新编英语国家概况-Chapter 12Education,Mass Media,and Holidays

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesChapter12Education,MassMedia,andHolidaysWatchthevideoandthinkaboutthequestion.Whatisthemostimpressivethingyoulearnedfromthevideo?Lead-inThinkandTalkDiscusswithyourpartnerbeforewebegin.WhatshouldAmericanstudentsdotoprepareforentrancetouniversitiesandcolleges?WhatdoyouknowaboutfamousAmericanuniversities?WhatarethefullnamesofCBS,NBC,ABC,andVOA?WhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanholidays?Contents01EducationMassMediaHolidaysandFestivalsQuiz020304PART01EducationEducationalsystemandFamousUniversitiesGovernedbystateandlocalgovernmentsEachofthe50stateshasitsownlawsregulatingeducation.Allstatesrequireyoungpeopletoattendschool.Agelimit:mostlyupto16,someupto18EducationElementaryandsecondaryeducationarethebasisofpubliceducationcompulsorydividedinto12gradesoneacademicyear:generallyfrommid-AugustorearlySeptemberthroughMayorJuneEducationalSystemElementaryandsecondaryeducationExample1:Elementaryschool(gradesonethrougheight)Highschool(thenextfouryears)Example2:Elementaryschool(gradesonethroughsix)Juniorhighschool(gradesseventhroughnine)Seniorhighschool(grades10through12)EducationalSystem̶ElementaryandsecondaryeducationTwoexamplesofmanydifferentschoolsystemsElementaryschoolsteach:reading,arithmetic,andlanguageartssuchascreativewritingandspeakingsocialstudies,science,music,thearts,andphysicaleducationClasssize:averagearound20(accordingtodatafromtheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsfrom2020to2021)considerablevariationswhenitcomestoindividualschoolsNow,manyschoolsgenerallytrytohaveasmallerclasssize.EducationalSystem̶ElementaryandsecondaryeducationInhighschool,thecurriculumbecomesmorespecialized.English:writing,grammar,andreadingcomprehensionSocialstudies:Americanhistory,government,worldhistory,etc.Algebraandgeometry

