浙江省杭州市六校2025-2026学年高考模拟考试英语试题（教师版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省杭州市六校2025-2026学年高考模拟考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inaticketoffice. B.Inanairplane. C.Inabookshop.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,Ithinktherehasbeenamistake.Iboughtabusinessclassticketonthisflight,butI’vebeendirectedtositinaneconomyclassseat.W:Sorry,sir.Thebusinessareawasdouble-booked.Wewillarrangeforyoutoreceivearefund(退款)assoonasweland.2.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Findtheconferenceroom. B.Askforhelpfromareceptionist. C.Eatsomethingatthedininghall.【答案】A【原文】M:Wekeepgettinglostinthishotel.Therearesomanyrooms!W:Iknow!Wearesupposedtobeinthebusinessconferenceroom,butthisisthedininghall.M:Look,thissignshowsustheway!Weneedtoheadpastthereceptionareaandturnright.3.Howmanypacksofpaperareneededforallgroups?A.Six. B.Five. C.Four.【答案】C【原文】W:Fortheschoolproject,weneed80sheetsofpaperpergroup.Therearefivegroups.M:Wow,that’salot.It’ssaideachpackofpapercontains100sheets.We’llneedtobuyafewpacks.4.Whydidthemandecideagainstshootingatthegoal?A.Hewasinjured. B.Hefeltitwasunfair. C.Heheardthejudgewhistle.【答案】B【原文】W:Whathappenedinthefootballmatch?Youhadanopengoalbutinsteadofshooting,youkickedtheballoutofplay.Didyouthinkthejudgehadblownhiswhistleforsomething?M:No,theoppositiongoalkeeperfelloverandinjuredhimself.Itwouldn’thavebeenfairifIscoredthen.5.Whatdoesthemanneedrightnow?A.Sometissues. B.Aglassofwater. C.Somemedicine.【答案】A【原文】M:Everyspringtime,Igethayfever(花粉病).Istartsneezingandmynosebeginstorun.W:CanIgetanythingtohelp?Aglassofwaterperhaps?M:No,I’vetakensomemedicine,butI’mjustgoingtohavetodealwiththisrunnynose.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhoisJinprobably?A.Thewoman’steacher. B.Thewoman’sneighbor. C.Thewoman’sgranddaughter.7.WhyisthemaninBanff?A.Heisonholidaythere. B.Heisteachingthere. C.Hehasmovedthere.【答案】6.C7.C【原文】M:Hey,Mom,canyouhearmeokay?W:Yes,andIcanseeyouclearly.It’samazingwhatmoderntechnologycandothesedays,especiallysinceyouareallthosethousandsofmilesaway.Sohowhaseveryonesettledin?M:Great,everyoneinBanffissonice.Jinhasmadelotsoffriendsathernewschool,andSuisenjoyinggoingonlotsofwalkswithhernewfriendBeth,ourneighbor.W:That’sgreat.M:Yes,BethisateacherlikeSuandhaslivedinCanadaallherlife.She’sreallyhelpedussettlein.Hey,haveyoubookedatimetovisityet?W:Yes,nextmonth.I’mlookingforwardtomylittleholiday!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whereisthemangoingfirst?A.Egypt. B.Nigeria. C.SaudiArabia.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Stopworryingaboutwork. B.Takestepstopreventdiseases. C.Trynottostayabroadfortoolong.10.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Heisaclientadvisor. B.Heisaprojectmanager. C.Heisahealthcareworker.