云南保山市2026届高三毕业生第二次模拟考试英语试卷

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1云南保山市2026届高三毕业生第二次模拟考试英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ABookscanopendoorstoscience,history,language,andeverydaylife.Thefollowingfourtitlesofferreadersdifferentbutequallyrewardingjourneys.ThePaleBlueDataPointAnEarth-BasedPerspectiveontheSearchforAlienLifeJonWillisThisbookexploreshowscientistssearchforlifebeyondEarth.Itintroducesplanets,spacetechnology,andthequestionsresearchersaskwhenlookingforunknownlifeintheuniverse.“Anenlighteningread...acharmingandapproachablelookathowscientistsarehuntingbeyondEarthforlifeunknowntous.”—GregoryJ.GburDecodingtheHandAHistoryofScience,Medicine,andMagicAlisonBashfordBashfordexamineshowpeopleacrosshistorystudiedthehand,believingthatitsshape,size,andlinescouldrevealhealth,personality,andevenfate.“Arichlydetailedandthought-provoking(发人深省的)historythatrevealshowthehandhasstoodatthecrossroadsofknowledge,belief,andculture.”—SimonSchaffer,UniversityofCambridgeTheWorldinaPhraseABriefHistoryoftheAphorism(格言)(SecondEdition)JamesGearyThisbooktracesthehistoryofshort,powerfulsayingsandexplainswhyaphorismsremainpopularinliteratureanddailycommunication.“Clear,lively,andfullofinsight,thisbookshowswhybriefsayingscontinuetoshapethewaywethinkandspeak.”—TheNewYorkTimesTheNotebookAHistoryofThinkingonPaperRolandAllenAllentellsthestoryofthenotebookandshowshowithashelpedtravelers,writers,scientists,andartistsrecordideasandshapetheirthinking.“Afascinatingaccountofaneverydayobjectthathasquietlyinfluencedthewaypeoplecollectknowledgeanddevelopideas.”—PublishersWeekly1.WhatisJonWillis’sbookmainlyabout?A.ThehuntforlifeoutsideEarth. B.Themysteryofplanetformation.C.Thehistoryofhumanspaceflights. D.Thedevelopmentofspacetechnologies.2.WhoreviewedDecodingtheHand?A.AlisonBashford. B.SimonSchaffer. C.JamesGeary. D.RolandAllen.3.Whatdothelasttwobookshaveincommon?A.Theymixliteratureandscience. B.Theyteachcreativewritingskills.C.Theyimprovedailycommunication. D.Theyrelatetothinkingandexpression.BHaveyoueverletcircumstancesconvinceyouthatyourdreamsareoutofreach?NancySolari’slifeisapowerfulanswertothatdoubt—sheturnedblindness,loss,andhardshipintoalifeofpurpose,provingthat“vision”haslittletodowithsight.At10,NancywatchedTheOprahWinfreyShowandknewshewantedtobeahost.ShelaterstudiedBroadcastingandPsychology,buildinganearlycareerinproductionandon-airreporting.Butat16,adiagnosisofRetinitisPigmentosa—adegenerativeeyedisease—changedeverything.Hervisionfadedslowly:first,readingtelepromptersbecameastruggle,thenfacesblurred,untilshewaslegallyblind.Shealsofaceddomesticviolence,familytensions,andpainfulpersonalloss,eachchallengestrengtheningherresilience.OnethingthatsetsNancyapartisthewaysheconnectswithpeopleininterviews.Insteadofdependingonprewrittennotes,shepreparesbylisteningcloselyandallowingguests’storiesofheartbreakandsuccesstoshapetheconversation.“Idon’treadnotes,”sheonceshared.“Thedialogueunfoldsnaturally,andguestsoftenfindittherapeutic.”Today,Nancy’sinfluencereachesfarbeyondbroadcasting.ShehostsTheLivingFullOutShow,aradioandTVplatformreachingmillions,andfoundedNonprofitMVP,aTVcompetitionthatoffersexposureandprizestoworthynonprofits.Asacoachandspeaker,sheencouragespeopletoturnobstaclesintoopportunities.ForNancy,“LivingFullOut”—herlife’smantra(信条)—meanstrustinginfaith,askingforhelpwhennecessary,andrefusingtoletadversitydefineherstory.Herjourneyteachesusatimelesslesson:Ourgreatestlimitationsareoftentheonesweaccept.Withpurposeandcourage,eventhedarkestchallengescanbecomethefoundationofourbrightestachievements.4.WhydoestheauthormentionTheOprahWinfreyShowinparagraph2?A.Tointroducethehistoryofbroadcasting.B.ToshowNancy’searlyinterestinpsychology.C.ToidentifythesourceofNancy’scareerdream.D.TocompareNancy’shostingstylewithOprah’s.5.HowdoesNancymakeherinterviewsspecial?A.Byusingdetailedprewrittennotes.B.Bydevelopingconversationsnaturally.C.Byinvitingfamousgueststohershow.D.Byfocusingonguests’successstories.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNancy?A.Determinedandinfluential. B.Humorousandrelaxed.C.Quietanddependent. D.Strictanddoubtful.7.