山东德州市2025-2026年高三下学期一模英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东德州市2025-2026年高三下学期英语一模试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AScienceonWheelstravelsacrossthestatebringingengagingSTEMprogrammingtogradesK-8,withafocusoninteractiveandhands-onprogramsthatbringthejoyofscientificexplorationtolifeandempowerlearnerstoseethemselvesinSTEM.ProgramOfferings·GatheringsGuesteducatorswilldoapresentationaboutscienceforlargeaudiences,includingtheentireschool.Theymaydoloudorbrightexperiments.·Pop-upExhibitsDuringtheday,youwillgetaturntoexploreandtouchthescienceexhibitsthattheguestspeakersbring.·ClassroomWorkshopsGuesteducatorswillcometoyourroomandorganizedifferentworkshops.GoodVibrations:Diveintothewonderfulworldofsoundwithtuningforks,musicalinstrumentsandmore.Investigatehowpeoplemakeandhearsounds.CritterCoders:Assoftwareengineers,learnersprogramamouserobottodrivethroughamaze(迷宫).Noprogrammingexperiencenecessary.LightenUp:Ouroriginalstoryleadsanexplorationoftheamazingpropertiesoflightasweexperimentwithauniquecollectionofobjectsandflashlightstolearnaboutsunlight,rainbowsandmore.Eco-Sleuths:Whereshouldthetownbuildthenewmall?StudentsdeterminewaterqualitybytestingpHandanalyzingthepresenceofbioindicators.Learnersusetheirdatatoconstructanargumentaboutwheretobuildthemall.Registration&CancellationRegistrationisnowopenforbookingsthroughJune2026.Submitarequestformtoday!PreparationofstaffandmaterialsforyourScienceonWheelsisextensive.Pleasenotethatcancellationsinvolvefees:50%oftheprogramcostifcanceledwithinfourweeksofyourscheduledvisit,and100%withintwoweeks.Reschedulingcosts15%oftheprogramcost.1.HowmanyprogramsdoesScienceonWheelsinclude?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.2.Whichworkshopbestsuitsastudentinterestedinthelocalenvironment?A.GoodVibrations. B.CritterCoders. C.LightenUp. D.Eco-Sleuths.3.What’stheextrachargeforatwo-weekpostponement?A.Noadditionalcost. B.15%ofthecost. C.50%ofthecost. D.Thefullcost.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，本文介绍了移动科普项目ScienceonWheels，文中说明了该项目提供的三类核心服务，介绍了课堂工作坊下的四个不同主题课程，最后说明了项目的预约规则与退改收费政策。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据ProgramOfferings部分中明确列出了三个大类项目：Gatherings、Pop-upExhibits、ClassroomWorkshops，因此一共3个项目，故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中“Eco-Sleuths:Whereshouldthetownbuildthenewmall?StudentsdeterminewaterqualitybytestingpHandanalyzingthepresenceofbioindicators.Learnersusetheirdatatoconstructanargumentaboutwheretobuildthemall.(Eco-Sleuths：这座城镇应该把新购物中心建在何处？学生们通过检测酸碱度和分析生物指示物的存在情况来测定水质。学生们利用收集到的数据来阐述关于购物中心应建在何处的论点)”可知，Eco-Sleuths项目需要学生检测水质、分析环境生物指标，围绕城镇选址的环境问题探究，符合环境相关的兴趣，故选D。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Reschedulingcosts15%oftheprogramcost.(重新安排时间收取项目费用的15%)”可知，延期收取项目费用的15%，故选B。