【答案】8.C9.B10.B【原文】M:Hi,I’mtravelingabroadinsixmonths’time,andI’mwonderingifIneedanythingintermsofprotection.W:Whereareyougoing?M:I’llbestayinginEgypttomeetclientsforaweek,beforeflyingofftoNigeria,whereI’llstayfortwelvemonths.Beforeallthat,I’minSaudiArabiafortwodays.W:YoudefinitelyneedprotectionfromyellowfeverwhentravelingtowesternAfrica,soyou’llneedtobookavaccine(疫苗)appointmentatthehealthcenter.WhyareyougoingtoNigeria,ifyoudon’tmindmeasking?M:Iworkforaconstructioncompanyandwe’rebuildingafactorynearthecapital,Abuja.I’mtakingchargeofstageone,butit’sabigproject—that’swhyI’llbethereforsolong!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdoesthewomanfindoutabouttheman?A.Hishairisdifferent. B.Heseemstobemorestressed. C.Heismorerelaxedthanusual.12.Whattypeofbookhasthemanbeenreading?A.Abookonmedicine. B.Abookonpsychology. C.Abookonphysicalfitness.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Husbandandwife. C.Doctorandpatient.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】W:Youseemdifferent.M:Whatdoyoumean?W:Well,you’reusuallytearingyourhairoutatthistimeofmonth!M:Ha-ha!Yeah…Iknow.Iusuallygetsuperstressedtowardsmonth-end,don’tI?W:Justabit!It’sunderstandable.Therearethesalesreportstofinishandthemanagers’meeting…M:Yeah,exactly.It’sahigh-pressuretime.W:Butitseemsthatit’salldifferentthismonth.What’syoursecret?M:Ha-ha!Well,I’vebeenreadingDon’tSweattheSmallStuffbyDoctorRichardCarlson.Haveyouheardofit?W:Ohyeah.Mybrotherisabigfanofthatbook.Areyoufindingituseful?M:Yeah.I’vetriedafewoftheexercisesandtheyreallyseemtobehelpingmestaycalmerandmorepatientwithmyselfwhileI’matwork.W:That’sgreat!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Robotsinelderlycare. B.Advancementintechnology. C.Differentmodelsofrobots.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofrobots?A.Theyarefriendly. B.Theyareemotionless. C.Theyaredangerous.16.WhatarethebasictasksthattheJapaneserobotscancarryout?A.Carryingpeoplearound. B.Walkingthedogs. C.Doingchores.17.Whathasthewomanignored?A.Robotsdon’tgettired. B.Technologydevelopsveryfast. C.Thepopulationisagingrapidly.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.A【原文】M:Iwasreadinganarticleonlineabouthowrobotsmaysolvetheissueofelderlycare.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Thereiscurrentlyashortageofpeopleabletocareforouragingpopulation.W:Sotheyarecreatingrobotstodoit?Aren’trobotscoldanduncaring?M:Itdependsonthetypeofrobot,Iguess.ScientistsinJapanhavemadethemlooklikehumansandanimalssopeopleformaconnectionwiththem.Theyarepartofalong-termexperimenttoseeifrobotscancareforpeoplelikehumansdo.W:Whatcantherobotsdo?M:Manythings.Theyperformbasictaskslikecookingandcleaning.Somearemoreadvancedandcancarrypeoplearoundorhelpthemwalk.W:Thetechnologyhascomealongsoquickly,butI’dstillbeworriedaboutrobotsdoingsomethingtheyshouldn’t.M:Theyareallprogrammedtocare.Robotsarelesslikelytomakemistakesthanhumancarers,whooftenworklonghourswithlittlesleep.W:That’sagoodpoint.Ineverthoughtofthat.