山东省淄博市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省淄博市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASharedmobility(出行)couldbeakeypartofagreenertransportationsystem.Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.For-profitsharedmobilityprovidershavelargelyfailedtodeliveronthis.Here’sthebreakdownofbarrierstousingbikesharesfordifferentpeople.BarrierstousingbikesharesVariousinitiativesandprojectsarefindingcreativesolutionstoreachingunderservedcommunities.On-demandsharedmobilitythatfeedsintowell-developedpublictransportationsystemscouldreducethenumberofvehiclesinsomecitiesby90percentandcuttransportationemissions(排放)by50percent—butonlyifitlargelyreplacesprivatecaruse.Subsidy(补贴)programsforlow-incomeresidentshaveshownpromiseinincreasingtheuseofsharedmobilitywhiledecreasingtheuseofpersonalvehicles.E-BikeLibraryprogramsincludemaintainingthebikes,organizingtraining,groupridesandeducationaleventstofamiliarizepeoplewithcyclingcultureandsafety.Mobitwin,asocialtransportationserviceforelderlypeopleandthosewithreducedmobility,letselderlypeoplerequestaridefromavolunteerforasmallfee.Station-basedsystemswherecarsarepickedupanddroppedoffatfixedlocationscanalsomakeiteasierforwomentoplanfortheirtransportationneeds.“Beingabletogetoutandaboutisanecessarypartofparticipatinginsociety,andreducedmobilitygoeshandinhandwithsocialloneliness,”saysEsenKöse,aprojectmanageratMpact.“Wewanttomakesurethatpeoplewhoareoftennotinthesocietalcycleofgoingtoworkorgoingtoschool,whoareactuallyoftenleftout,stillhaveanoptiontogetoutofthehouseanddothesimpledailythings,likegoingtothestore,goingtothehairdresserandseeingfamilies.”1.Forman,whatpercentageofbarriersdoesunfamiliarityaccountfor?A.53%. B.15%. C.34%. D.19%.2.Whichprojectismostsuitableforafemalephotographer?A.Subsidyprograms. B.E-BikeLibraryprograms.C.Mobitwin. D.Station-basedsystems.3.WhatisEsenKöse’sexpectationregardingpeoplewithreducedmobility?A.Aidingthemtogetjobs. B.Makingthembettereducated.C.Helpingthemgetaround. D.Lettingthemfeelignored.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了共享出行在构建绿色交通系统中的作用，还列举了不同人群使用共享单车的障碍及一些相关解决方案项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据图表可知，对于“Lowerincome(male)(低收入男性)”而言，“BARRIER1:Lackoffamiliaritywiththebikesharesystem(障碍一：对共享单车系统不熟悉)”占比34%，对于“Higherincome(male)(高收入男性)”而言，占19%。所以，对男性来说，“对共享单车系统不熟悉”这一障碍占比为53%。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中“Station-basedsystemswherecarsarepickedupanddroppedoffatfixedlocationscanalsomakeiteasierforwomentoplanfortheirtransportationneeds.(在固定地点接送车辆的基于站点的系统也可以让女性更容易规划她们的出行需求)”可知，基于站点的系统能方便女性规划出行，所以对于女性摄影师来说最合适。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中EsenKöse的话“Wewanttomakesurethatpeoplewhoareoftennotinthesocietalcycleofgoingtoworkorgoingtoschool,whoareactuallyoftenleftout,stillhaveanoptiontogetoutofthehouseanddothesimpledailythings,likegoingtothestore,goingtothehairdresserandseeingfamilies.(我们想确保那些经常不在上班或上学的社会循环中，实际上经常被忽视的人，仍然有机会走出家门，做一些简单的日常事情，比如去商店、去理发店和看望家人)”可知，EsenKöse期望帮助行动不便的人出行。故选C项。