BOnthesummitofamountaincalledShishapangma,an18-year-oldSherpa(夏尔巴人)climbercalledNimarecordedaselfievideo.Withthisclimb,hebecametheyoungestpersonevertotopall14oftheworld’s8,000-meterpeaks.Oncehedescended,Nimasharedthevideoonlineunderthetag(标签)“Sherpapower”,spreadingthemessagethathispeoplewereathletesintheirownright,notjustguidesofforeignclimbers.Fornearly120years,Sherpashaveservedasportersandguidesforforeignclimbersseekinggloryontheworld’shighestpeaks,whichmakesthemsocloselylinkedtothisworkthatmanyWesternersmistaketheword“Sherpa”foraprofession,notanethnicity.Duringhisfirstmountainclimbing,anavalanche(雪崩)claimedthelivesofhisbestfriend,Lama,andhisclientontheirsummitpush.HesawhowSherpassacrificedtheirownsafetyandevenlivestohelpotherssummit.Itwasatthatmomentthathebegantousetheword“sherpapower”withnewpurposeofbeingavoiceforhiscommunity.Toachievethis,NimahastobeaprofessionalclimbersponsoredbybrandsliketheRedBull.Thebrandsseldomsponsormountaineerswhofollowtraderoutesonfixedropes.His14-peaksrecordhasn’tbeenenoughtoearnsponsorships.Butforhim,sponsorshipsmeandignityinsteadofmoney.Hehadtoexplorenewroutesorpeakswithoutbottledoxygenorfixedropes.Therefore,twomonthsaftersettinghisrecord,Nimawaspreparingforhisnextproject.AlongsidefamedItalianclimberMoro,hewasattemptingawinterclimbingof8,163-meterManaslu,whichwaseventuallycancelledduetoextremeconditions.NimaimmediatelyplannedanotherattemptonManaslufornextwinterwithhispartner.ItremainstobeseenifNimawillbethebreakthroughathletehewantstobe.Afterall,he’sonly18.4.Whatisthecommonunderstandingof“Sherpa”toWesterners?A.Anoccupation. B.Anidentification. C.Aresolution. D.Aproposal.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“claimed”meaninparagraph3?A.Spared. B.Guarded. C.Took. D.Sustained.6.WhydidNimaseekadifferentclimbingroute?A.Tocompetewithtop-zclassathletes.B.Toqualifyasaprofessionalclimber.C.Tobuildhisfortuneinoutdoorindustry.D.Togetrecognisedasanexperiencedguide.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNima?A.Determinedandethnicallyconscious. B.Carefreeandstrong-willed.C.Straightforwardandwell-mannered. D.Modestandwarm-hearted.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了18岁夏尔巴登山者Nima刷新世界纪录后，试图通过挑战非传统登山路线获得品牌赞助，以职业运动员身份改变外界对夏尔巴人“仅是向导”的刻板印象，为自己的族群争取尊严的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fornearly120years,Sherpashaveservedasportersandguidesforforeignclimbersseekinggloryontheworld’shighestpeaks,whichmakesthemsocloselylinkedtothisworkthatmanyWesternersmistaketheword“Sherpa”foraprofession,notanethnicity.(近120年来，夏尔巴人一直担任着外国登山者在世界最高峰上寻求荣耀时的搬运工和向导。由于他们与这项工作的紧密联系，许多西方人将“夏尔巴人”这个词误认为是一种职业，而非一个族群。)”可知，西方人通常将“夏尔巴人”理解为一种职业。故选A项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“HesawhowSherpassacrificedtheirownsafetyandevenlivestohelpotherssummit.(他亲眼目睹了夏尔巴人为了帮助他人成功登顶而不惜牺牲自身安全甚至生命的行为。)”以及前面的主语“anavalanche(雪崩)(一场雪崩)”可知，此处指雪崩夺走了两人的生命，画线词意为“夺走（生命）”，与Took意思接近。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Toachievethis,NimahastobeaprofessionalclimbersponsoredbybrandsliketheRedBull.Thebrandsseldomsponsormountaineerswhofollowtraderoutesonfixedropes.(为了实现这一目标，Nima必须成为一名由诸如红牛等品牌赞助的职业登山者。而这些品牌通常不会赞助那些沿着固定绳索沿固定路线攀登的登山者。)”和“Hehadtoexplorenewroutesorpeakswithoutbottledoxygenorfixedropes.(他不得不在没有氧气瓶和固定绳索的情况下，探索新的路线或攀登新的山峰。)”可知，Nima寻求不同登山路线是为了获得职业登山者资格。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Therefore,twomonthsaftersettinghisrecord,Nimawaspreparingforhisnextproject.AlongsidefamedItalianclimberMoro,hewasattemptingawinterclimbingof8,163-meterManaslu,whichwaseventuallycancelledduetoextremeconditions.NimaimmediatelyplannedanotherattemptonManaslufornextwinterwithhispartner.