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatwillthelistenersdoinonehour?A.Rideinthewater. B.Watchafootballgame. C.Visitthehistoricstreets.19.Whatisthespeakergoingtododuringthetour?A.Introducesportsteams. B.Tellsomehistoricalfacts. C.Sharestoriesoffootballfans.20.Whatisspecialabouttheboatsaccordingtothespeaker?A.TheyaretheonlyboatstouringtheCharlesRiver.B.TheyareconstructedbytheNewEnglandPatriots.C.Theyareusedasawayofsportsvictorycelebration.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【原文】WelcomeaboardBostonDuckTours.The10:15BostonDuckBoattourisabouttoleave.MynameisChris,andI’llbeyour“ConDUCKtor”todayasweexplorethebestofBostonbylandandwater.We’llstartourtourbytravelingthroughthehistoricstreetsofBoston,whereyou’llseesomeofthecity’smostfamouslandmarks,liketheBostonCommonandtheOldNorthChurch.Anhourintoourjourney,wewillentertheCharlesRiverforauniqueviewofthecityskyline,andtwoofthegreatestuniversitiesintheworld.Alongtheway,I’llbesharingstoriesandfunfactsaboutthecity’shistory,andmaybeevenafewjokestokeepyouentertained.Beforewegetstarted,dowehaveanyfootballfansonboard?DidyouknowthisveryboatcarriedtheNewEnglandPatriots,the2019NationalFootballLeagueChampions,onaparadethroughthecity?EveryBostonprofessionalsportsteamwinningatitleinthelast20yearshasriddenduckboatsthroughthecity.Wechampionsafety,too.Sobeforewesetoffforourfirststop—DowntownCrossing,let’sreviewsomesafetyinformation.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AWhatmakesacitygreatfornature?TimeOutsurveyed24,000city-residentsworldwide,askingthemtoratetheircity’sgreenspacesandaccesstonature.Herearefourtop-ratedcities,basedonthepercentageoflocalswhoratedtheircity’sgreenspacesas“good”or“amazing”.RankCityGreenSpacesScoreKeyFeature1Bath,UK94%PriorParkLandscapeGarden(18thcentury)2Chicago,USA89%WildMile—world’sfirstfloatingeco-park3Montreal,Canada88%MountRoyalPark—190hectares4Riga,Latvia87%47%ofcitylandisgreenspace●Bath(UK)—ThisquietBritishcitytookthecrownastheworld’sgreenestcityin2026.SurroundedbyGloucestershirecountryside,Bathisfilledwithbothsmallgardensandlargeparks.Thecityhasadopteda10-yeargreenplantoensureamoresustainableandnature-richfuture,usingparks,gardens,andevencanalsasgreencorridors.●Chicago(USA)—Nicknamed“thecityinagarden”,Chicagohasover600parksacross8,800acres.TheChicagoParkDistrictmanagesthesegreenspaces,whichincludenotonlytraditionalparksbutalsoinnovativeprojectsliketheWildMile,whereboardwalkswindthroughnativewetlandplants.●Montreal(Canada)—NamedafterMountRoyal,atriple-peakedhill,thisCanadiancitybalancescitylifewithnature.MountRoyalParkoffershikingandbikingtrailsinsummer,andcross-countryskiinginwinter,andishometoover180birdspecies.●Riga(Latvia)—Accordingtosatellitedata,thecityhas39percenttreecoverage.Aspartofitslong-termcommitmentundertheEU’s“GreenCityAccord(协议)”through2030,Rigahascommittedtoprotectingitsparkstofighttheurbanheatislandeffect.Thisphenomenonhappenswhenconcreteandtarmacincitiestrapmoreheatthanthecountryside,andRiga’sgreenspaceshelpcoolthingsdown.21.WhatcanwelearnaboutChicago’sWildMile?A.Itisthelargestparkinthecity. B.Itfloatsonwaterasaneco-park.C.Itwasbuiltinthe18thcentury. D.Ithasover600differentparkswithinit.22.WhatcanvisitorsdoinMountRoyalParkinMontreal?A.Enjoysummerhikingandbiking. B.Feedvariousbirdspecies.C.Experiencetheurbanheatislandeffect. D.Wanderboardwalksthroughnativeplants.23.WhatdoBathandRigahaveincommon?A.Bothhaveparkswithalonghistory. B.Botharesurroundedbycountryside.C.Bothhavelong-termplansforgreenspaces. D.Bothusegreenspacestoconnectdifferentareas.