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A.Mediaworkneedsspecialskills.B.Losscanpreventpersonalgrowth.C.Purposeandcouragebeathardship.D.Successdependsonpublicsupport.CWhydopeopleoftenmakechoicesthatseemirrational(不理智的)?Considerthe“peanutseffect”:whenoffered$0.10forsureora10%chanceof$1,manypicktheriskyoption.Butifthestakes(份额)riseto$1,000vs.a10%chanceof$10,000,mostchoosetheguaranteedmoney.Thisreversalhaslongpuzzledeconomists,whooncevieweditasaweaknessinhumanreasoning.A2025studyinCognitivePsychologychallengesthatview,framingsuchbehaviorasanoptimizationstrategyratherthanamistake.LedbyDr.ZhangHang’steam,theresearchdevelopedan“AssemblableResource-RationalModules”(ARRM)framework,modelingdecision-makingasinformationprocessingwithlimitedcognitiveresources.Theteamtestedtwokeyhypotheses(假说).First,the“rationalinattention”assumption:brainsdevotemorefocustohigh-stakeschoices.Whenrewardsgrow,peopleinvestextracognitiveefforttoestimateprobabilitiesaccurately.Second,the“structuralprior”hypothesis:lifetimeexperienceteachesusthat“higherriskmeanshigherreturn,”soweleanonthisruleforsmallstakes.Analyzingnewandpublisheddata,theARRMframeworksuccessfullyexplainedthepeanutseffect’scorefeatures.“Whatlooksillogicalisactuallythebrain’swayofsavingresources,”Zhangexplains.Forsmallrewards,theefforttocalculateexactprobabilitiesisn’tworthit—soweusesimplerules.Forlargerewards,precisionbecomesvaluable.Thisresearchchangesourunderstandingofdecision-making:apparentanomaliesoftenreflectlogicalresourcemanagement.Itmayalsohelpdesignbetterfinancialadvice,tailoringguidancetohowpeoplenaturallyprocessriskandreward.8.Whatdoesthe“peanutseffect”referto?A.Relianceonpastexperience. B.Shiftsinriskattitudewithrewardsize.C.Mistakesinhumanreasoning. D.Limitationsineconomicdecisions.9.Whatdoesthefirstassumptionsuggest?A.Smallrewardsgetlesspopularity. B.Largerewardsaffectjudgment.C.Effortriseswithrewardvalue. D.Smallchoicesneedexactjudgment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anomalies”inparagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Unusualcases. B.Commonhabits. C.Carefulplans. D.Mentalresources.11.Whatmighttheresearchbeappliedto?A.Developingcognitivetraining. B.Avoidingdailyliferisks.C.Increasingrewardvalues. D.Offeringpersonalizedfinancialtips.DEarth’smesosphere,alayeroftheatmospherefaraboveairplaneroutesandweathersystems,isfacingagrowingbutlittle-knownpollutionproblem:theburn-upofsatellitesduringre-entry.Morethan15,000satellitesarealreadycirclingEarth,andexpertsestimatethatanother70,000maybelaunchedby2030.Sincemostsatelliteshavelimitedlifetimes,manywilleventuallyfallbackthroughtheatmosphereandburnup.Scientistswarnthatthisprocessreleasesaluminumoxide,soot(煤烟),andotherreactivesubstancesintohighaltitudeswheretheireffectsarestillnotfullyunderstood.Aluminumisamajormaterialinsatellites,makingupabout40percentofatypicalone.Whenasatelliteburns,muchofthisaluminumturnsintoalumina(氧化铝),asubstancethatmayweakentheozonelayer,whichprotectslifeonEarthfromharmfulultravioletradiation.Anotherconcernissoot.Althoughfarlesssootreachesthemesospherethanlowerlevelsoftheatmosphere,itcanremainthereforyears,absorbsunlight,andtrapheat.A2022studysuggestedthatsootatsuchheightsmayhaveawarmingeffecthundredsoftimesstrongerthansootreleasedbycarsneartheground.Whatworriesresearchersevenmoreisthespeedofchange.Before2020,emissionsofmetalsandsootfromsatellitere-entrieswererisingatabout6percentayear.After2020,therateincreasedsharplyasmoresatelliteswerelaunched.A2025simulation(模拟推演)suggestedthatafuturesystemofover60,000short-lifetimesatellitescouldwarmthemesosphere(中间层)by1.5°Candweakenpolarwinds.Suchchangesmightinfluenceatmosphericcirculationinwaysscientistsdonotyetfullyunderstand.Researchersarenowexploringpossiblewaystoeasethedanger.Somescientistsaretestingwhetherdifferentre-entrypathscouldreduceharmfulemissions,thoughsuchmethodsmaycreateotherchemicals.Atthesametime,engineersaredevelopingatmosphere-breathingsatellitesandstudyingin-orbitrefuelingsothatspacecraftcanstayinuselongerandavoidunnecessaryre-entries.Evenso,expertsstressthatmoreresearchisurgentlyneededbeforetheproblemgrowsbeyondcontrol.12.Whyisaluminafromsatelliteburn-upsamajorconcern?A.Itreleasesharmfulradiation.B.Itblockssunlightandtrapsheat.C.Itaffectsglobalweathersystems.D.ItdamagesEarth’sprotectiveshield.13.Whatmayhappeniftheproblemisleftunchecked?A.Worseeffectsfromupper-airsoot.B.Abreakinthenaturaltemperaturebalance.C.Awarmermesosphereandweakenedwinds.D.Acontinuousriseinspacedevicelaunches.