(因此，在创下纪录两个月后，Nima开始筹备他的下一个项目。他与著名的意大利登山者Moro一起，尝试在冬季攀登海拔8163米的马纳斯鲁峰，但由于极端天气条件，这次尝试最终被取消。Nima随即与他的搭档计划在来年冬季再次尝试攀登马纳斯鲁峰。)”可知，Nima打破纪录后立即计划新挑战，在计划受阻时立即做出调整，准备继续尝试，表明他坚定地追求自己的目标。根据第二段中“Oncehedescended,Nimasharedthevideoonlineunderthetag(标签)“Sherpapower”,spreadingthemessagethathispeoplewereathletesintheirownright,notjustguidesofforeignclimbers.(Nima下来后，便将这段视频发布到了网上，并附上了“Sherpapower”这一标签，以此传达这样一个信息：他的族人本身就是优秀的运动员，而不仅仅是为外国登山者提供向导服务的人。)”和第三段中“Itwasatthatmomentthathebegantousetheword“sherpapower”withnewpurposeofbeingavoiceforhiscommunity.(就在那一刻，他开始有意地使用“Sherpapower”这个词，以此来代表自己的社群发声。)”可知，Nima强调夏尔巴人的运动员身份，并为族群发声，表明他具有民族意识。故选A项。CYou’vefollowedallsleepexperts’advice—goingtobedontime,avoidingafternooncoffee,andkeepingyourbedroomcoolasyoulike,darkwithnolighton,andquietaspossible—yetyoustilltossandturn.Glancingatthesilverlightthroughthecurtains,youwonder:Couldthefullmoonberuiningyoursleep?Figuringoutthemoon’simpactonhumansleepischallenging,asemotionsandexpectationsoftencloudjudgments.Manypeopleromanticizefullmoons,especiallyspecialeventslikeharvestorbluemoons,whileothersanticipaterestlessnessunderafullmoon,whichalonecandisruptsleep.Scientificstudiessuggestrealphysiologicaleffectscausedbythemoon.Ina2013study,Swissresearchersanalyzeddatafromanexperimentinwhichparticipantshadnoideatheirsleepwasbeingstudiedforlunareffects.Aroundthefullmoon,participantsexperienceda30percentdropindeep-sleepbrainactivity,took5minuteslongertofallasleep,andslept20minuteslessoverall.Theyalsoreportedworsesleepqualityandhadlowerlevelsofmelatonin,thehormone(荷尔蒙)thatyourbodyreleasesnaturallyatnighttocalmyourbodydownandprepareyouforsleep.However,allthesestudiesshareonemajorlimitation:theywereconductedinsleeplaboratories,wherethesubjectsmaybedisturbedeasilybytheunfamiliarsetting.Toaddressthis,UniversityofWashingtonresearcherstrackedsleepinreal-worldenvironments:threeArgentiniancommunities(urbansuburbs,ruralvillagewithlimitedelectricity,remoteareawithnoelectricity)and464Seattleuniversitystudents.Acrossallgroups,regardlessofartificiallightaccess,participantssleptlessandtooklongertofallasleepinthenightsleadinguptoafullmoon.Theresearchersthinkthismayreflectanancientadaptation:Whenthemoonwasbrightest,ourancestorslikelystayeduplatertohunt,socialize,orworkbynaturallight.Thesleepchangesweremostobviousinlow-electricitycommunities,wheremoonlightremainedthemainlightsourceatnight.Sleepexpertsnotethatwhilethefullmoon’seffect,uptoonehourlesssleep,isprofound,artificiallightfromscreenslikelyhasanevengreaterimpactonmodernsleep.8.Whatisthedifficultyinstudyingthemoon’seffectonsleep?A.People’shabitsandhobbies. B.Healthconditionsandsleepspace.C.Artificiallightornoiseintheroom. D.People’semotionsandanticipations.9.Whatdidthe2013Swissstudyfindaboutfullmoons?A.Theycaused25minuteslesssleeponaverage.B.Theyaffectedpeoplemoreintherealworld.C.Theyhadlessimpactonsleepthanexpected.D.Theyledtoareduceddeep-sleepbrainactivity.10.WhydidUniversityofWashingtonresearchersadjuststudysurroundings?A.Tocomparesleeppatternsbyagegroup.B.Toanalyzetheinfluenceofartificiallightonsleep.C.Toavoidtheimpactofstrangesettingsonsubjects.D.Totestwhetherurbanlifestylecancelslunareffects.11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheEndofMoonlightFolktales B.CityLights’effectsonHumanSleepC.Moonlight’sbattlewithartificiallight D.TheMoon’sSilentTheftofOurSleep【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证实满月会减少人们的睡眠时间、降低睡眠质量。