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【语篇解读】本文介绍了当地人对城市绿地评价最高的四个城市。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中芝加哥（Chicago）对应的“KeyFeature”一栏内容“WildMile—world’sfirstfloatingeco-park”可知，WildMile是世界上第一个漂浮的生态公园。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据文章蒙特利尔（Montreal）部分中的“MountRoyalParkoffershikingandbikingtrailsinsummer”可知，游客在皇家山公园夏季可以体验徒步和骑行。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据文章巴斯（Bath）部分中的“Thecityhasadopteda10-yeargreenplan(该市通过了一项为期10年的绿色计划)”以及里加（Riga）部分中的“Aspartofitslong-termcommitment...through2030(作为其到2030年长期承诺的一部分)”可知，这两座城市的共同点是都制定了关于城市绿地的长期规划。BForyears,ShayTaylorwalkedthehallsofYaleNewHavenHospitalwithamopandcleaningcart,makingsurepatientroomswerespotless.Soon,she’llbewalkingthosesamehallswithastethoscope(听诊器)—thistimeasadoctor.Taylor’sjourneydidn’tfollowatraditionalpath.Aftergraduatinginthetop10percentofherclassathighschool,Taylorhadthepotentialtogofar,butshelackedproperguidance.Raisedbyasinglemother,neitherofthemknewaboutcollegefinancialaidorschoolapplications.At18,needingtoearnaliving,shetookajobasacleaneratYaleNewHavenHospital.Whatstartedasapracticaldecisionturnedintonearlyadecadeofhard,honestwork.Thenlifetookaturnthatwouldchangeeverything.Afteradevastatinghousefire,Taylor’smothersufferedseverelungdamageandbeganstrugglingtobreathe.Despiterepeatedhospitalvisits,doctorscouldn’tfindthecauseandevendismissedhersymptomsaspsychological.Desperateforanswers,Taylorreachedouttothehospital’sCEO,whoseofficesheoccasionallycleaned.Sheexplainedhermother’ssituationandaskedforhelp.Withindays,hermothergotanewmedicalteamandwasdiagnosedwithvocalcorddysfunction,arareoverlookedcondition.“IfIcouldbeavoiceformymom,”Taylorrealized,“maybeIcoulddothisforotherpatients.”ThatmomentinspiredTaylortobecomeadoctorandadvocateforpatientswhoweren’tbeingheard.However,theroadaheadwasn’teasy.Shestudiedcollegeandgraduatesciencecoursesalone,relyingonsimpleInternetsearchestoguideherway,allwhilekeepinghercleanerjobtosavemoneyformedicalschoolapplicationsandexamfees.Herdeterminationfinallypaidoff.TaylorwasacceptedintoHowardUniversityCollegeofMedicine,andrecentlyearnedaresidencyatYaleNewHavenHospital—theveryplacewhereherjourneystarted.“Iwouldhaveneverimaginedthis,”shesaid.“Tocomebacktothesameplace—itmeanseverything.”Now,she’spreparingtoreturnasananesthesiology(麻醉学)resident,readytocareforpatientsandensuretheirvoicesareheard.Andshehopesherstoryinspiresthoseuncertainabouttheirfuture.24.WhywasTaylorunabletocontinueherstudiesrightafterhighschool?A.Shehadtotakecareofhersickmother. B.Shelackeddirectiononhereducationalpath.C.Herhighschoolgradeswerenotgoodenough. D.Hermotherknewlittleabouthowtopaythetuition.25.WhatmotivatedTaylortobecomeadoctor?A.Herlong-termdream. B.Otherpatients’cases.C.Hermother’streatmentexperience. D.ThehospitalCEO’sassistance.