BKatalinKarikó,aHungarian-bornbiochemistknownforherpioneeringresearchintoRNAtreatment,wasawardedthe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Growingupinasmallvillage,Karikóexpressedaninterestinnatureandexcelledacademicallyinsciencefromanearlyage.Aftergraduatingwithadoctoraldegree,sheacceptedapositionataBiologicalResearchCentreinHungary,whereshebeganherinvestigationsofmodifiednucleosides(核苷).Duetothelackoffinancial(财政)supportforherresearch,KarikómovedtotwodifferentinstitutionsforresearchintheUS,whereshemadeadvancesthatinspiredhertoexplorefurther.Aftervarietiesoffailuresinapplyingherfindingstomedicalexperiments,whichcostlargeamountsofmoney,shefinallymadeamajorbreakthrough,fueledbytheurgencytodevelopavaccine(疫苗)thatcouldhelppreventorreducetheseverityofinfection.Unliketraditionalvaccinedevelopment,thegenerationofmRNAvaccinesisrelativelyrapid,whichcontributesmuchtothewholeworld.Karikówasnostrangertoawards.InadditiontotheNobelPrize,herworkwasrecognizedwithnumeroushonors,includingtheLewisS.RosenstielAwardforDistinguishedWorkinBasicMedicalResearchin2020,theLasker-DeBakeyMedicalResearchAwardin2021aswellastheLouisaGrossHorwitzPrizein2021.Inaninterviewonhersuccess.shesaid“Isupposethemessageofallaboutthisisthatperseverancecanpayoffintheend.Ibelieveinthefirst14yearsofyourlife—yourteens,yourparents,yourteachersandyourfriends.Theyshapeyouthepersonwhoyouwillbe.”Whenaskedhowtobalancehercareerandthefamily,herwordswere“Itrytotellfellowfemalescientiststhatyoudon’thavetochoosebetweenhavingafamilyorcareer,youcanhaveit,andthatyoujustdon’thavetoover-assistyourchild.Yourchildrenwillwatchyouandthentheywillfollow.That’swhatcomes—theexampleyoupresent.”4.What’sthemajorproblemforKarikó’searlyresearch?A.Theshortageoffunding. B.Hercountlessfailures.C.Thelackofinspiration. D.Herdifferentnationality.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutKarikó?A.Shereceivedpooreducationinchildhood.B.Shewashonoredwithmanyprizesinparenting.C.Shetransferredtotwodifferentcountriesforfurtherresearch.D.Shewasextraordinaryacademicallyinsciencewhenyoung.6.Whatdoestheinterviewillustrateinthelastparagraph?A.Therelatedexperiencesdetermineone’ssuccess.B.Modelingisimportantineducatingchildren.C.Successispurelybasedonone’snaturaltalent.D.Femalesmustmakechoicesbetweenfamilyandcareer.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKarikó?A.Talentedandgenerous. B.Determinedbutmean.C.Brilliantandperseverant. D.Intelligentbutdependent.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了KatalinKarikó的成长经历、科研历程、重大成就及个人观点。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Duetothelackoffinancial(财政)supportforherresearch,KarikómovedtotwodifferentinstitutionsforresearchintheUS,whereshemadeadvancesthatinspiredhertoexplorefurther.(由于研究缺乏资金支持，Karikó辗转到美国的两所机构从事研究工作，在那里她取得了一些进展，这激励着她进一步探索。)”可知，Karikó早期研究面临的主要问题是资金短缺。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Growingupinasmallvillage,Karikóexpressedaninterestinnatureandexcelledacademicallyinsciencefromanearlyage.Aftergraduatingwithadoctoraldegree,sheacceptedapositionataBiologicalResearchCentreinHungary,whereshebeganherinvestigationsofmodifiednucleosides(核苷).(Karikó在一个小村庄长大，从小就对大自然表现出浓厚的兴趣，并且在科学学科上成绩优异。