DeloitteHolidayRetailSurvey.

Youngershoppers

preferences

shiftgifting

Youngershoppers—makinguphalfofthis

year'sexpectedholidayspend—leadasthe

mostlikelytopurchaseluxuryitemsandbuya

littlesomethingforthemselves.Theirshopping

preferencesa

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论