广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分单项选择（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）单项选择从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.______byhisteammates'support,theyoungathletefinallyrealizedhisgoal.A.Havinginspired B.Inspiring C.Inspired D.Toinspire【答案】C【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在队友们的鼓励下，这位年轻运动员终于实现了自己的目标。theyoungathlete与inspire为被动关系，用形容词化的过去分词作状语。故选C项。2.Thevolunteerworkedtirelessly______awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.A.beingraised B.havingraised C.raised D.toraise【答案】D【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位志愿者不知疲倦地工作，以提高环保意识。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式toraise。故选D。3.Thegovernmenthas______newmeasurestoaddresstherisingissueofhomelessness.A.increased B.introduced C.affected D.afforded【答案】B【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府已经采取了新措施来解决日益严重的无家可归问题。A.increased增加；B.introduced引入；实施；C.affected影响；D.afforded负担得起。根据下文的“toaddresstherisingissueofhomelessness.”可知，为了解决无家可归的问题，政府应该是“引入，实施”新政策或措施，符合语境。故选B项。4.Thescientistsaregoingto______theremotemountainareafornewspeciesofplants.A.explore B.gather C.attack D.imagine【答案】A【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们将在偏远山区探索新的植物物种。A.explore探索；B.gather收集；C.attack攻击；D.imagine想象。根据“fornewspeciesofplants.”可知，科学家探索偏远山区以寻找新植物物种。故选A。5.Thecompanyplanstoexpanditsbusiness______byestablishingpartnershipsinEuropeandAsia.A.illegally B.actually C.forever D.further【答案】D【详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：该公司计划通过在欧洲和亚洲建立合作伙伴关系来进一步扩大业务。A.illegally非法地；B.actually实际上；C.forever永远；D.further进一步地。根据“byestablishingpartnershipsinEuropeandAsia.”可知，通过在欧洲和亚洲建立合作伙伴关系，公司进一步扩大业务。故选D。6.Theteachergaveaclear______ofthenewtopic,makingiteasyforstudentstounderstand.A.explanation B.suggestion C.imagination D.arrangement【答案】A【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师对新题目作了清楚的解释，使学生容易理解。A.explanation解释；B.suggestion建议；C.imagination想象；D.arrangement安排。根据“makingiteasyforstudentstounderstand.”可知，老师清晰的解释让学生容易理解。故选A。7.Hewas______abouttheexam,eventhoughhehadstudiedwell.A.busy B.excited C.anxious D.happy【答案】C【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他学习很好，但他还是对考试感到焦虑。A.busy忙碌的；B.excited兴奋的；C.anxious焦虑的，担忧的；D.happy高兴的。根据“eventhoughhehadstudiedwell.”可知，他虽然学习好，但对考试还是感到焦虑。故选C。8.Thetouristguidebook______usefultipsaboutbudgettravelisavailableattheinformationdesk.A.contained B.containing C.tocontain D.beingcontained【答案】B【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在问讯处可以拿到那本包含经济型旅行实用小贴士的旅游指南。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Thetouristguidebook和contain为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故选B。9.Afterthelonghike,theyfeltagreatsenseof______whentheyfinallyreachedthetopofthehill.A.achievement B.disappointment C.failure D.confusion【答案】A【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行，当他们终于到达山顶时，他们感到很有成就感。A.achievement成就；B.disappointment失望；C.failure失败；D.confusion困惑。根据“whentheyfinallyreachedthetopofthehill”可知，到达山顶应是感到很有成就感。故选A。10.Notuntiltherescueteamarrived______howmuchdamagethefloodcaused.A.theyrealized B.theyhadrealizedC.hadtheyrealized D.didtheyrealize【答案】D【详析】考查倒装句。句意：直到救援队到达，他们才意识到洪水造成了多大的破坏。