获得博士学位后，她在匈牙利的一个生物研究中心任职，在那里开始了对修饰核苷的研究。)”可知，Karikó年轻时在科学方面学业出众。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whenaskedhowtobalancehercareerandthefamily,herwordswere“Itrytotellfellowfemalescientiststhatyoudon’thavetochoosebetweenhavingafamilyorcareer,youcanhaveit,andthatyoujustdon’thavetoover-assistyourchild.Yourchildrenwillwatchyouandthentheywillfollow.That’swhatcomes—theexampleyoupresent.”(当被问及如何平衡事业和家庭时，她表示：“我想告诉其他女性科学家，不必在家庭和事业之间做选择，两者可以兼顾，而且不必过度帮助孩子。你的孩子会观察你，然后效仿你。这就是榜样的力量。”)”可知，Karikó认为父母的榜样作用在教育孩子过程中至关重要。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“KatalinKarikó,aHungarian-bornbiochemistknownforherpioneeringresearchintoRNAtreatment,wasawardedthe2023NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.(KatalinKarikó是一位出生于匈牙利的生物化学家，以其在RNA疗法方面的开创性研究而闻名，她获得了2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。)”可知，Karikó开创性研究mRNA疫苗并获诺贝尔奖，体现了她才华横溢；再根据第三段“Aftervarietiesoffailuresinapplyingherfindingstomedicalexperiments,whichcostlargeamountsofmoney,shefinallymadeamajorbreakthrough,fueledbytheurgencytodevelopavaccine(疫苗)thatcouldhelppreventorreducetheseverityofinfection.(在将研究成果应用于医学实验的过程中，她经历了种种失败，耗费了大量资金，但在研发一种能够帮助预防或降低感染严重性的疫苗这一迫切需求的推动下，她最终取得了重大突破。)”可知，Karikó在研究中遭遇失败却坚持下去，最终取得了突破，这体现了她的坚持不懈。故选C。CInthe1600s,thereweremanywhalesinCapeCodBayofftheeastcoastoftheAmerica.Today,theynumberinthehundreds,andthey’reendangered.Likethem,manyspeciesofwhalesaroundtheworldsawtheirnumbershugelydecreasedby200yearsofwhaling.Theywerehuntedandkilledfortheirwhalemeat,oilandwhalebone.Unfortunately,manypeoplehaven’trealizedthatitisadeadlydamage.Actually,whalesareecosystemengineerswhohelpmaintainthestabilityandhealthoftheoceans,andevenprovideservicestohumansociety.Savingwhalesiscriticaltotheecosystemoftheoceans.What’sreallycoolisthatwhalesarereallyimportantafterthey’redead.Whalecarcasses(尸体）aresomeofthelargestformstofallfromtheocean’ssurface,andthey’recalledwhalefall.Asthesecarcassessink,theyprovideafeast(盛宴)tosome400-oddspecies.Overthe200yearsofwhaling,whenwewerebusykillingandremovingthesecarcassesfromtheoceans,welikelychangedthegeographicspreadofthesewhalefallsthatwouldgodownintodeepoceans,probablyleadingtoanumberofextinctionsofspeciesthatweredependentonthesecarcassesfortheirsurvival.Whalecarcassesarealsoknowntotransportabout190,000tonsofcarbon,whichistheequivalent(等同)ofthatproducedby80,000carsperyearfromtheatmospheretothedeepoceans,andthedeepoceansarewhatwecall“carbonsinks,”becausetheyholdextracarbonfromtheatmosphere,andthereforehelptopostponeglobalwarming.The200yearsofwhalingwasclearlyharmfulandcausedareductioninthepopulationofwhalesbetween60to90percent.Clearly,theSavetheWhalesmovementwashelpfulinpreventingcommercialwhalingfromgoingon.Let’ssavethewhalesagain,butthistime,let’salsodoitforours.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stability”meaninparagraph1?A.Variety. B.Unchangeableness. C.Significance. D.Safety.9.Whatisthedirectresultofwhalingactivitiesoverthepast200years?A.Thechangeofglobalclimate. B.Thecrashofnaturalcycle.C.Thedisappearanceofsomeoceanspecies. D.Theextinctionof400marinespecies.10.Howdowhalecarcasseshelpdelayglobalwarming?A.Byreducing190,000tonsofcarbon. B.Bycarryingcarbonintodeepoceans.C.Byabsorbingcarbonof80,000cars. D.Byremovingcarbonfromdeepocean.11.