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Figuringoutthemoon’simpactonhumansleepischallenging,asemotionsandexpectationsoftencloudjudgments.(要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰判断)”可知，研究月亮对睡眠的难处在于人们的情绪和预期会干扰判断，故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aroundthefullmoon,participantsexperienceda30percentdropindeep-sleepbrainactivity,took5minuteslongertofallasleep,andslept20minuteslessoverall.(在满月期间，参与者深度睡眠时的大脑活动下降了30%，入睡所需时间延长了5分钟，总体睡眠时间减少了20分钟)”可知，2013年的研究发现满月导致深度睡眠脑活动减少，故选D。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“However,allthesestudiesshareonemajorlimitation:theywereconductedinsleeplaboratories,wherethesubjectsmaybedisturbedeasilybytheunfamiliarsetting.(然而，所有这些研究都存在一个主要的局限性：它们都是在睡眠实验室中进行的，而在这样的环境中，实验对象很容易受到陌生环境的干扰)”和第四段中“Toaddressthis,UniversityofWashingtonresearcherstrackedsleepinreal-worldenvironments:threeArgentiniancommunities(urbansuburbs,ruralvillagewithlimitedelectricity,remoteareawithnoelectricity)and464Seattleuniversitystudents.(为了解决这个问题，华盛顿大学的研究人员在真实环境中追踪了人们的睡眠情况：三个阿根廷社区（城市郊区、电力供应有限的农村村庄、无电力供应的偏远地区）以及464名西雅图大学的学生)”可知，之前的研究受试者很容易被陌生的实验室环境干扰，华盛顿大学调整到真实环境是为了避免陌生环境对受试者的影响，故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段“Figuringoutthemoon’simpactonhumansleepischallenging,asemotionsandexpectationsoftencloudjudgments.Manypeopleromanticizefullmoons,especiallyspecialeventslikeharvestorbluemoons,whileothersanticipaterestlessnessunderafullmoon,whichalonecandisruptsleep.Scientificstudiessuggestrealphysiologicaleffectscausedbythemoon.(要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰判断。许多人会将满月视为浪漫的象征，尤其是在诸如丰收或蓝月这样的特殊时刻；而另一些人则会预期在满月之下会感到不安，而这种不安本身就可能扰乱睡眠。科学研究表明，月亮确实会对人的生理产生影响)”可知，全文围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证实满月会减少人们的睡眠时间、降低睡眠质量，D选项“月亮悄悄偷走我们的睡眠”准确概括核心主题，可作为标题。故选D。DAustralia’stropicalforestshavebecometheworld’sfirsttoemit(排放)morecarbonintotheatmospherethantheyaretakingin,asanewstudyreportinNature.Thisswitchisanalarmbellfortheplanet’stropicalforests,soundingasgloballeaderspreparefortheCOP30meetingintheAmazonrainforesttoaddressthecrisisofglobalclimatechange.Thelong-termanalysisofAustralia’srainforestsfrom1971to2019revealedthattheforests’woodybiomass—itshardbranchesandtrunks—hasbeenshrinkingsincearoundtheyear2000.Risingtemperatures,droughtsandtropicalcyclones(气旋)drivenbyhumanactivitieshavedramaticallyincreasedtreedeathrate,releasingstoredcarbonbackintotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,theextraatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO₂)didn’tboostplantgrowthasclimatemodelspredicted,likelyduetolimitedavailabilityofnutrientsplantsneedlikephosphorusandotherbasicones—afactorthatmustbeconsideredinestimatingthefateofforests.TheAmazonrainforest,whichspansanareanearlyaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStatesandiscurrentlyshoulderingaquarterofland-basedcarbondioxideannually,isalsoatrisk.Itsuffereditsworstdroughtin2024,withdeforestationreaching17percent.Scientistshavewarneditcouldfacewidespreaddiebackby2035underthepressureofclimatechange,deforestationandextremeweatherlikestorms.Othertropicalforestsfacesimilarthreats.Africa’sCongoBasinforests,oncerelativelystable,haveshownincreasedtreedeathratesince2010.SoutheastAsia’sforestsareendangeredbythedevelopmentofurbanizationandagriculture.AreportmadebytheU.N.EnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)notesthatabout291millionoftheworld’s1.6billionhectaresoftropicalforestaredelicate,easilyerasedofffromthegreenblockforever.Protectingtheseforestswillrequireglobalfinancialinvestmentstotripleto$300billionby2030,yetglobaleffortsfortheprotectionarefallingshortoftheintendedcommitments.“Tropicalforestsarehugecarbonreservoirsandwemustcherishtheforestcarbonstocksalreadybuiltupovercenturies,orevenmillennia.”saystheprogrammemanagerWannesHubauinthereport.“Losingthemwouldbelikesettingoffacarbonbomb,worseningclimatechange.”12.WhathappenedtotheAustralia’stropicalforests?A.Theywereexpandingrapidly. B.Theybecameacarbon-friendlyplace.C.Theirwoodybiomasswasonincrease. D.Theywereturningintocarbonemitters.13.WhatmightlimitAustralia’sforestgrowthwithmoreCO₂?A.Long-termdataanalysis. B.Insufficientbasicnutrients.C.Storageofcarbonintrunks. D.Climatemodelexpectations.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Tropicalforestswilldiebackby2035.B.Farmingdestroysforestsintropicalregions.C.Tropicalforestsfacegrowingglobalthreats.D.Droughtscausemostrainforestlossworldwide.15.WhatcanwelearnfromtheUNEPreport?A.Fewtropicalforestsareathighrisk.B.Tropicalforestconservationlacksfunds.C.Thedeathrateoftropicalforestsisdeclining.D.Africa’sforestshavethehighesttreedeathrate.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚热带森林成为全球首个碳净排放区，全球热带森林面临气候危机，保护工作迫在眉睫。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Australia’stropicalforestshavebecometheworld’sfirsttoemit(排放)morecarbonintotheatmospherethantheyaretakingin,asanewstudyreportinNature.(《自然》杂志发布的一项最新研究报告显示，澳大利亚的热带森林已成为全球首个向大气中排放的碳超过其吸收量的生态系统。)”可知，澳大利亚的热带森林成为全球首个碳排放量超过吸收量的地区，正在变成碳排放源。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Surprisingly,theextraatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO₂)didn’tboostplantgrowthasclimatemodelspredicted,likelyduetolimitedavailabilityofnutrientsplantsneedlikephosphorusandotherbasicones—afactorthatmustbeconsideredinestimatingthefateofforests.(令人意外的是，大气中额外的二氧化碳并未如气候模型预测的那样促进植物生长，原因很可能是植物所需的磷等营养物质供应有限——这一因素在评估森林的未来走向时必须予以考虑。)”可知，额外的二氧化碳未能促进植物生长，原因是植物所需的磷等基础营养物质供应有限。故选B。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“TheAmazonrainforest,whichspansanareanearlyaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStatesandiscurrentlyshoulderingaquarterofland-basedcarbondioxideannually,isalsoatrisk.Itsuffereditsworstdroughtin2024,withdeforestationreaching17percent.Scientistshavewarneditcouldfacewidespreaddiebackby2035underthepressureofclimatechange,deforestationandextremeweatherlikestorms.