Notuntil位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，需将助动词置于主语之前，结合“arrived”可知，助动词使用did。故选D。11.Shefeltreally______afterfinishingthedifficultprojectontime.A.confused B.proud C.guilty D.familiar【答案】B【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她按时完成了那个困难的项目，感到非常自豪。A.confused困惑的；糊涂的；B.proud骄傲的；自豪的；C.guilty愧疚的；D.familiar熟悉的。由句意及空后的afterfinishingthedifficultprojectontime可知在按时完成困难的项目之后她一定会感到非常自豪，故选B项。12.Therewasabig______intheclassroomwhentheteacherannouncedthesurprisetest.A.reaction B.presentation C.competition D.collection【答案】A【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当老师宣布要进行突击考试时，教室里一片哗然。A.reaction反应；B.presentation展示；C.competition竞争；D.collection收集。根据后文“whentheteacherannouncedthesurprisetest”可知，老师宣布要进行突击考试，这会引起学生们的“反应”，应用reaction。故选A。13.TheDragonBoatFestival,______featuresdragonboatraces,iscelebratedinmemoryofQuYuan.A.where B.when C.which D.who【答案】C【详析】考查定语从句。句意：端午节以龙舟赛为特色，是为纪念屈原而庆祝的。featuresdragonboatraces是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词TheDragonBoatFestival。从句中缺少主语，且先行词为“节日”(事物)，需用关系代词which引导从句。故选C项。14.Sofarthissemester,Sarah______herpublicspeakingskillssignificantlybypracticingdailyinfrontofamirrortotakepartintheschooldebatecompetitionnextmonth.A.improved B.hadimproved C.hasimproved D.isimproving【答案】C【详析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止这个学期，萨拉通过每天在镜子前练习，为参加下个月的学校辩论比赛，已经显著提高了她的公众演讲技巧。根据时间状语“sofar”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为Sarah，助动词用has。故选C。15.Herkindwordsgavemealotof______whenIwasfeelingdown.A.comfort B.danger C.pressure D.honour【答案】A【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我情绪低落时，她体贴的话语给了我很多安慰。A.comfort安慰；B.danger危险；C.pressure压力；D.honour荣誉。由语意可知，在我情绪失落的时候，她跟我说了一些体贴的话语，给了我一些安慰。故选A项。16.Theflightwasdelayedforthreehours.______,wereceivednoapologyfromtheairline.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise【答案】C【详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：航班延误了三个小时。然而，我们没有收到航空公司的任何道歉。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否则。前半句“航班延误三小时”与后半句“未收到道歉”之间存在语义转折，需用however表示转折关系。故选C。17.The“ZeroWaste”campaignencouragespeopleto______single-useplasticsindailylife.A.express B.quit C.describe D.consider【答案】B【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“零浪费”运动鼓励人们在日常生活中停止使用一次性塑料制品。A.express表达；B.quit停止，放弃；C.describe描述；D.consider考虑。根据“The“ZeroWaste”campaign”以及常识可知，此处表示停止使用一次性塑料制品。故选B。18.______technologymakescommunicationfasterandeasier,peoplecanstayconnectedwithlovedonesfromafar.A.Until B.Unless C.Although D.Since【答案】D【详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：由于科技使交流变得更快、更容易，人们可以与远方的亲人保持联系。A.Until直到；B.Unless除非；C.Although尽管；虽然；D.Since因为；自从。由句意及空后的technologymakescommunicationfasterandeasier,peoplecanstayconnectedwithlovedonesfromafar可知人们可以与远方的亲人保持联系的原因是因为科技使交流变得更快、更容易了，此处为原因状语从句，应用引导词since，故选D项。19.Theancienttraditionofstorytelling______inmanycultures,preservinghistorythroughgenerations.A.helpsout B.holdson C.diesout D.liveson【答案】D【详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：讲故事的古老传统在许多文化中得以延续，通过代代相传来保存历史。A.helpsout帮助解决问题；B.holdson继续，坚持（强调不放弃，不松手）；C.diesout灭绝，消失；D.liveson继续存在，延续。根据后文“preservinghistorythroughgenerations”可知，此处表示讲故事的古老传统在许多文化中得以延续，应用liveson。故选D。