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectwhales. B.Todescribethehistoricalprocessofwhaling.C.Todemonstratetheextinctionofdeep-seaspecies. D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofwhalecarcasses.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕鲸鱼的生态价值展开，通过科学事实和历史数据，向读者普及鲸鱼保护的重要性。【8题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Actually,whalesareecosystemengineerswhohelpmaintainthestabilityandhealthoftheoceans,andevenprovideservicestohumansociety.(事实上，鲸鱼是生态系统的工程师，它们帮助维持海洋的……与健康，甚至还能为人类社会提供助力。)”可推测，“stability”与“健康”并列，均描述海洋生态系统的良好状态。选项B“Unchangeableness”意为“不改变的”在此处可理解为海洋生态系统的稳定、安全状态，与“维持海洋健康”逻辑一致，符合“stability”在语境中的含义。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthe200yearsofwhaling,whenwewerebusykillingandremovingthesecarcassesfromtheoceans,welikelychangedthegeographicspreadofthesewhalefallsthatwouldgodownintodeepoceans,probablyleadingtoanumberofextinctionsofspeciesthatweredependentonthesecarcassesfortheirsurvival.(在长达200年的捕鲸史中，我们忙着捕杀鲸鱼并将其尸体从海洋中移走，这很可能改变了这些鲸落沉入深海的地理分布，或许还导致了许多依赖这些尸体生存的物种灭绝。)”可知，捕鲸活动的直接结果之一是部分海洋物种的消失。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Whalecarcassesarealsoknowntotransportabout190,000tonsofcarbon,whichistheequivalent(等同)ofthatproducedby80,000carsperyearfromtheatmospheretothedeepoceans,andthedeepoceansarewhatwecall“carbonsinks,”becausetheyholdextracarbonfromtheatmosphere,andthereforehelptopostponeglobalwarming.(据悉，鲸鱼尸体还能将约19万吨碳从大气中输送到深海——这相当于每年8万辆汽车所产生的碳排放量。而深海被我们称为“碳汇”，因为它们能储存大气中多余的碳，从而有助于延缓全球变暖。)”可知，鲸鱼尸体通过将碳输送到深海来延缓全球变暖。故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出鲸鱼因捕鲸活动数量锐减，强调鲸鱼对海洋生态系统的重要性（维持稳定、鲸落的作用、碳汇功能等），结尾明确呼吁“Let’ssavethewhalesagain,butthistime,let’salsodoitforours”（让我们再次拯救鲸鱼，这一次也是为了我们自己）。由此可见，文章的核心目的是“呼吁人们保护鲸鱼”。故选A。DAheritagelanguageisalanguagethatisn’tthe“mostpowerful”languageofaregion,butisstilllearnedbychildrenintheirhomes(thus,it’stheirheritage).Anylanguagecanbeaheritagelanguage,dependingonthesurroundingsocialcontext.English,forexample,isoftenaprimarylanguage,butcouldtechnicallybeaheritagelanguageifsomeone’sEnglish-speakingparentsmovedfrom,say,theUnitedKingdomtoJapan.Heritagelanguagescanbesomeone’snativelanguage,butthetwotermsaren’tinterchangeable.Anativelanguageisthelanguageorlanguagesapersonlearnswhenthey’reveryyoungwhileheritagelanguagescanbedeterminedbyabroadrangeofsocialandculturalfactors.Usually,peoplespeaktheirnativelanguageverywell.Someone’sabilitiesintheirheritagelanguagecanvaryquiteabit,however.Somepeoplemaymasteritwellbecausetheylearneditalotwhentheywerechildren,whileothersmayspeakitbutnotreadit,andstillothersmaystrugglewithspeakingitatall.TheUnitedStateshasover56millionSpanishspeakers,andalargepartofthoseareheritagelearnersofthelanguage.AresearchfoundthatthepercentageofpeoplewhoreportspeakingSpanish“well”dropsfrom91to82forfirst-andsecond-generationimmigrants(移民).Whilethatmightseemsmall,itgetsmuchmoreevidentafterthat,withthird-