广东省深圳市2025届高三下学期第一次调研考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省深圳市2025届高三下学期第一次调研考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenestriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.1.Whatdoesthecampoffer?A.Samplegatheringpractice.B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C.Researchlabmembership.D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.2.Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A.$400. B.$765.C.$1,125. D.$1,250.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了鲍林格林州立大学的夏令营，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?(营员们可以参加哪些活动？)”部分中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures(实践标本收集程序)”可知，该夏令营提供标本收集练习，故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“Whatdoesthecostcover?(费用包括什么？)”部分中“Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.(非住宿项目的费用为850美元，住宿项目的额外费用为400美元。项目总费用包括食宿费、实验室和活动的所有材料以及实地考察的交通费。提前加入可享受九折优惠)”可知，住宿项目总费用为850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折优惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“ApplicationRequirements(申请要求)”部分中“Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.(注：由申请人以外的人提供的问题的答案将取消申请资格)”可知，提供别人给出的答案会导致申请人被取消资格，故选B。BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮湿的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潜艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.4.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A.Byholdinganin-persontalk. B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.C.Bysendingaletterbackhome. D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.5.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A.Theunrealisticfantasies. B.Thefictionaltechnologies.C.Thelatestresearchfindings. D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.6.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking.C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科幻小说之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hedescribedthe‘phonotelephone’whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent(他描述了可以远距离传送声音和图像的‘电话机’。主人公FritzNapoleonSmith能够通过这种技术轻松地与他在另一个大陆的妻子交流)”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮湿的)withtears.(Smith先生能够清楚地看到他的妻子，尽管他和她相隔很远……Smimth夫人立即出现在长焦屏幕上，脸上带着微笑，眼里含着泪水)”可知，Smith和妻子交流时使用可以远距离传送声音和图像的“电话机”，妻子的脸会出现在屏幕上，所以Smith是通过即时视频聊天和妻子联系，故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe‘hardsciencefiction’ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.(与同时代的其他作家写更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未来愿景中追求现实主义，总是基于前沿科学和他自己的广泛研究。这为20世纪及以后的‘硬科幻小说’奠定了基础)”可知，“硬科幻小说”以最新的研究结果为基础，故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潜艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.(他的许多故事都描写了一位才华横溢但疯狂的科学家，他的发明最终带来的坏处大于好处。在《海底两万里》中，尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只。Verne认为，人类的本性决定了技术是善的力量还是毁灭的源泉)”可知，Verne描写尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只，这是描写科技带来的坏处，推知他意识到了科技的危险，故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting(他还在他的作品中预言了100多种现代发明和技术)”和第四段中“Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.(Verne以技术为基础的冒险故事代表了一种通过小说想象未来的新方法)”可知，Verne的作品预言了100多种现代发明和技术，以技术为基础想象未来世界，故他具有前瞻性思维，故选D。CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.9.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.Putgreateffortintoasubject.C.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.11.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.(他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.(她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材料为下一次考试做准备)”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.(这些学生以为自己对某个科目gotdownpat，但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多)”可知，学生们在考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.(好消息是，过度自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”——即认识到你的信念可能是错误的)”及全文最后一句“Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”(如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所说的“questionabelief”即前文所说的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。故选D项。DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝胶)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.12.