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShayTaylor?A.Determinedandcaring. B.Independentandreserved.C.Modestandknowledgeable. D.Sympatheticanddemanding.27.WhatdoesTaylor’sexperienceshow?A.Timeandtidewaitfornoman. B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom. D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.D【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了谢伊·泰勒高中毕业后因缺少升学指导，成为医院清洁工。母亲就医遭遇误诊的经历，让她立志从医。她一边打工一边自学，最终如愿考上医学院，重返医院任职，也希望以此鼓舞前路迷茫的人。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Aftergraduatinginthetop10percentofherclassathighschool,Taylorhadthepotentialtogofar,butshelackedproperguidance.Raisedbyasinglemother,neitherofthemknewaboutcollegefinancialaidorschoolapplications.(高中毕业时，她在班级中成绩位列前10%，本有大展宏图的潜力，但缺乏正确的指导。她由单亲母亲抚养长大，母女俩都不了解大学助学金或入学申请的相关事宜。)”可知，泰勒高中毕业后无法继续深造是因为她在教育道路上缺乏方向。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afteradevastatinghousefire,Taylor’smothersufferedseverelungdamageandbeganstrugglingtobreathe.Despiterepeatedhospitalvisits,doctorscouldn’tfindthecauseandevendismissedhersymptomsaspsychological.Desperateforanswers,Taylorreachedouttothehospital’sCEO,whoseofficesheoccasionallycleaned.Sheexplainedhermother’ssituationandaskedforhelp.Withindays,hermothergotanewmedicalteamandwasdiagnosedwithvocalcorddysfunction,arareoverlookedcondition.“IfIcouldbeavoiceformymom,”Taylorrealized,“maybeIcoulddothisforotherpatients.”(一场毁灭性的房屋火灾过后，泰勒的母亲遭受了严重的肺部损伤，开始呼吸困难。尽管多次入院治疗，医生仍未能找到病因，甚至将她的症状归结为心理因素。极度渴望答案的泰勒向医院的首席执行官求助，而他的办公室正是她偶尔打扫的地方。她讲述了母亲的情况，并请求帮助。几天之内，她的母亲就得到了一个新的医疗团队，并被诊断出患有声带功能障碍，这是一种罕见但被忽视的病症。“如果我能为我的母亲发声，”泰勒意识到，“或许我也能为其他患者做这件事。”)”可知，她母亲的治疗经历促使泰勒选择成为一名医生。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shestudiedcollegeandgraduatesciencecoursesalone,relyingonsimpleInternetsearchestoguideherway,allwhilekeepinghercleanerjobtosavemoneyformedicalschoolapplicationsandexamfees.(她独自学习了大学和研究生的科学课程，依靠简单的网络搜索来指引自己，同时还在维持一份清洁工作以节省用于医学院申请和考试费用的钱。)”体现了极强的毅力和决心；以及最后一段“Now,she’spreparingtoreturnasananesthesiology(麻醉学)resident,readytocareforpatientsandensuretheirvoicesareheard.Andshehopesherstoryinspiresthoseuncertainabouttheirfuture.(现在，她准备以麻醉学住院医师的身份回归，准备好为患者提供护理并确保他们的声音被听到。她也希望自己的故事能激励那些对未来感到不确定的人。)”体现了对他人的关怀。由此可推知，谢伊·泰勒是一个坚定且体贴的人。【27题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了谢伊·泰勒出身普通，缺乏升学指导，只能从医院清洁工做起，但凭借坚定的意志和不懈的努力，最终实现了成为医生的梦想，回到了最初工作的医院。由此可知，泰勒的经历完美诠释了“有志者事竟成”的道理。