andfourth-generationimmigrantsdroppingto47percent.Thereareacoupleofreasonswhyheritagelanguages—andSpanishinparticular—tendstodropofffromgenerationtogeneration.Thefirstoneisthattheheritagelanguageislessimportanttogetaroundinsociety.Whenapersonneedsthemajoritylanguagetogotoschool,getajobandinteractwithmostpeoplearoundthem,it’snotsurprisingthattheheritagelanguagemightseemlessimportant.Anotherreasonissomeparentsencouragetheirchildrennottousetheirheritagelanguage.It’sunfortunatebuttruethatspeakinganotherlanguageisstillacausefordiscrimination(歧视)today.Heritagelanguagesmayhaveahardtimelastingfromgenerationtogeneration,butit’snotonlyastoryofdecline(衰弱).Therearecountlesspeopleintheworldwhogooutoftheirwaytolearntheirheritagelanguages—somelearntheheritagelanguagelaterinlife—andhelpotherstodothesame.Ifyou’veeverthoughtaboutreconnectingwithaheritagelanguage,it’snevertoolatetogetstarted.There’snotimelikethepresent.12.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinparagraph1?A.Bymentioninganexpert. B.Byexplainingaterm.C.Bydescribingascene. D.Byprovidingdata.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceoflearningheritagelanguageswhenlittle.B.Thevariationsinpeople’sabilitiestospeakheritagelanguages.C.Thedifferencesbetweenheritagelanguagesandnativelanguages.D.Thesimilaritiesbetweenthebroadrangeofsocialandculturalfactors.14.WhatisonereasonforthedeclineofHeritagelanguagesintheUS?A.Appearancediscrimination. B.Generationgap.C.Varyingcultures. D.Losingpopularity.15.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Parentsplayakeyroleinprotectingheritagelanguages.B.Heritagelanguages’difficulttimewillendinthenearfuture.C.Effortshavebeenmadetowardstheheritagelanguages’survival.D.Somepeopleconsiderittoolatetobringheritagelanguagesbacktolife.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传承语的定义、与母语的区别，以美国西班牙语为例说明其代际衰减现象及原因，同时提到有人主动学习，鼓励人们重拾传承语。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Aheritagelanguageisalanguagethatisn’tthe‘mostpowerful’languageofaregion,butisstilllearnedbychildrenintheirhomes(thus,it’stheirheritage).(传承语言是指在某个地区并非‘最强势’的语言，但仍由儿童在家中学习（因此是他们的“传承”）)”可知，第一段是用解释术语的方法提出主题的。故选B项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段首句即主题句“Heritagelanguagescanbesomeone’snativelanguage,butthetwotermsaren’tinterchangeable.Anativelanguageisthelanguageorlanguagesapersonlearnswhenthey’reveryyoungwhileheritagelanguagescanbedeterminedbyabroadrangeofsocialandculturalfactors.(传承语言可以是某人的母语，但这两个术语并不完全相同。母语是指一个人在很小的时候学习的语言，而传承语言则受到更广泛的社会和文化因素的影响)”可知，本段主要介绍传承语言和母语之间的差异。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thereareacoupleofreasonswhyheritagelanguages—andSpanishinparticular—tendstodropofffromgenerationtogeneration.Thefirstoneisthattheheritagelanguageislessimportanttogetaroundinsociety.Whenapersonneedsthemajoritylanguagetogotoschool,getajobandinteractwithmostpeoplearoundthem,it’snotsurprisingthattheheritagelanguagemightseemlessimportant.(传承语言——尤其是西班牙语——之所以在代际之间逐渐流失，有几个原因。首先，在社会中，传承语言的重要性相对较低。当一个人需要使用主流语言上学、找工作，并与周围大多数人交流时，传承语言就显得不那么重要了)”可知，传承语言呈现衰退的其中一个原因是因为这种语言在生活和工作中不是主流语言，使用范围太小，不流行。