(亚马逊雨林的面积几乎与美国本土相当，目前每年承担着陆地四分之一的二氧化碳吸收量，如今也面临着风险。2024年，该雨林遭遇了最严重的干旱，森林砍伐率达到17%。科学家警告称，在气候变化、森林砍伐以及风暴等极端天气的压力下，到2035年，亚马逊雨林可能会出现大面积枯死。)”以及全段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了亚马逊雨林、非洲刚果盆地森林、东南亚森林等全球热带森林均面临气候变化、砍伐、极端天气等不同威胁。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Protectingtheseforestswillrequireglobalfinancialinvestmentstotripleto$300billionby2030,yetglobaleffortsfortheprotectionarefallingshortoftheintendedcommitments.(到2030年，保护这些森林所需的全球资金投入需增至目前的三倍，达到3000亿美元，然而全球的保护行动并未达到预期的承诺目标。)”可知，保护热带森林的资金投入存在巨大缺口，全球保护行动未达预期。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inatimewhencelebrities,socialmediainfluencers,andfamouspersonalitiesseemliketheyarejustaclickaway,it’seasytounderstandhowemotionalbondswithpublicfigureshavebecomemorepersonalandcomplexthanever.____16____Thetermwascoinedin1956whentelevisionsbecamewidelyavailable,andTVviewersbegantodevelopthesenseoffalseclosenesswiththecharactersonthescreen.Theparasocialrelationshipsareone-sidedrelationshipsinwhichapersondevelopsastrongsenseofconnectionorfamiliaritywithsomeonetheydon’tknow,mostoftencelebritiesormediapersonalities.____17____Theyexperienceabondthatlacksreciprocity(互惠).Thereisnofirmconclusionregardingwhypeopledevelopparasocialrelationships.____18____WhensomuchofourtimeisspentonlineorwatchingTVormovies,we’renaturallylikelytorecognizethefaceswerepeatedlyseeanddevelopwarmfeelingsforthem.Anotherpossiblecauseisloneliness.Someresearchsuggeststhatthelonelieranindividualfeels,themorelikelytheyaretoengageinparasocialrelationships,seekingaconnectioninsomeform,ifnotinreallife.____19____Someresearchershavefoundthathighlysocialindividualswhoaremorelikelytoformfriendshipsandrelationshipsinreallifearealsomorelikelytoformparasocialrelationships.Thereisalsothebeliefthatparasocialrelationshipscansimplybelessdemandingandmorefunthanreal-liferelationships.____20____Plusthesubjectsofparasocialrelationshipsaretypicallytalented,beautiful,orfunny.Originallybelievedtobeunhealthyduetotheirone-sidednature,theseparasocialrelationshipsaretypicallyharmlessand,infact,quitecommon.A.Otherresearchcontradictstheidea.B.Theycontributetoreal-liferelationships.C.Theseareknownasparasocialrelationships.D.Parasocialrelationshipscancertainlyhavebenefits.E.Butoneisthatthehumanbraindevelopedtobesocial.F.Theserelationshipsexistonlyinthemindoftheindividual.G.Therearenoconflictsormaintenancethatneedtobeattendedto.【答案】16.C17.F18.E19.A20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了准社会关系的定义、成因及特点。【16题详析】上文“Inatimewhencelebrities,socialmediainfluencers,andfamouspersonalitiesseemliketheyarejustaclickaway,it’seasytounderstandhowemotionalbondswithpublicfigureshavebecomemorepersonalandcomplexthanever.(在名人、社交媒体博主和公众人物仿佛触手可及的时代，我们很容易理解，与公众人物之间的情感联结变得比以往任何时候都更加私人化，也更加复杂。)”引出公众人物与普通人之间产生更个人化、更复杂的情感联结这一现象；而下文开始解释该现象的定义和起源。选项C“Theseareknownasparasocialrelationships.(这些关系被称为准社会关系。)”起到承上启下的作用，用一个总括性定义引出下文要详细解释的核心概念。故选C。