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor13.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-e-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b.C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.14.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需触摸即可感知物体的位置。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，第一段主要介绍了一种鱼类，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，受此启发，科学家们开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(人工传感器是多层的。一层充当发射器，一旦激活就会产生电场，另一层充当接收器，检测物体的方向和距离。一个单独的控制器产生驱动信号来激活发射器。当物体进入范围内时，传感器周围的电场会被扰乱，这反过来又可以被接收器检测到。然后，微控制器单元处理这些数据，计算目标物体的位置，并将该信息发送到智能手机或其他设备)”可知，工作过程是控制器发送激活信号，发射器产生电场，电场被接近的物体扰乱，接收器检测电信号的变化，一个微控制器单元计算目标的位置，结合选项可知，系统工作程序的正确顺序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.(与需要大量传感器来实现空间定位的传统传感器系统相比，新系统可以使用几个传感器在3D空间中精确定位物体。这大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗)”可知，新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，由此可知，新传感器系统的优点是它在实现3D定位方面的效率更高。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统)”可知，文章主要介绍了受生物启发开发的一种新型传感器，该传感器能够通过电场感知物体而无需接触，具备灵活、高效的特点。B选项“Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouching(受生物启发的传感器“无需接触即可感知”)”准确概括了文章的核心内容。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.____16____Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安装)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.____17____It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.____18____Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.____19____Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.____20____It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.B【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处及它的建造过程。【16题详析】根据下文“Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.(它们带来了巨大的环境效益，并为我们这个时代一些紧迫的生态挑战提供了解决方案。)”可知，绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处，C项“如今，绿色屋顶越来越受到人们的关注。”能够引起下文，介绍人们关注绿色屋顶的原因，因为它们来了巨大的环境效益。故选C。【17题详析】根据上文“Thefirststepistoinstall(安装)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.(第一步是在屋顶上安装保护层，以防止水损坏。)”可知，上文告诉我们绿色屋顶的第一步是在屋顶上安装保护层，以防止水损坏，G项“该层还可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。”能够承接上文，介绍了安装保护层的另一个原因，可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。故选G。【18题详析】根据上文“Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.(然后，将土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质铺在排水层上。)”可知，上文告诉我们要在排水层上铺生长介质，A项“这是植物生长的地方。”能够承接上文，土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质是植物生长的地方。故选A。【19题详析】根据上文“Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.(现在是时候为屋顶选择植物了。有些植物根系较浅，不需要太多的水。)”可知，上文告诉我们为屋顶选择植物时，可以选择根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物，D项“这些特性使其成为绿色屋顶的理想选择。”能够承接上文，说明根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物是绿色屋顶的理想选择。故选D。【20题详析】根据下文“t’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.(考虑一下你的预算很重要。平均而言，安装绿色屋顶的成本为每平方英尺25至30美元。)”可知，安装绿色屋顶价格不菲，B项“然而，绿色屋顶的成本很高。”能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了绿色屋顶的高成本。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,____21____apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴达式的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof____22____alongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair____23____flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater____24____intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy____25____back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould____26____tears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be____27____!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.____28____Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收获)whatyou____29____”.