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therearecountlesspeopleintheworldwhogooutoftheirwaytolearntheirheritagelanguages—somelearntheheritagelanguagelaterinlife—andhelpotherstodothesame.Ifyou’veeverthoughtaboutreconnectingwithaheritagelanguage,it’snevertoolatetogetstarted.There’snotimelikethepresent.(世界上有无数人努力去学习自己的传承语言——有些人是在人生的后期才开始学习的——并帮助他人也这样做。如果你曾经想过重新连接自己的传承语言，现在就是开始的最好时机)”可知，本段介绍了很多人为传承语言的继续存在而做出努力。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhyitis,thatwhenthedessertmenuarrives,somehow,youalwaysseemtohavespace?___16___TheteamattheMaxPlanckInstituteforBiologyofAgeingfoundthatthesamenervecells(细胞)thatmakeusfeelfullafteramealarealsoresponsibleforoursweetdesireafterwards.Herearefourwaystoworkwithyourbodyifyouwanttoreducethesweettooth.Filluponfibre(纤维).Uppingfibreinthedietcanpreventbloodsugarrisingwhichdrivessugardesires.Itcauseschangesinthestomachthatdirectlyaffectthebrain,makingyoulesslikelytolongforsugaryfoods.___17___Andleavetheskinsonpotatoesforanimmediatefibreincrease.Ensurehealthyfatsandprotein(蛋白质)inyourmeal.Theymakeyoufeelmoresatisfiedandlesslikelytoreachforsomethingsweetafterameal.Healthyfats,intheformoffull-fatmilkandnuts,andproteinineggs,fishandbeans,areimportantindetermininghowsatisfiedyoufeel.___18___Tryeatingmindfully.Thedesireforsweetfoodcomesfromtheneedtobecomforted,particularlywhenwearestressed.Weofteneatasugarysnackbecauseweignoreourbody’shungersignals.Sobeforereachingforthatbiscuit,askyourselfthesequestions:___19___AmIjustboredorinneedofabreak?___20___Ifyouaregoingtoeatdessert,choosesmallerpartsandfindacomfortplaceinwhichyoueatthem.Useaplate,sitdownandenjoyyoursnack.Youcanmakemorehealthysweettreatstoo.Haveasquareofdarkchocolatewithateaspoonofnutbuttertosatisfyyoursweettoothinamoresustainingway.A.Focusonwhatyoueat.B.AmIeagerforabarofchocolate?C.Sotrytoincludethemineverymeal.D.CanIridethisoutuntilthenextmeal?E.Well,researchersmighthavetheanswer.F.Enjoythedessertifyou’regoingtohaveit.G.Switchtowholegrainbread,riceandnoodles.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.D20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家揭示饭后想吃甜食的原因，并提供了减少对甜食渴望的四种方法。【16题详析】由上文“Haveyoueveraskedyourselfwhyitis,thatwhenthedessertmenuarrives,somehow,youalwaysseemtohavespace?(你有没有问过自己，为什么当甜点菜单端上来的时候，不知怎么的，你似乎总是有空间？)”和下文“TheteamattheMaxPlanckInstituteforBiologyofAgeingfoundthatthesamenervecells(细胞)thatmakeusfeelfullafteramealarealsoresponsibleforoursweetdesireafterwards.(马克斯·普朗克衰老生物学研究所的研究小组发现，让我们饭后有饱腹感的同一组神经细胞也负责我们之后的甜食欲望。)”可知，本空应表明研究人员可能有上述现象的答案。E选项“Well,researchersmighthavetheanswer.(那么研究人员可能找到了答案。)”符合题意，能承上启下。故选E。【17题详析】由上文“Uppingfibreinthedietcanpreventbloodsugarrisingwhichdrivessugardesires.Itcauseschangesinthestomachthatdirectlyaffectthebrain,makingyoulesslikelytolongforsugaryfoods.(增加饮食中的纤维可以防止血糖升高，从而抑制对糖的渴望。它会引起胃部的变化，直接影响大脑，使你不太可能渴望含糖食物。)”和下文“Andleavetheskinsonpotatoesforanimmediatefibreincrease.(保留土豆皮可以立即增加纤维。)”可知，本空应建议增加纤维的方法，G选项“Switchtowholegrainbread,riceandnoodles.(改吃全麦面包、米饭和面条。)”也是增加纤维的方法，符合题意。故选G。