CHaveyoueverquestionedwhysomeoneisbeingunusuallykind?You’renotalone.Weofteninstinctivelylookforhiddenmotivesbehindgenerousacts,areactionpsychologistscall“do-gooderderogation.”Thismeanswemayjudgeaseeminglyselflesspersonmoreharshly(严厉地)thansomeonewhoisopenlyself-interested.Aclassicexperiment,the“publicgoodsgame”,demonstratesthis.Participantsaregivenmoneyandcanchoosetocontributetoasharedpot,whichgrowsandislatersplitequally.Whilecontributingmaximizesthegroup’stotalgain,selfishindividualscancontributelittleandstillbenefit.Surprisingly,themostgenerouscontributorsinthisgameareoftencriticizedasmuchastheselfish“freeriders”.PsychologistNicholaRaihanisuggestsweareallplayingasocial“statusgame”.Wearesuspiciousofthosewhomightbeusingkindnesstoboosttheirreputation.Thissuspicionisattheheartofthe“taintedaltruismeffect”.Imagineafriend,Andy,volunteersatahomelessshelter.Ifwediscoverhistruemotiveistodatethesheltermanager,wejudgehimmoreseverelythanifhetookacoffeeshopjobforthesamereason.Thecharitablecontextmakesthehiddenmotiveseemworse.ResearcherSebastianHafenbradlexploredthisfurther.HisstudiesconfirmedthatwejudgepeoplelikeAndymoreharshlywhentheyseeksocialrewardsfromagooddeed.Interestingly,thejudgmentsoftensifthepersonishonestabouttheirmotiveupfront,asthisremovesthe“unearnedsocialreward”ofappearingpurelyaltruistic(利他主义的).Furthermore,peoplewhodogoodmerelytofeelgoodaboutthemselvesarejudgedlessharshlythanthoseseekingtoenhancetheirreputation.Bothactscontainself-interest,butseekingpublicapprovalisseenasmoredishonest.So,isanyacttrulyselfless?Perhapsnot.Butiftheresultismorekindnessintheworld,maybewecanforgivealittlemixedmotivation.28.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthe“publicgoodsgame”inparagraph2?A.Tosupportasocialtheorywithevidence. B.Toexplaintherulesofawell-knowngame.C.Tointroduceapopulareconomicexperiment D.Togiveanexampleofapsychologicalfinding.29.The“taintedaltruismeffect”isbestshowninthecasewhere________.A.anathlete’sfairwinbringspublichonor. B.afirm’scharitydonationaimsatataxcut.C.astudent’shardworktargetsascholarship. D.avolunteer’ssharingseekstoinspireothers.30.WhatdidSebastianHafenbradi’sstudiesfind?A.Seekingpublicapprovalshowstheleasthonesty.B.Hidingselfishmotivesresultsingentlercriticism.C.Admittingselfishmotivesinadvancereducesblame.D.Actingforself-satisfactiondrawsthestrongestcriticism.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsmixed-motivekindness?A.Tolerant. B.Indifferent. C.Confused. D.Critical.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了心理学中的“行善者贬损”现象和“污点利他效应”，通过实验和案例解释了人们为何会对带有隐藏动机的慷慨行为产生怀疑，并指出虽然纯粹的利他可能不存在，但只要结果是增加善意，混合动机的行为也是可以被原谅的。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Weofteninstinctivelylookforhiddenmotivesbehindgenerousacts,areactionpsychologistscall“do-gooderderogation.”(我们总会本能揣测慷慨举动背后的隐藏动机，这种心理反应被心理学家称作“行善者贬损效应”。)”以及第二段开头的“Aclassicexperiment,the‘publicgoodsgame’,demonstratesthis.(一个经典的实验，‘公共物品游戏’，证明了这一点。)”可知，列举实验是为举例说明该项心理学研究发现。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Wearesuspiciousofthosewhomightbeusingkindnesstoboosttheirreputation.Thissuspicionisattheheartofthe“taintedaltruismeffect”.(人们会怀疑有人借善意抬高自身声望，这种质疑就是“沾染私利的利他效应”的核心。)”以及举例“Imagineafriend,Andy,volunteersatahomelessshelter.Ifwediscoverhistruemotiveistodatethesheltermanager(想象一下，朋友安迪在流浪者收容所做志愿者。如果我们发现他的真实动机是为了约会收容所经理)”可知，该效应指的是在慈善背景下，隐藏的个人私利会被看得更严重。B选项“一家公司的慈善捐款旨在减税”符合这一描述。