20.Shereceivedalotof______fromherfriendswhenshestartedhernewjob.A.tension B.support C.gratitude D.confusion【答案】B【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她开始新工作时，她得到了朋友们的大力支持。A.tension紧张；B.support支持；C.gratitude感激；D.confusion混乱。根据后文“whenshestartedhernewjob”可知，开始新工作，应是得到支持。故选B项。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFuturescape:WhereAIMeetsSpace&Sustainability●RobotsoftheFuture(FirstFloor):EngagewithadvancedAIrobotsthroughdynamicdemonstrationsandhands-onprogrammingactivities.Experiencereal-timemachinelearninginteractionsandhumanoidrobotcommunicationinthiscontinuouslyupdatedexhibition.●SpaceExploration(SecondFloor):Journeythroughspacehistorywithauthentic(真实的)NASAhistoricalobjects,includingraremoonrocksamplescollectedduringtheApollomissions.Thispopularexhibitionoperatesonlyonweekendsduetothedelicatenatureofitslunarsamples.●Eco-Planet(ThirdFloor):FightclimatechangethroughimmersiveVRgamesthatrecreaterenewableenergyprojects.Designwindfarms,restorecoralreefs,orbalanceurbanecosystemsinouraward-winninginteractivestations.Admission&Discounts:●Adults:￥60|Students(withID):￥30●Grouprates:10%discountforgroupsof10+visitors●Freeentryforchildrenunder6andseniorsover70SpecialEvents:SolarCarWorkshop(Ages12+):Buildfunctionalsolar-poweredvehiclesusingrecycledmaterialsatthisfreeworkshop.Limitedto30participants.Date:Saturday,April20(2:00-4:00PM)Registration:RequiredbyApril18atthefrontdeskVisitorGuidelines:●Nofood/drinksinexhibitionzones●Photographypermitted(turnoffflashtoprotectexhibits)●Stroller(婴儿车)parkingavailablenearelevatorsPlanYourVisit:OpenTuesday-Sunday(9AM-5PM).Allow2-3hoursforfullexperience.Downloadourappforaugmented(增强)realityexhibitguides!21.Whatdoallthreeexhibitionfloorshaveincommon?A.Displayhistoricalobjects. B.Showcasefuturetechnology.C.Focusonyoungchildren. D.Offerinteractiveexperiences.22.Howmuchwouldagroupof15studentspayintotal?A.¥405. B.￥300. C.¥450. D.¥495.23.Whatactivityrequiresadvanceregistration?A.VRgames. B.Robotinteraction.C.Solarcarworkshop. D.Photography.【答案】21.D22.A23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“Futurescape:WhereAIMeetsSpace&Sustainability”的展览或活动场所，包括其展览内容、参观指南以及开放时间等。旨在向潜在参观者提供关于该场所的详细信息，以吸引他们前来参观或参与活动。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“RobotsoftheFuture(FirstFloor)”中的“EngagewithadvancedAIrobotsthroughdynamicdemonstrationsandhands-onprogrammingactivities.Experiencereal-timemachinelearninginteractionsandhumanoidrobotcommunicationinthiscontinuouslyupdatedexhibition.(通过动态演示和动手编程活动接触先进的人工智能机器人。在这个不断更新的展览中，体验实时机器学习互动和人形机器人通信)”、“SpaceExploration(SecondFloor)”部分中的“Journeythroughspacehistorywithauthentic(真实的)NASAhistoricalobjects,includingraremoonrocksamplescollectedduringtheApollomissions.Thispopularexhibitionoperatesonlyonweekendsduetothedelicatenatureofitslunarsamples.(借助美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的真实历史文物追溯太空历史，包括阿波罗任务期间采集的稀有月球岩石样本。由于月球样本的敏感性，这个热门展览仅在周末开放)”以及“Eco-Planet(ThirdFloor)”部分中的“FightclimatechangethroughimmersiveVRgamesthatrecreaterenewableenergyprojects.Designwindfarms,restorecoralreefs,orbalanceurbanecosystemsinouraward-winninginteractivestations.(通过沉浸式虚拟现实（VR）游戏参与应对气候变化，体验可再生能源项目的重建过程。在我们屡获殊荣的互动站中设计风力发电场、修复珊瑚礁或平衡城市生态系统)”可知，这三个展览都提供互动体验：一楼编程活动、二楼观看真实展品、三楼VR游戏。故选D。