【17题详析】上文“Theparasocialrelationshipsareone-sidedrelationshipsinwhichapersondevelopsastrongsenseofconnectionorfamiliaritywithsomeonetheydon’tknow,mostoftencelebritiesormediapersonalities.(准社会关系是一种单方面的关系，即一个人会与自己不认识的人（通常是名人或媒体人物）产生强烈的联结感或熟悉感。)”给出了准社会关系的定义；而下文“Theyexperienceabondthatlacksreciprocity(互惠).(他们所体验到的这种联结，缺乏相互性。)”进一步说明这种联结缺乏互惠性。选项F“Theserelationshipsexistonlyinthemindoftheindividual.(这种关系只存在于个体的头脑中。)”包括“单方面”“无互惠”的特点，是对定义的补充说明，逻辑连贯。故选F。【18题详析】上文“Thereisnofirmconclusionregardingwhypeopledevelopparasocialrelationships.(关于人们为何会形成准社会关系，目前尚无定论。)”提出人们为何会形成准社会关系尚无定论；而下文“WhensomuchofourtimeisspentonlineorwatchingTVormovies,we’renaturallylikelytorecognizethefaceswerepeatedlyseeanddevelopwarmfeelingsforthem.(当我们将大量时间花在上网、看电视或看电影上时，我们自然会认出那些反复出现的面孔，并对他们产生好感。)”则分析了原因。选项E“Butoneisthatthehumanbraindevelopedtobesocial.(其中一个原因是，人类的大脑天生就具有社交属性。)”承接“尚无定论”，引出第一个原因，与下文的具体原因逻辑一致。故选E。【19题详析】上文“Anotherpossiblecauseisloneliness.

Someresearchsuggeststhatthelonelieranindividualfeels,themorelikelytheyaretoengageinparasocialrelationships,seekingaconnectioninsomeform,ifnotinreallife.(另一个可能的原因是孤独感。一些研究表明，一个人越感到孤独，就越有可能建立准社会关系，以某种方式寻求联结——即便这种联结并非现实生活中的关系)”提出孤独感可能是原因之一；而下文“Someresearchershavefoundthathighlysocialindividualswhoaremorelikelytoformfriendshipsandrelationshipsinreallifearealsomorelikelytoformparasocialrelationships.(一些研究人员发现，在现实生活中更擅长社交、更容易建立友谊和人际关系的人，也更容易形成准社会关系。)”转而说明现实中社交能力强、易建立真实友谊的人，也更容易形成准社会关系。选项A“Otherresearchcontradictstheidea.(但其他研究与这一观点相悖。)”起到转折作用，引出与“孤独感”相反的研究结论，逻辑衔接紧密。故选A。【20题详析】上文“Thereisalsothebeliefthatparasocialrelationshipscansimplybelessdemandingandmorefunthanreal-liferelationships.(还有一种观点认为，准社会关系往往比现实关系要求更低，也更有趣。)”提出准社会关系比现实关系要求更低、更有趣；而下文“Plusthesubjectsofparasocialrelationshipsaretypicallytalented,beautiful,orfunny.(此外，准社会关系的对象通常都很有才华、颜值出众或风趣幽默。)”补充而且准社会关系的对象通常有才华、颜值高或有趣。选项G“Therearenoconflictsormaintenancethatneedtobeattendedto.(它没有需要处理的冲突，也无需费心维护。)”具体解释“要求更低”，与“更有趣”共同支撑本段核心观点，逻辑一致。故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Afterweekswrappedupinmyyoungestdaughter’swedding,itfeelslikeaquiet____21____tosaveasmall,warmmoment.Tobehonest,thehousehadbeen____22____withguestsfordays—bedsheetstoiron,mealstoarrange,last-minutedetailsatthevenue(宴会)to____23____out—andscarcelydidIdrawabreathuntilthefinalfarewellwasexchanged.Giventhatlifehasreturnedtoitsaccustomedroutine,Igladly____24____backintomyeverydayrhythm,startingwithanonlinegrocery____25____.Thedeliverycamerightas____26____:ayoungmanstoodatthedoorway,aheavybaghungonhisarm,hisvoicecalmashehandedovermypurchase.Iexpressedmygratitude,andhesetthebagdownontheentrytable____27____.Justasheturnedtodepart,hepaused.“Wouldyoumindaquick____28____?Whenliftingthebag,graspitfromthebottom—therearecartons(盒)ofmilkinside,andtheymight____29____ifyouonlyholditbythetophandles,”heremarked.Inodded,smilingtomyselfathis____30____.AsIwasputtingawaythegroceries,I____31____themilkcartonsattheverybottomofthebag.Withouthiswords,Iwouldhavegrabbedthebag____32____andwatcheditspill(洒)alloverthefloor.Inmoderntimes,wheneveryoneseems____33____fromonetasktothenext,herewassomeonewho____34____tothinkofothersandspeakpolitely.It’stheselittle,yetconsiderate____35____thatlightupanordinaryday,don’tyouthink?21.A.regret