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly,thejudgmentsoftensifthepersonishonestabouttheirmotiveupfront,asthisremovesthe‘unearnedsocialreward’ofappearingpurelyaltruistic(利他主义的).(有趣的是，如果一个人一开始就诚实地交代了自己的动机，人们的判断就会变得温和，因为这消除了纯粹利他主义带来的‘不劳而获的社会回报’。)”可知，提前承认自私动机可以减少责备。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Butiftheresultismorekindnessintheworld,maybewecanforgivealittlemixedmotivation.(只要行为能给世界带来更多善意，我们或许可以谅解带有复杂动机的善意。)”可知作者对此持包容态度。DManypetownerschoose“designerdogs”,crossbreeds(杂交品种)likeCockapoos,becausetheyareattractedbythesedogs’reputationforbeingeasytotrainandfriendlywithchildren.However,anewstudysuggeststheseexpectationsmaynotalwaysholdtrue.Theresearch,publishedinPLOSOne,examinedthreepopularcrossbreeds—Cockapoos,Labradoodles,andCavapoos,alongsidetheirpurebredancestors.Usinganonlinesurveycompletedbyownersofover9,400dogs,theteamanalyzed12behaviorscales,suchastrainability,aggression,andattachment.Theirfindingsshowedthatin44%ofbehavioralcomparisons,crossbreedsdisplayedmoreproblemsthantheirpurebredancestors,withfewerissuesinonlyabout10%ofcomparisons.Allthreedesignertypesshowedhigherlevelsofnon-socialfear—suchasfearofloudnoisesorlifelessobjects—separationanxiety,andexcitabilitycomparedtotheirpurebredparents.Cockapoosstoodoutashavingthemostundesirablebehaviorsrelativetotheirparentbreeds.Labradoodlesshowedamixedpattern:theybehavedbetterthanCockapoosbutworsethanCavapoos.“Preconceivedbeliefs,suchastheideathatdesignercrossbreedsarenaturallyeasytotrainoraresafewithchildren,canhaveseriousconsequencesiftheyaren’tsupportedbyevidence,”cautionedstudyco-authorRowenaPacker.Experts,however,warnagainstconcludingthatgeneticsalonedeterminebehavior.DanielMillsoftheUniversityofLincolnnotedthatbehaviorisalwaysaproductofbothgenesandenvironment,andlookingforsimplecausesinoneortheotherisboundtofail.Thesurveydatarevealedthatcrossbreedownersweremorelikelytobefirst-timedogparentsandtorelyonnon-professionaltrainingadvice,bothofwhicharefactorsthatcouldinfluenceresults.DomBurkeofthecharityDogsTrustaddedthathighdemandforcertainbreedscanleadtounscrupulousbreeding,poorpractices.Thedesignerdogtrendbeganwiththelabradoodleinthe1980s,bredasaserviceanimalforawomanwithallergies.Yetthebreeder,WallyConron,laterexpressedregret,statingthetrend’spopularityhasledtounethicalbreedingandadoptionpractices.“IopenedaPandora’sboxandreleasedaFrankenstein’smonster,”hereflected,underscoringtheunforeseenconsequencesofcreatingapopularhybrid.32.Whatdidthenewstudyfindaboutdesignerdogs?A.Lessanxiousthanpurebreds. B.Moreproblemsthanpurebreds.C.Morechild-friendlythanpurebreds. D.Lessnon-socialfearthanpurebreds.33.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthethreecrossbreedsfromParagraph3?A.LabradoodlesareassafeasCockapoos.B.CockapoosaremoretrainablethanCavapoos.C.Cockapoosshowthemostunwantedbehaviors.D.Labradoodlesbehavebetterthanbothparentbreeds.34.WhatdoesDanielMillssuggest?A.Geneticsistheonlyfactor. B.Simplecausesexplainbehaviorwell.C.Environmentmattersmorethangenes. D.Genesandenvironmentshapebehavior.