【18题详析】由上文“Ensurehealthyfatsandprotein(蛋白质)inyourmeal.Theymakeyoufeelmoresatisfiedandlesslikelytoreachforsomethingsweetafterameal.Healthyfats,intheformoffull-fatmilkandnuts,andproteinineggs,fishandbeans,areimportantindetermininghowsatisfiedyoufeel.(确保你的饮食中含有健康的脂肪和蛋白质。它们会让你感到更满足，减少饭后吃甜食的可能性。健康脂肪，如全脂牛奶和坚果，以及鸡蛋、鱼和豆类中的蛋白质，在决定你的满足感方面很重要。)”可知，健康脂肪和蛋白质很重要，所以要坚持吃。C选项“Sotrytoincludethemineverymeal.(所以尽量每餐都吃。)”符合题意，是对上文的总结和建议。故选C。【19题详析】由上文“Tryeatingmindfully.Thedesireforsweetfoodcomesfromtheneedtobecomforted,particularlywhenwearestressed.Weofteneatasugarysnackbecauseweignoreourbody’shungersignals.Sobeforereachingforthatbiscuit,askyourselfthesequestions:(尝试用心进食。对甜食的渴望源于我们渴望得到安慰的需求，尤其是在我们倍感压力的时候。我们常常会吃含糖零食，是因为我们忽略了身体发出的饥饿信号。所以，在伸手去拿那块饼干之前，先问问自己这些问题：)”及下文“AmIjustboredorinneedofabreak?(我只是觉得无聊还是需要休息一下？)”可知，本空应是一个与吃甜食欲望相关的问题，用于引导读者进行自我反思。B选项“AmIeagerforabarofchocolate?(我渴望一块巧克力吗？)”只是单纯询问是否想吃某种甜食，并没有触及“渴望的本质”，与上文“判断需求合理性”的逻辑不匹配。而D选项“CanIridethisoutuntilthenextmeal?(我能坚持到下一顿饭吗？)”则是通过思考“是否真的饥饿到必须吃甜食”来判断需求的真实性，与上下文“反思渴望背后的原因”的核心逻辑一致，更符合语境。故选D。【20题详析】由下文“Ifyouaregoingtoeatdessert,choosesmallerpartsandfindacomfortplaceinwhichyoueatthem.Useaplate,sitdownandenjoyyoursnack.Youcanmakemorehealthysweettreatstoo.(如果你要吃甜点，选择小份的，找一个舒服的地方吃。用盘子盛着，坐下来享受你的零食。你也可以做更多健康的甜食。)”可知，本空应建议想吃甜食的享受建议，F选项“Enjoythedessertifyou’regoingtohaveit.(如果你要吃甜点，就好好享受吧。)”符合题意，是对下文的概括。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LisaÖsterlund,ahealthy46-year-old,suddenlyfoundswimmingandcyclingimpossible.___21___fromGravesdisease,shecouldn'ttakestandardmedicine.Sosheneededstrong___22___,includingpowerfuldrugs,whichmadeherverytiredandfeelsick.This___23___justaftershestartedherperfectjobatSwedishPublicRadio.Medicineforhereyeslefthertoowornoutto___24___onherwork.Seekingenergy,Lisaturnedto___25___.In2018,shestartedlearningFrenchpart-timeatStockholmUniversity.Deeplyfocusedonherstudiesand___26___byolderstudents,shefeltrenewed.___27___,herhealthimproved—studyingbecameher“othermedicine”.Knowingherillnesscouldreturn,Lisasought___28___futurework,soshehadmorefreetimetobeginaseconddegreeinFrenchTranslationatLundUniversity.At52,sheused___29___shecouldsparetopayforit,tooktimeoffwork,andmovedintostudenthousingfarfromhomewiththoseofherchildren's____30____.Nowwithtwodegrees,LisatranslatesFrenchbooksandworksinradioandcontinuesherradio____31____.SupportedbySweden'spaidstudyleavepolicy,sheisnow____32____aMaster'sdegree.Lisa'sexperience____33____education'sroleinhealing（治愈）andcreatingnewpaths.Lisabelievesstudying____34____apersonbyopeningmindsandconnectingthemwithdrivenpeople.Herstorystandsas____35____thatembracinglearningrebuildsstrengthandcreatesfreshopportunities,evenduringdifficulttimes,atanystageoflife.21.A.Recovering B.Suffering C.Benefiting D.Preventing22.A.experiments B.exercises C.diets D.treatments23.A.happened B.worked C.disappeared D.ended24.A.comment B.act C.concentrate D.depend25.A.education B.travel C.health D.sports26.A.ignored B.persuaded C.inspired D.puzzled27.A.Sadly B.Gradually C.Naturally D.Probably28.A.difficult B.boring C.challenging D.flexible29.A.savings B.donations C.strength D.efforts30.A.position B.interest C.age D.advantage31.A.hobby B.routine C.program D.career32.A.applyingfor B.askingfor C.caringfor D.lookingfor33.A.doubts B.explains C.highlights D.describes34.A.comforts B.transforms C.respects D.judges35.A.dream B.risk C.theory D.proof【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.C27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了46岁原本健康的丽莎，因患格雷夫斯病无法服用标准药物，接受的治疗使她疲惫不适，影响工作。