B.responsibility C.excitement D.relief22.A.blessed B.equipped C.packed D.connected23.A.pick B.sort C.leave D.hand24.A.settled B.fell C.looked D.called25.A.review B.order C.promotion D.exchange26.A.expected B.imagined C.indicated D.described27.A.decisively B.carelessly C.cautiously D.randomly28.A.question B.discussion C.service D.reminder29.A.runout B.slipout C.fadeaway D.stealaway30.A.reliability B.diligence C.sympathy D.thoughtfulness31.A.spotted B.pressed C.smelled D.laid32.A.curiously B.slowly C.unthinkingly D.carefully33.A.nervous B.hurried C.eased D.patient34.A.paused B.hesitated C.promised D.pretended35.A.reflections B.moods C.desires D.gestures【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.B26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在小女儿婚礼忙碌之后，通过一次网购配送中送货员的贴心提醒，感受到了生活中的小善意，这些小举动照亮了平凡的一天。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：忙活了好几个星期，终于办完了小女儿的婚礼，此刻能静下心来珍藏这一段温暖的小瞬间，心里总算松了口气。A.regret后悔；B.responsibility责任；C.excitement兴奋；D.relief宽慰，轻松。根据上文“Afterweekswrappedupinmyyoungestdaughter’swedding”可知，作者为女儿的婚礼忙碌了数周，现在应该是感到轻松。故选D。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，一连好几天，家里都挤满了客人——要熨床单、安排饭菜、还要把宴会现场最后那些杂事一一处理妥当，直到最后一声道别说完，我才总算喘了口气。A.blessed祝福；B.equipped装备；C.packed塞满，挤满；D.connected连接。根据下文“withguestsfordays”可知，家里这几天挤满了客人。固定搭配bepackedwith表示“挤满”。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.pick挑选；B.sort整理，分类；C.leave离开；D.hand传递。根据上文“bedsheetstoiron,mealstoarrange”可知，此处指整理宴会场地的最后细节，固定搭配sortout表示“整理，解决”。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然生活已经恢复了往常的节奏，我很高兴地回到了我的日常生活节奏中，首先是在网上订购杂货。A.settled安定下来；B.fell落下；C.looked看；D.called打电话。根据上文“lifehasreturnedtoitsaccustomedroutine”可知，生活已经恢复了往常的节奏，所以作者很高兴地安定下来，回到日常生活节奏中。settlebackinto表示“重新回到，安定下来”。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.review评论；B.order订单；C.promotion提升；D.exchange交换。根据上文“onlinegrocery”可知，是在网上订购杂货。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：快递如约送到了门口：一个年轻小伙子站在门边，胳膊上挎着沉甸甸的袋子，语气平静地把东西递给我。A.expected期望，预料；B.imagined想象；C.indicated表明；D.described描述。根据下文“ayoungmanstoodatthedoorway,”可知，快递如约送到了门口。故选A。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我表达了感谢，他小心翼翼地把袋子放在入口处的桌子上。A.decisively果断地；B.carelessly粗心地；C.cautiously小心地；D.randomly随意地。根据下文“Whenliftingthebag,graspitfromthebottom—therearecartons(盒)ofmilkinside,andtheymight________ifyouonlyholditbythetophandles”可知，快递员提醒作者提袋子时要从底部抓，因为里面有牛奶盒，如果只从顶部提可能会洒出来，所以此处指他小心翼翼地把袋子放在桌子上。故选C。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你介意我提醒一下吗？A.question问题；B.discussion讨论；C.service服务；D.reminder提醒。根据下文“Whenliftingthebag,graspitfromthebottom—therearecartons(盒)ofmilkinside,andtheymight________ifyouonlyholditbythetophandles”可知，快递员在提醒作者提袋子时的注意事项。故选D。【29题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：拎袋子的时候要从底下托住——里面有几盒牛奶，如果只拎上面的提手，可能会滑出来洒掉。A.runout用完；B.slipout洒出，漏出；C.fadeaway消失；D.stealaway偷走。根据上文“therearecartonsofmilkinside”可知，里面有牛奶盒，如果只从顶部提，可能会洒出来。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我点点头，心里笑着感慨他的细心体贴。A.reliability可靠性；B.diligence勤奋；C.sympathy同情；D.thoughtfulness体贴。根据上文“Whenliftingthebag,graspitfromthebottom—therearecartons(盒)ofmilk