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“Admission&Discounts”部分中的“Adults:￥60|Students(withID):￥30(成人：60元|学生（凭学生证）：30元)”和“Grouprates:10%discountforgroupsof10+visitors(团体票：10人以上团体可享10%折扣)”可知，学生单人票价为30元，15人团体符合“10人以上”条件，可享10%折扣。因此价格为：15*30*90%=405元。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据文章“SpecialEvents”部分中的“SolarCarWorkshop(Ages12+):Registration:RequiredbyApril18atthefrontdesk(太阳能汽车工作坊（12岁以上）：报名：需在4月18日前到前台登记)”可知，太阳能汽车工作坊需要提前登记。故选C。BSeventeen-year-oldMeimissedhergrandmother'slivelycountrysidegardenaftermovingtoagraycityapartment.Thebusystreetsandcrowdedelevatorsmadeherfeellonely.Onerainyafternoon,shefoundarooftopcoveredwithtrashandbrokentiles(瓦片).Rememberingalessonabouthowplantscouldimprovecities,Meidugintoherpocketandfoundadrysunflowerseedfromheroldhome.Withtremblinghands,sheplanteditinabrokenflowerpot,determinedtobringlifetotheemptyspace.ClassmateslaughedatMei'sidea,sayingplantscouldn'tgrowinthepollutedair.Shedidn'tlisten,collectingoldbucketsandplasticbottlestouseasplanters.Everyweekend,shecarriedheavysoilfromnearbybuildingsitesuntilhershouldersached.Butherfirstplantsturnedyellowintherain,andstrongwindsblewawayherpots.JustasMeifelthopeless,Ms.Chen,anexperiencedgardenerlivingdownstairs,noticedherstruggles.ShebroughtMeibamboosticksandtaughthertogrowplantsupwardonmetalpipes,wheretheairwascleaner.Together,theybuilttallbamboosupportsforclimbingvegetables.Slowly,greenleavesappeared:sunflowersgrewtallerthanMei,herbsfilledtincanswithfreshsmells,andredtomatoesbrightenedthegrayrooftop.Neighborsbeganvisitingteenagershelpedmixleftoverfoodintoplantsoil,whilechildrenpaintedsmilingfacesonoldbottles.Duringapowerfultyphoonthatfloodedthestreets,thegarden'sbamboopipesdirectedtherainwateraway,protectingtheirbuildingfromdamage.PeoplewhooncedoubtedMeinowwateredtheplantsdaily.Attheautumnfestival,therooftopwasfullofcolor.Meigaveoutbasilplants(罗勒植物)inreusedyogurtcups,explaininghowthegardenconnectedeveryone.Ms.Chensmiledasfamiliessharedstories,theirclothesdirtyfromsoilandpaint.Therooftop,oncesilent,nowbuzzedwithbeesandchildren'slaughter.Againstthecoldcitybuildings,goldensunflowersstoodlikebravesoldiers,provingthateveninthehardestplaces,life—andhope—couldgrow.24.WhatdirectlyinspiredMeitostartherrooftopproject?A.Alessononurbangreenspaces. B.Supportfromherfriends.C.Advicefromaplantexpert. D.Encouragementfromneighbors.25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMei'sprojectinparagraph2?A.Interestingandsimple. B.Costlyanddemanding.C.Challengingandcreative. D.Ineffectiveandprogressing.26.Whatroledidtherooftopgardenplayduringthetyphoon?A.Foodsupplyforresidents. B.Buildingstructuresupport.C.Safeplaceforanimals. D.Flooddamageprevention.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PollutionCrisis:UrbanChallenges.B.GreenRevival:HealingBrokenSpaces.C.ElderWisdom:AgriculturalRevival.D.StormDefense:EngineeringSuccess.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了17岁的Mei搬到城市公寓后，因怀念祖母的乡村花园，受关于植物可改善城市的课程启发，在满是垃圾的屋顶开启种植项目。过程中虽遭遇诸多困难，但在邻居帮助下获得成功，花园不仅美化屋顶，还在台风时保护建筑，更凝聚了邻里关系。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Onerainyafternoon,shefoundarooftopcoveredwithtrashandbrokentiles(瓦片).Rememberingalessonabouthowplantscouldimprovecities,Meidugintoherpocketandfoundadrysunflowerseedfromheroldhome.Withtremblinghands,sheplanteditinabrokenflowerpot,determinedtobringlifetotheemptyspace.