Science:biology,chemistry,and

physicsForeignlanguages:usuallyFrenchorSpanish(Chinesebecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomeareas)VocationaleducationforvarioustechnicalcareersEducationalSystem̶ElementaryandsecondaryeducationWhenstudentsreachhighschool,theyareveryconsciousoftheimportanceofobtaininggoodmarksintheirschoolworkiftheywishtoattendacompetitiveuniversity.CollegeapplicantsarechosenonthebasisofhighschoolrecordsrecommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachersinterviewsscoresoncommonstandardizedtestsforcollegeAdmissions(SATandACTscores)EducationalSystem̶ElementaryandsecondaryeducationHighereducationintheU.S.beganin1636withthefoundingofHarvardCollege(originallynamed“NewCollege”).Comprisingfourcategoriesofinstitutions:universities(publicandprivate)liberalartscollegestechnicalschoolscommunitycollegesEducationalSystemHighereducationUndergraduatedegreesassociatedegreetypicallyofferedatcommunitycolleges;earnedthroughadedicatedtwo-yearprogramorusedasasteppingstonetowardafour-yearinstitutionbachelor’sdegreeusuallyawardedtostudentswhocompleteaminimumof120collegecreditsatfour-yearfull-timecolleges,universities,orspecializedinstitutesofferinggreatflexibilityandprovidingawiderangeofcoursesCreditsareearnedbyattendinglecturesorlabclassesandbysuccessfullycompletingassignmentsandexaminations.EducationalSystem̶HighereducationThreefunctionsteachingresearchpublicserviceSomestudentschoosetopursuefurthereducationbeyondtheirfour-yearundergraduatestudiesbyenrollingingraduateprograms.master’sdegreedoctoraldegreeEducationalSystem̶HighereducationEachcollegeoruniversityintheUnitedStateshasitsownemphasiswithregardtoitsfunctions.Tuitionandlivingexpensesstudents:workingduringvacationsandfreetimeduringthesemestercollegesanduniversities:offeringwork-studyprogramsEducationalSystem̶HighereducationSports:Themostpopularuniversitysport:AmericanfootballSomeuniversitiesawardathleticscholarshipsClubsandactivitiescateringtoawiderangeofstudentinterestsart,music,drama,debate,foreignlanguages,andphotography,andvolunteerworkAim:helpingstudentsbecomesuccessfulintheirlaterlifewhilesimultaneouslypursuingtheirhobbiesEducationalSystem̶HighereducationHarvardUniversityFamousUniversitiestheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheU.Sfoundedin1636,namedafterJohnHarvardover20,000degreecandidatesover160Nobellaureates8U.S.presidentsaregraduates.YaleUniversityFamousUniversitiesfoundedin1701renamedasYaleCollegein1718officiallyrenamedasYaleUniversityin1887threemajoracademiccomponents:theundergraduateYaleCollegetheGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences13professionalschoolsPrincetonUniversityFamousUniversitiesknownastheCollegeofNewJersey(1746–1896).renownedforitsacademicexcellenceinmathematics,physics,history,andeconomicstwoU.S.presidentsgraduatedMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)FamousUniversitiesestablishedin1861famousforscientificandtechnologicaltrainingandresearchcomprisedofsixschoolssignificantsuccessinscientificresearch.PART02MassMediaNewspapers,Magazines,andRadioandTelevisionAmericannewspapershavearichhistoryandplayasignificantroleinthecountry’smediaindustry.NewspapersTheyprovideacrucialservicetothepublicbydeliveringnewsopinionsfeaturestopicspoliticsandeconomicscultureandsportsAccordingtostatisticsin2024highestcirculationintheUnitedStatesTheWallStreetJournalfollowedby:TheNewYorkTimesNewYorkPostTheWashingtonPostNewspapersNewspapersdailynewspaperfoundedin1889andbasedinNewYorkCityfocusingonbusinessandfinanceaccurateanddetailedcoverageoffinancialmarketseconomictrendscorporatenewsAsof2025,ithaswonover39PulitzerPrizesforitsin-depthreporting.TheWashingtonJournalTheNewYorkTimesNewspapersdailynewspaperbasedinNewYorkCityU.S.newspaperofrecordknownforin-depthjournalismPulitzerPrizesfirstonein1918Ithaswonarecord145awards.Sections:politics,opinion,elections,arts,worldnews,etc.NewYorkPostNewspapersAmericantabloidnewspaperbasedinNewYorkCityestablishedintheearly19thcenturyknownfor:conservativeeditorialstancegossipcolumnsensationalheadlinesoneofthemostinfluentialtabloidnewspapersintheU.S.TheWashingtonPostNewspapersfoundedin1877oneoftheleadingdailyAmericannewspaperseditorialstance:initiallyalignedwiththeDemocraticPartylateradoptinganindependenteditorialpositionknownforitsinvestigativereporting,includingitscoverageoftheWatergatescandalintheearly1970sMagazinesAmericanmagazinesareanintegralpartofthecountry’smedialandscape.mostwell-knownmagazinesTimeNationalGeographicTheNewYorkerScientificAmericanVoguecoveringawidearrayoftopicsnewslifestylesports&entertainmentscience,cooking,fashion......TimeNewspapersweeklynewsmagazinefirstpublishedin1923inNewYorkCityreportingandanalyzingmajordevelopmentsinpolitics,business,health,science,entertainmentdistinguishedbyitsiconicredborderonthecoverfirstappearedonJanuary3,1927NationalGeographicNewspapersmonthlymagazinetopics:geography,archeology,anthropology,andexplorationincontinuouspublicationsinceitsfirstissuein1888,Washington,D.C.apioneerinreproducingcolorphotographsinmagazinesreleasedthefirstunderwatercolorphotosin1927renownedforitsvividlydepictedarticlesondifferentgeographicallocationsacrosstheglobeandextensiveuseofphotographsTheNewYorkerNewspapersfoundedin1925weeklymagazinefeaturing

reportage,commentary,shortstories,poetry,reviews,andsatirepublishingworksbynotablewritersandartists