“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis____30____,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis____31____,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike____32____inthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction____33____inme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:____34____yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe____35____.21.A.remind B.warn C.require D.train22.A.wealth B.luck C.labour D.wisdom23.A.gently B.hardly C.heavily D.usually24.A.climbed B.bit C.cut D.fell25.A.arched B.broad C.strong D.straightened26.A.hold B.produce C.drop D.replace27.A.quick B.proud C.quiet D.patient28.A.Slowly B.Slightly C.Safely D.Sadly29.A.pick B.find C.sow D.wish30.A.fields B.books C.neighbours D.clothes31.A.affordable B.acceptable C.dependable D.livable32.A.boats B.weeds C.fishes D.waves33.A.welledup B.brokeup C.cooledoff D.heldoff34.A.drag B.kick C.plant D.lift35.A.promoted B.educated C.comforted D.rewarded【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.C32.D33.A34.C35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆了自己在农村稻田劳作的经历，阐述了这段经历培养了自己的坚韧精神，让自己懂得了脚踏实地、不放弃就会有收获的道理。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：以我的经验，所有的农活都能培养一个人形成斯巴达式的精神。A.remind提醒；B.warn警告；C.require要求；D.train培养，训练。根据下文的“developaSpartan(斯巴达式的)spirit”可知，农活能起到培养精神的作用，train符合语境。故选D项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从八岁起，我就得和父母以及两个哥哥一起分担劳动。A.wealth财富；B.luck运气；C.labour劳动；D.wisdom智慧。第一段“Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴达式的)spirit.”以及下文“Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.”提到在农村干农活，这里说分担的应该是劳动，C选项符合文意。故选C项。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在最热的夏天，空气几乎不流动的时候，我跪在稻田里，膝盖深陷在泥里。A.gently温柔地；B.hardly几乎不；C.heavily沉重地；D.usually通常。上文的“hottestsummerdays”说明天气炎热，几乎没有风，空气应该是几乎不流动，符合炎热天气的特点。故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：水里的虫子咬进我的皮肤，太阳炙烤着我弓着的后背。A.climbed爬；B.bit咬；C.cut割；D.fell落下。“bugsandworms”通常是咬人的皮肤，B选项符合虫子的行为。故选B项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水里的虫子咬进我的皮肤，太阳炙烤着我弓着的后背。A.arched拱形的，弧形的；B.broad宽阔的；C.strong强壮的；D.straightened伸直的。根据上文的“Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.”可知，在稻田劳作时，人通常是弓着背的，此处指成拱形的后背，A选项符合劳作时的姿势。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汗水流下来；如果一滴汗流进眼睛里，就会流泪。A.hold持有；B.produce产生；C.drop掉下，使落下；D.replace代替。根据上文的“Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes”可知，汗水流进眼睛会刺激眼睛产生眼泪，“produce”有“产生”的意思，符合语境。故选B项。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉自己：“要有耐心！”A.quick快速的；B.proud骄傲的；C.quiet安静的；D.patient耐心的。根据下文的“Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.”可知，在艰苦的劳作环境中，作者需要鼓励自己有耐心坚持下去。故选D项。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我振作起来，拖着自己向前走。A.Slowly慢慢地；B.Slightly轻微地；C.Safely安全地；D.Sadly悲伤地。根据下文的“Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward”可知，作者在自我鼓励后，逐渐振作起来，“Slowly”能体现这个过程，A选项符合语境。故选A项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我学会了不要害怕困难，也懂得了“一分耕耘，一分收获”的含义。A.pick采摘；B.find找到；C.sow播种；D.wish希望。根据空前“youreapwhatyou”结合作者干农活，可知此处想强调“一分耕耘，一分收获”，sow“播种”对应reap“收获”，“youreap(收获)whatyousow”是固定表达。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不要以貌取人，而要以他的田地来评判他。”我母亲过去常说。A.fields田地；B.books书籍；C.neighbours邻居；D.clothes衣服。根据后文“Thelandis”结合前文在农村干农活的内容，这里说通过田地来评判一个人，A选项符合农村的情境。故选A项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：土地是可靠的，只要你愿意在上面劳作。A.affordable负担得起的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.dependable可靠的；D.livable宜居的。根据上文根据上文“youreapwhatyou”以及下文的“aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit”可知，只要在土地上劳作就会有收获，说明土地是可靠的，C选项符合对土地的描述。故选C项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当微风吹过，稻苗像海浪一样在海里摇曳，美得令人惊叹，一种深深的满足感在我心中涌起。A.boats船；B.weeds杂草；C.fishes鱼；D.waves波浪。根据上文“Whenthewindblew”以及空后“inthesea”可知，此处指风吹动的稻田就像海浪一样。故选D项。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当微风吹过，稻苗像海浪一样在海里摇曳，美得令人惊叹，一种深深的满足感在我心中涌起。A.welledup涌起；B.brokeup分手，破裂；C.cooledoff冷却，镇静下来；D.heldoff推迟。根据上文“adeepsenseofsatisfaction”此处指看到风吹稻田呈现的美景心中涌起满足感，故选A项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然后来我从事学术研究，但我将永远记住在稻田劳作教给我的道理：脚踏实地，永不放弃，你就会得到回报。A.drag拖；B.kick踢；C.plant放置，扎根，（使思想、信念等）植根于；D.lift举起。根据上文“ whatworkinginthepaddyfields”以及“Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud”可知，此处指从事学术研究和种植水稻一样，要脚踏实地，不辞辛劳；“plantyourfeetfirmlyontheground”表示“脚踏实地”符合语境。故选C项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然后来我从事学术研究，但我将永远记住在稻田劳作教给我的道理：脚踏实地，永不放弃，你就会得到回报。A.promoted提升；B.educated教育；C.comforted安慰；D.rewarded回报。根据前文的“youreap(收获)whatyousow”可知，脚踏实地、不放弃就会有收获，也就是会得到