(一个下雨的下午，她发现屋顶上满是垃圾和碎瓦。想起一堂关于植物如何改善城市的课，Mei把手伸进口袋，找到了一颗从老家带来的干向日葵种子。她颤抖着双手，把它种在一个破花盆里，决心给这个空荡荡的地方带来生机)”可知，直接激励Mei开始屋顶项目的是一堂关于城市绿地的课。故选A。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Shedidn'tlisten,collectingoldbucketsandplasticbottlestouseasplanters.Everyweekend,shecarriedheavysoilfromnearbybuildingsitesuntilhershouldersached.Butherfirstplantsturnedyellowintherain,andstrongwindsblewawayherpots.JustasMeifelthopeless. Ms.Chen,anexperiencedgardenerlivingdownstairs,noticedherstruggles.ShebroughtMeibamboosticksandtaughthertogrowplantsupwardonmetalpipes,wheretheairwascleaner.(她不听，收集旧水桶和塑料瓶作为花盆。每个周末，她都会从附近的建筑工地搬运沉重的泥土，直到肩膀酸痛。但是她种的第一批植物在雨中变黄了，强风吹走了她的花盆。就像梅感到绝望一样。住在楼下的陈女士是一位经验丰富的园丁，她注意到了她的挣扎。她给梅带来了竹竿，教她在金属管道上种植植物，那里的空气更干净。)”可知,Mei的项目既充满挑战又富有创造性。故选C。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Duringapowerfultyphoonthatfloodedthestreets,thegarden'sbamboopipesdirectedtherainwateraway,protectingtheirbuildingfromdamage.(在一场淹没街道的强台风期间，花园的竹管将雨水引走，保护他们的建筑物免受损坏)”可知，屋顶花园在台风期间起到了预防洪水破坏的作用。故选D。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Onerainyafternoon,shefoundarooftopcoveredwithtrashandbrokentiles(瓦片).Rememberingalessonabouthowplantscouldimprovecities,Meidugintoherpocketandfoundadrysunflowerseedfromheroldhome.Withtremblinghands,sheplanteditinabrokenflowerpot,determinedtobringlifetotheemptyspace.(一个下雨的下午，她发现屋顶上满是垃圾和碎瓦。想起一堂关于植物如何改善城市的课，Mei把手伸进口袋，找到了一颗从老家带来的干向日葵种子。她颤抖着双手，把它种在一个破花盆里，决心给这个空荡荡的地方带来生机)”可知，文章围绕Mei在城市屋顶开展种植项目，使原本破败的屋顶空间重焕生机，不仅让植物生长，还让邻里关系更加紧密，实现了绿色复苏，治愈了破碎空间。选项B“绿色复苏：治愈破碎空间”为最佳标题。故选B。CMarinescientistshavebuiltarobotfishnamedBionicSwimmertosavestrugglingcoral(珊瑚)areas.Weighingjust1.2kg—aboutasheavyasathickdictionary—thisrobotfishmoveslikearealfishwithitssoftrubber-likematerialfinsthatwavegently.Designedasahiddenobserverofthesea,itnavigatesthroughcoralgardenswithoutfrighteningmarinelife.Ittakesclearpicturesofcoralsthatarelosingcolorandchecksthewater’stemperatureandacidity(酸度).Unlikenoisyunderwatermachinesthatscareseaanimalsaway,BionicSwimmerfitsperfectlywithunderwaterhabitats.Thisrobotfishcanworknonstopfor12hoursandmapfadingcoralareas20%fasterthanhumandivers.Unliketraditionalunderwatermachinesthatscaresealifewithloudnoises,itusesaflexible,fish-liketailtomovequietly.Duringa2023missiononAustralia’sGreatBarrierReef,itcheckedriskyareas35%fasterbyusingtinysensorstocheckwaterchangesinrealtime.However,whendivingdeeperthan50meters,40%ofitsdatadisappearsbecausewaterpressureweakenssignals—likeatextmessagethatdoesn’tgetdelivered.Thisshowsthechallengesofexploringthedeepsea.Tofixthis,MITscientistsaddedlight-uptoits“skin,”inspiredbybioluminescentanglerfishthat“talk”withself-madelightindarkwater.Thesespotsblinklikeacodetosenddataupwards.Testsincompletedarknessunderhighpressureshowedthatthis“lightlanguage”works85%ofthetime.