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Labradoodles:FromServicetoPet. B.Purebreds:BetterThanCrossbreeds.C.GeneticsAlone:DeterminingBehavior. D.DesignerDogs:UnforeseenChallenges.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.D【语篇解读】本文讲述了人们普遍认为杂交犬好训练、对孩子友好，但新研究发现杂交犬的行为问题往往多于纯种犬，同时专家指出犬类行为受基因与环境共同影响，该繁育潮流还引发了诸多伦理问题。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirfindingsshowedthatin44%ofbehavioralcomparisons,crossbreedsdisplayedmoreproblemsthantheirpurebredancestors.(研究结果表明，在44%的行为对比中，杂交犬比其纯种祖先表现出更多问题)”可知，研究发现杂交犬相比纯种犬存在更多行为问题。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Cockapoosstoodoutashavingthemostundesirablebehaviorsrelativetotheirparentbreeds.(相较于亲本犬种，可卡普犬的不良行为最为突出)”可知，可卡普犬的不良行为最多。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“DanielMillsoftheUniversityofLincolnnotedthatbehaviorisalwaysaproductofbothgenesandenvironment.(林肯大学的丹尼尔·米尔斯指出，行为始终是基因和环境共同作用的产物)”可知，DanielMills认为基因和环境共同塑造行为。【35题详析】主旨大意题。文章先介绍人们对设计师犬的固有印象，接着阐述研究发现其存在更多行为问题，再分析影响因素与繁育乱象，核心是说明设计师犬带来的意外挑战。D“设计师犬：意想不到的挑战”符合主旨，适合用作标题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。InChina’sjourneytobecomeamanufacturingpowerhouse,thespiritofcraftsmanshipshines.TaketheengineersbehindtheTiangongspacestation,forinstance—theyspentyearsperfectingdockingpartswithmillimeteraccuracy.High-speedrailworkerstesteachcomponentrepeatedlyuntilfailureisvirtuallyimpossible,whiledeep-seaequipmentdesignersinsistonflawlesswelding(焊接).Itis,forthem,abeliefandpursuitofexcellence.___36___Nowonderbehindeverygreatachievementliesthespiritofcraftsmanship:focus,responsibility,dedication,andmeticulousness(细致).___37___Machinescanworkwithhighconsistency,buthumansareirreplaceableinultra-precisehigh-techfieldslikesemiconductorproduction,whereevenatinyflawcanruinawholebatchofchips.___38___Inaerospaceandmedicaldevices,humanjudgmentspotsunpredictableproblemsthatmachinescannot.Thatiswhyskilledworkersremainthecoreofinnovation.Howcanonedevelopsuchamindset?___39___Muchlikeamasterwatchmakerperfectingawatchrepeatedly,modernprofessionalsmustkeeprefiningtheirskills.Theyshouldtreateveryimperfectionasachancetoimprove,notareasontostop.Afterall,craftsmanshipisnotbuiltinaday.___40___Onlybypursuinglifelonglearningandconstantself-developmentcantheyadapttoever-advancingtechnology.Thus,intheworld’smostadvancedindustries,thedelicatecooperationbetweenhumansandmachineswillgivebirthtoproductsthataresafe,reliableandtrulyworld-class,fullydemonstratingtheenduringpowerofcraftsmanship.A.Withsuchskillsandcare,progresscontinues.B.Thesearethingsthatmachinescannotreplace.C.Instead,itgrowsthroughsmall,steadyimprovements.D.Thisisnottheonlycasewherehumanexpertisematters.E.Itrepresentsamindsetofprecision,patience,anddedication.F.Suchdemandsnotonlytechnicalskillbutalsogreatpatience.G.Itisfosteredthroughpersistentpracticeandunceasingrefinement.【答案】36.E37.B38.D39.G40.C【语篇解读】本文主要阐述工匠精神的内涵与价值，说明人工技艺不可被机器取代，并介绍培养工匠精神的途径。【36题详析】由上文“Itis,forthem,abeliefandpursuitofexcellence.(对他们来说，这是一