为寻求精力，她转向学习，在学习法语过程中健康得到改善。考虑到病情可能反复，她选择灵活的工作，继续学习并获得两个学位，如今从事法语翻译和电台工作，还在申请硕士学位，她的经历证明了学习能在困难时期重塑力量、创造机会。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于患有格雷夫斯病，她不能服用标准药物。A.Recovering恢复；B.Suffering遭受；C.Benefiting受益；D.Preventing阻止。根据下文“Gravesdisease”可知，这里指丽莎患格雷夫斯病。sufferfrom为固定短语，意为“遭受……疾病”，故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以她需要强力治疗，包括服用强效药物，这让她非常疲惫且感到恶心。A.experiments实验；B.exercises锻炼；C.diets饮食；D.treatments治疗。根据下文“includingpowerfuldrugs”可知，服用药物是一种治疗方式，这里指她需要治疗，故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事就发生在她在瑞典公共广播电台开始那份理想工作之后。A.happened发生；B.worked起作用，工作；C.disappeared消失；D.ended结束。这里指她生病这件事发生在开始新工作之后，happen符合语境，故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：治疗眼睛的药物让她疲惫不堪，无法集中精力工作。A.comment评论；B.act行动；C.concentrate集中（注意力）；D.depend依靠。根据上文“toowornout”可知，她因疲惫无法集中精力工作，concentrateon“集中精力于……”，故选C项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了寻求活力，丽莎转向了学习。A.education教育，学习；B.travel旅行；C.health健康；D.sports运动。根据下文“shestartedlearningFrenchpart-timeatStockholmUniversity”可知，她开始学习法语，所以是转向学习，故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她全身心投入学习，并受到年长学生的鼓舞，感觉焕然一新。A.ignored忽视；B.persuaded说服；C.inspired鼓舞；D.puzzled使困惑。根据下文“shefeltrenewed”可知，她感觉焕然一新，受到年长学生鼓舞符合语境，故选C项。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，她的健康状况有所改善——学习成了她的“另一种药物”。A.Sadly悲伤地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Naturally自然地；D.Probably可能地。根据常识可知，健康状况改善是一个逐渐的过程，gradually符合语境，故选B项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：知道自己的病情可能会复发，丽莎寻找灵活的未来工作，这样她就有更多空闲时间在隆德大学开始攻读法语翻译的第二个学位。A.difficult困难的；B.boring无聊的；C.challenging有挑战性的；D.flexible灵活的。根据下文“soshehadmorefreetime”可知，她需要有更多空闲时间，所以找的是灵活的工作，故选D项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：52岁时，她用自己能省下的积蓄支付学费，请假离开工作，搬到离家很远的学生宿舍，和与她孩子年龄相仿的人住在一起。A.savings积蓄；B.donations捐赠；C.strength力量；D.efforts努力。根据下文“topayforit”可知，这里指用积蓄支付学费，故选A项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：52岁时，她用自己能省下的积蓄支付学费，请假离开工作，搬到离家很远的学生宿舍，和与她孩子年龄相仿的人住在一起。A.position位置；B.interest兴趣；C.age年龄；D.advantage优势。根据上文“beginaseconddegreeinFrenchTranslationatLundUniversity.”可知，在学生宿舍住的是学生，年龄和她孩子相仿，故选C项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在丽莎拥有两个学位，从事法语书籍翻译工作，还在电台工作，继续她的电台职业生涯。A.hobby爱好；B.routine日常；C.program节目；D.career职业。根据上文“worksinradio”可知，她在电台有工作，这里指继续电台职业生涯，故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在瑞典带薪学习假政策的支持下，她现在正在申请硕士学位。A.applyingfor申请；B.askingfor要求；C.caringfor照顾；D.lookingfor寻找。根据下文“aMaster'sdegree”可知，是申请硕士学位，故选A项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：丽莎的经历突显了教育在治愈和开辟新道路方面的作用。A.doubts怀疑；B.explains解释；C.highlights突显；D.describes描述。丽莎通过学习改善健康并开启新工作路径，她的经历突显了教育的作用，highlight符合语境，故选C项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：丽莎相信学习通过开阔思维并将人们与有干劲的人联系起来，从而改变一个人。A.comforts安慰；B.