“Deep-seacreaturesgaveusthissmartmethod,”saysprojectleaderDr.ElenaTorres,“especiallyhowbioluminescentanimalslearnedtocommunicateindarkness.”By2025,upgradedBionicSwimmerswilluselong-distancelaser(激光)technologytosendreal-timewarningsfromthedeepestpartsoftheocean.Theseroboticprotectorscankeepwatchoncoralareasallthetime,noticingdangeroustemperatureincreasesfromfartherawaythancurrentsystems.Imaginebrightrobotfishswimmingthroughacoralarea—theirnewtoolssendingsignalsacrosswideunderwaterspacestokeepsealifesafe!28.WhatisthemaintaskofBionicSwimmer?A.Exploringdeep-seavolcanoes. B.Testingoceanmaterialresistance.C.Monitoringcoralhealthsecretly. D.Replacingunderwaterphotographers.29.HowdoesBionicSwimmerdifferfromolderequipment?A.Divingbeyond100meters. B.Usingsolarenergy.C.Managingextremepressure. D.Silentfish-likemovement.30.Whatdoes“bioluminescent”meaninParagraph3?A.Survivingwithoutoxygen. B.Sensingtemperatureshifts.C.Producingnaturallight. D.Hidingfromhunters.31.Whatisexpectedtoimproveperformance?A.Expandingsignalrange. B.Increasingswimmingspeed.C.Attractingseacreatures. D.Cuttingproductioncosts.【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋科学家研发的一款名为BionicSwimmer的机器人鱼，详细描述了它的设计、功能、工作原理、优势以及面临的挑战和解决方案。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Designedasahiddenobserverofthesea,itnavigatesthroughcoralgardenswithoutfrighteningmarinelife.Ittakesclearpicturesofcoralsthatarelosingcolorandchecksthewater'stemperatureandacidity(酸度).(作为海洋的“隐形观察者”，它能在珊瑚礁群中穿行而不惊吓海洋生物，可拍摄正在褪色的珊瑚的清晰照片，并监测海水的温度和酸度)”可知，仿生游泳者的主要任务是秘密监测珊瑚健康状况。故选C。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unliketraditionalunderwatermachinesthatscaresealifewithloudnoises,itusesaflexible,fish-liketailtomovequietly.(它采用灵活的鱼形尾鳍安静游动，不像传统水下机器会因噪音惊扰海洋生物)”可知，仿生游泳者与旧设备的区别在于其像鱼一样的静音移动方式。故选D。【30题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Tofixthis,MITscientistsaddedlight-uptoits“skin,”inspiredbybioluminescentanglerfishthat“talk”withself-madelightindarkwater.(为解决这一问题，麻省理工学院的科学家受bioluminescent鮟鱇鱼的启发，在机器鱼的“皮肤”上添加了发光点——这类深海鱼类能利用自身产生的光在黑暗的海水中“交流”)”可知，“bioluminescent”指这类鮟鱇鱼能在黑暗的水中用“自身产生的光”交流，因此其含义为“产生自然光”。选项C“Producingnaturallight(产生自然光)”与此相符。故选C。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“By2025,upgradedBionicSwimmerswilluselong-distancelaser(激光)technologytosendreal-timewarningsfromthedeepestpartsoftheocean.(到2025年，升级后的“仿生游泳者”将利用长距离激光技术，从海洋最深处发送实时警报)”可知，未来升级的仿生游泳者将通过长距离激光技术从海洋最深处发送实时警报，解决深海信号传输问题，预期通过扩大信号范围提升性能。故选A。DSchooldininghallsdiscoveredasurprisingfact:Whenstudentsface6jamchoices,theybuy10timesmorethanwhenoffered24options.This“choiceoverload,”studiedbypsychologistBarrySchwartz,nowaffectsteenagerseverywhere.Frompickingschoolcoursestochoosingdrinkflavors,endlessoptionsleaveteensstressedinsteadofexcited.Schwartz’sresearchhighlightsaparadox(矛盾):whilefreedomofchoiceseemsdesirable,toomanyoptionsoftenleadtoanxietyandindecision,makingithardertotakeaction.Brainscienceshowswhythishappens.Toomanychoicesactivatethebrain’sfearcenter,triggeringfeelingsofuncertainty,andtirethedecision-makingarea,whichhandleslogicaljudgments.Forexample,a10thgraderfromacoastalcityadmitsspending40minutesdailysurfingavideoapp.