throughoutitshistoryknownfor:distinctiveillustrationswitty,oftentopicalcartoonsRadioandTelevisionAmericanRadioIndustrybeginningtotakeshapeintheearly20thcentury,withthefirstradiobroadcastmadein1906boastingmorethan15,000radiostationstwoofthemostinfluential:NationalPublicRadio(NPR)VoiceofAmerica(VOA)NationalPublicRadio(NPR)establishedin1970non-profit,publicradionetworkbasedinWashington,D.C.producingnews,music,culture,andvariousshowsandpodcastsaimingtocreateamoreinformedpublicreachingover46millionpeopleweeklyRadioandTelevisionVoiceofAmerica(VOA)U.S.internationalmultimediabroadcasterfirstbroadcastin1942servicesinmorethan40languagesproviding:news,information,andculturalprogrammingabouttheUnitedStatesandworldeventstopics:political,cultural,andsocialtopicsplatforms:radio,television,Internet,mobiledevices,andsocialmediaRadioandTelevisionTheUnitedStatesishometoseveralmajortelevisionnetworks.ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem(CBS)NationalBroadcastingCompany(NBC)AmericanBroadcastingCompany(ABC)cablegiants:HomeBoxOffice(HBO)ShowtimeFXRadioandTelevisionLongbeforetheemergenceofonlinestreamingservices,televisionhadbeenprovidingvisualentertainmenttomillionsofpeople.Streamingplatformshavealsobecomekeyplayersintheindustry.NetflixAmazonPrimeVideoHuluTheU.S.televisionindustryproducesavastarrayofcontent.dramas,comedies,newsprograms,realityshows,talkshows,andsportseventsgaininginternationalrecognitionforcreativityRadioandTelevisionPART03HolidaysandFestivalsHolidaysandvalsThanksgivingandIndependenceDayThanksgivingDate:fourthThursdayofNovember.Origin:datingbackto1621TheEnglishPilgrimsarrivedinNorthAmericathepreviousyear,butmanydiedduetodisease,harshwinter,anddifficultiesingrowingcrops.WiththehelpoftheNativeAmericans,

theyhadagoodharvestandarrangedafeasttoshowtheirgratitude.ThanksgivingToday,theThanksgivingmealisanimportantpartofthecelebration.roastturkeywithstuffingcranberrysaucemashedpotatoespumpkinpieWatchingfootballonThanksgivingisatime-honoredtradition.IndependenceDayThenationaldayoftheUnitedStatesfallsonJuly4th.oneofAmerica’smostimportantpatrioticholidaysOnthisdayin1776theContinentalCongressrepresentingthe13coloniesadoptingtheDeclarationofIndependencecuttingtieswithBritainandestablishingtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.IndependenceDayItiscelebratedinallthestates.Thearmymarkstheoccasionbyfiringa50-gunsalute.ceremonies:parades,officialspeeches,fireworksdisplays,andotherpubliceventsAmericanscelebratetheirfreedomandindependencewithbarbecues,picnics,andfamilygatheringsvisitingthebirthplaceofthenation,PhiladelphiaQuizFunFactsandKnowledgeCheckPART04WhichlevelofgovernmentprimarilygovernseducationintheUnitedStates?A)Thefederalgovernment.B)Stateandlocalgovernments.C)TheDepartmentofEducation.D)Privateorganizations.ANSWERB)Stateandlocalgovernments.Eachofthe50stateshasitsownlawsregulatingeducation.Q1WhichofthefollowingisNOTacriterionforcollegeapplicants?A)Highschoolrecords.B)SATandACTscores.C)Anationalunifiedentranceexamscore.D)Recommendationsfromteachers.C)Anationalunifiedentranceexamscore.Applicantsarechosenbasedonrecords,recommendations,interviews,andSAT/ACTscores.Q2ANSWERWhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefourcategoriesofhighereducationinstitutionsintheU.S.?A)Universities.B)Liberalartscolleges.C)Communitycolleges.D)Researchinstitutions.D)Researchinstitutions.Thefourcategoriesareuniversities,liberalartscolleges,technicalschools,andcommunitycolleges.Q3ANSWERWhatpercentageofhighschoolstudent-athletesaregrantedathleticscholarshipsbyuniversities?A)Around20%.B)Around50%.C)Onlyaround2%.D)Over80%.C)Onlyaround2%Onlyabout2%receivethem,andmostarepartialscholarships.Q4ANSWERAccordingtostatisticsin2024,whichnewspaperhadthehighestcirculationintheUnitedStates?A)TheWallStreetJournal.B)TheNe