“Ican’tstopsearchingfortheperfectshortvideo,”hesays.Thisillustrates“decisionfatigue(疲劳)”—amentalexhaustioncausedbyconstantsmallchoices.Overtime,thistakesenergyneededforcriticaltaskslikehomeworkorplanningfuturegoals.PhilosopherHannahArendt’sideaabout“smallevils”fromthoughtlessactionsfindsnewmeaningtoday.Shearguedthatrepetitive,unthinkingbehaviorscouldleadtoharmfulconsequences.Modernlifemirrorsthis:endlesstrivial(琐碎的)decisions—likepickingsnacksoradjustingphotofilters—dullourabilitytomakemeaningfulchoices.Automaticscrollingreplacesdeepthinking,muchlikeblindlyfollowingordersoncenormalizedharmfulhistoricalacts.Arendt’swarningurgesustoreflect:Arewelosingthecapacitytofocusonwhattrulymatters?Schoolsarefightingback.AhighschoolineasternChinareducedelectivecoursedropoutsby55%using“decisioncleanliness”—amethodofferingonly3optionspersubject.Thisapproachsimplifieschoices,allowingstudentstofocusonqualityoverquantity.Asoneheadmasterexplains,“Limitingoptionsreducesstressandhelpsstudentscommittotheirdecisions.”Otherstrategiesincludesimplifyingcafeteriamenusandsettingscreen-freetimeblocks.Thesepracticesenableteenstoregainmentalenergy,provingthatsometimes,lesstrulyismore.32.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheschooldininghallexperiment?A.Morechoicesdrivesales. B.Feweroptionsaiddecisions.C.Foreignfoodstemptyouth. D.Adultsdecidemorequickly.33.Whichtermbestdescribesthestudent’s40-minutesurfinghabit?A.Efficienttask-switching. B.Schoolworkstressrelief.C.Creativecontentbrowsing. D.Decision-makingfatigue.34.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningHannahArendtinparagraph3?A.Mindlessactscauseharm. B.Choicesshapeactions.C.Habitsweakenthinking. D.Reflectionpreventsmistakes.35.WhatsolutionworkedintheeasternChinahighschool?A.Banningsmartphoneusage. B.Offeringlimitedoptions.C.Extendingdecisiontime. D.Increasingteacherguidance.【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“选择过载”这一现象展开，阐述了这一现象对青少年的影响，产生这一现象的原因以及应对这一现象的策略。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Schooldininghallsdiscoveredasurprisingfact:Whenstudentsface6jamchoices,theybuy10timesmorethanwhenoffered24options.(学校食堂发现了一个惊人的事实：当学生面对6种果酱选择时，他们的购买量是提供24种选择时的10倍)”以及“Schwartz’sresearchhighlightsaparadox(矛盾):whilefreedomofchoiceseemsdesirable,toomanyoptionsoftenleadtoanxietyandindecision,makingithardertotakeaction.(Schwartz的研究揭示了一个矛盾：尽管选择的自由看似令人向往，但过多的选项往往会导致焦虑和优柔寡断，使人更难采取行动)”可知，更少的选项反而促进了购买行为，说明选择过载会抑制决策，而精简选项有助于人们更快做出决定。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forexample,a10thgraderfromacoastalcityadmitsspending40minutesdailysurfingavideoapp.“Ican’tstopsearchingfortheperfectshortvideo,”hesays.Thisillustrates“decisionfatigue(疲劳)”—amentalexhaustioncausedbyconstantsmallchoices.Overtime,thistakesenergyneededforcriticaltaskslikehomeworkorplanningfuturegoals.(例如，一名来自沿海城市的十年级学生承认，自己每天花40分钟刷视频应用。“我忍不住一直在寻找完美的短视频，”他说。这说明了“决策疲劳”——一种由持续的小选择引起的精神疲惫。久而久之，这种疲劳会消耗完成作业或规划未来目标等重要任务所需的精力)”可知，学生因为不断寻找完美短视频这一持续的小选择导致精神疲惫，对应决策疲劳。故选D。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“PhilosopherHannahArendt’sideaabout“smallevils”fromthoughtlessactionsfindsnewmeaningtoday.Shearguedthatrepetitive,unthinkingbehaviorscouldleadtoharmfulconsequences.Modernlifemirrorsthis:endlesstrivial(琐碎的)decisions—likepickingsnacksoradjustingphotofilters—dullourabilitytomakemeaningfulchoices.Automaticscrollingreplacesdeepthinking,muchlikeblindlyfollowingordersoncenormalizedharmfulhistoricalacts.Arendt’swarningurgesustoreflect:Arewelosingthecapacitytofocusonwhattrulymatters?(HannahArendt关于“不假思索的行为产生小恶”的观点在今天有了新的意义。她认为，重复性的、缺乏思考的行为可能导致有害后果。现代生活印证了这一点：选择零食或调整照片滤镜等无尽的琐碎决定，削弱了我们做出有意义选择的能力。无意识的滑动屏幕取代了深度思考，就像盲目服从命令曾让历史上的有害行为常态化一样。Arendt的警告敦促我们反思：我们是否正在失去关注真正重要事物的能力？)”可知，第三段提到Arendt的“小恶”观点，指出“重复性、缺乏思考的行为（如无休止的琐碎决策）会导致有害后果”，并以“无意识滑动屏幕”为例说明其削弱深度思考能力。作者引用Arendt的目的是强调不假思索的行为可能带来负面影响。故选A。【35题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Schoolsarefightingback.AhighschoolineasternChinareducedelectivecoursedropoutsby55%using“decisioncleanliness”—amethodofferingonly3optionspersubject.Thisapproachsimplifieschoices,allowingstudentstofocusonqualityoverquantity.(学校正在采取应对措施。中国东部一所高中通过“决策精简”（每门学科仅提供3种选项）将选修课退课率降低了55%。这种方法简化了选择，让学生专注于质量而非数量)”可知，该校通过“每门学科仅提供3种选项”的方式减少了退课率，核心措施是限制选项数量。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Smartlearningisn’tjustaboutstudyhours—it’saboutstudyskills.Toremembermore,trythesescience-backedmethods.Short,spacedstudysessionsaremoreeffective.Forexample,studying30minutesdailyforaweekbeats5hoursthenightbeforeatest.___36___Activerecallisbetterthanpassivereading.Insteadofrereadingnotes,testyourself.___37___Thisforcesyourbraintoaccessknowledge,strengtheningmemoryandimprovingretention.___38___Mixingsubjectsinonesession(math,history,science)helpsyouspotconnections.Forinstance,linkinghistoricaleventstoscientificdiscoveriesdeepensunderstanding.Italsopreventsboredomandkeepsyourmindengaged,makingstudysessionsmoreefficient.Metacognitionmeanscheckinghowwellyouknowsomething.___39___Ask:“Whatdon’tIunderstand?”Usetoolslikemindmapstovisualize(可视化)knowledgegaps.Thisself-awarenesshelpsyoufocusonweakareasandadjustyourstudyplanaccordingly.Finally,restandexercisematter.Sleephelpsyourbrainsavememories.___40___A10-minutewalkincreasesbloodflowtothebrain,keepingyouawake.Evenlightstretchingcanimproveconcentrationduringstudysessions.Aimfor30minutesofexercisedailytoimproveoverallbrainfunction.A.Combinedifferentsubjectsduringstudytime.B.Studyinaquietenvironmentforbetterfocus.C.Reflectonyourunderstandingandfindgaps.D.Physicalactivityandrestimprovementalfocus.E.Writedownwhatyourememberoruseflashcards.F.This“spacingeffect”strengthenslong-termmemory.G.Somelearningmethodsaremoreeffectivethanothers.【答案】36.F37.E38.A39.C40.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一些有科学依据的、有效的学习方法。【36题详析】上文“Forexample,studying30minutesdailyforaweekbeats5hoursthenightbeforeatest.(例如，连续一周每天学习30分钟胜过考试前一晚学习5个小时)”举例说明一种有效的学习方法，F项“这种‘间隔效应’加强了长期记忆”说明这种方法的作用，符合语境，故选F。【37题详析】上文“Activerecallisbetterthanpassivereading.Insteadofrereadingnotes,testyourself.(主动回忆比被动阅读好。与其重读笔记，不如测试自己)”强调“主动回忆”，E项“写下你所记得的或使用抽认卡”是主动回忆的具体实践方法，与后文“Thisforcesyourbraintoaccessknowledge,strengtheningmemoryandimprovingretention.(这会迫使你的大脑获取知识，加强记忆，提高记忆力)”中“forcesyourbraintoaccessknowledge”完全匹配，故选E。【38题详析】根据下文“Mixingsubjectsinonesession（math,history,science）helpsyouspotconnections.(把不同的科目混合在一起（数学、历史、科学）可以帮助你找到联系)”可知，段落核心是“把不同的科目混合在一起”，A项“在学习期间结合不同的科目”直接概括这一主题，故选A。【39题详析】根据上文“Metacognitionmeanscheckinghowwellyouknowsomething.(元认知意味着检查你对某事的了解程度)”可知，段落围绕“元认知”展开，结合下文“Ask:“Whatdon’tIunderstand?”Usetoolslikemindmapstovisualize(可视化)knowledgegaps.Thisself-awarenesshelpsyoufocusonweakareasandadjustyourstudyplanaccordingly..(问：“我有什么不明白的？”使用思维导图之类的工具来可视化知识差距。这种自我意识可以帮助你专注于薄弱的领域，并相应地调整你的学习计划)”可知，此处强调反思理解和发现知识漏洞，C项“反思你的理解，找出差距”符合语境，故选C。【40题详析】根据上文“F