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Potentialapproachestotheissue. B.Researchonnewre-entrypaths.C.Hiddenworriesofskyprojects. D.Newprogressincraftrefueling.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SolutionstoHighAirPollution B.FallingSatellites:AThreattoMesosphereC.TheUncertainFutureofSatelliteTechnology D.Mesosphere:AffectedbyMan-madeFlyingUnits第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheWorldHealthOrganizationpredictsthatby2050,halfoftheglobalpopulationmayhavemyopia(近视).Thissharprisehasledscientiststostudyitscausesandpreventionmoreclosely.●____16____Myopiaoftenbeginsinchildhood,whentheeyeballgrowstoolongfromfronttoback.Thenlightcannotfocuscorrectlyontheretina,sodistantobjectsappearblurry.Researchersbelievenormaleyegrowthdependsonabalancebetweenbiologyandenvironment.Whenthatbalanceisdisturbed,myopiamaydevelop.●WhyoutdoortimemaymattermoreResearchersnowpointtoonemajorfactor:childrenarespendinglesstimeoutdoors.____17____.A2017studyinJAMAOphthalmologyfoundthatchildrenwithmoresunlightexposurewerelesslikelytobecomemyopic.●WhyscreensarestillaconcernThisdoesnotmeandigitaldevicesareharmless.Longperiodsofreading,scrolling(刷屏),orgamingkeeptheeyesfocusedonnearbyobjects.____18____.Sowhilescreensmaynotbetheonlycause,theycanstillspeedupmyopia.●MorethanavisionproblemMyopiaisoftenseenasasimpleeyesightissuethatglassescancorrect.____19____.Seriousmyopiamayalsoraisetheriskofothereyediseaseslaterinlife.●Smallchanges,realhelpGoodlighting,lessscreenglare,andregularbreaksduringcloseworkcanallhelpprotecttheeyes.Eyespecialistsalsorecommendthe20-20-20rule:every20minutes,lookatsomething20feetawayfor20seconds.____20____.A.HowmyopiaformsB.WhenmyopiastartsC.Therefore,sunlightmattersmoreD.It’snevertooearlytoprotecteyehealthE.StudieshavelinkedcloseworktohighermyopiariskF.OutdooractivitiesmayhelpbecausetheyreducescreentimeG.Theycanimprovevisionbutdonotremovelaterhealthrisks第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Davidhadlosthisfatherwhenhewasababy.Andbeforeheturned13,hismotherwaskilledinacar____21____.Leftwithnooneto____22____him,hehadtogotofamilycare.ItwastherethatI,apsychologistatachildren’sinstitution,____23____David.Davidwasfacedwithsuchdeep____24____thatIrealizedconventionaltreatmenthadits____25____.Somesorrowsarebeyondwords.Insteadof____26____himtotalk,Isimplyprovidedaconsistentand____27____space.Afterourinitial,wordlessmeetings,Itentativelysuggestedagameofchess.He____28____.Thisbeganourspecial____29____:everyWednesday,weplayedchessincompletesilence.Yet,duringthesesessions,abondwas____30____forming.Iobservedsubtle_____31_____—hisbodylanguagebecamelesstenseandseemedtofind____32____inoursharedfocus.The____33____camemonthslater.Whilehewasbentoverthechessboard,hesuddenlylookedup,metmygaze,andsaid,“It’syourturn.”Thosethreewordswereasignalforanewbeginning.Davidstartedtalking,madefriends,and____34____lifeagainthroughactivitieslikeabicycleclub.WhileIofferedDavidmypresence,hetaughtmefarmore:timeandcompanionshipcan____35____inwaysthatwordscannot.21.A.exhibition B.competition C.tour D.accident22.A.agreewith B.carefor C.relyon D.playwith23.A.examined B.tested C.met D.understood24.A.sadness B.stress C.anxiety D.confusion25.A.risks B.limits C.rules D.advantages26.A.allowing B.begging C.wanting D.pressing27.A.sympathetic B.exciting C.generous D.enormous28.A.doubted B.nodded C.hesitated D.sighed29.A.course B.exercise C.routine D.task30.A.quietly B.easily C.formally D.finally31.A.items B.marks C.shifts D.features32.A.courage B.comfort C.passion D.energy33.A.mistake B.disaster C.conclusion D.breakthrough34.A.abandoned B.balanced C.embraced D.improved35.A.heal B.remain C.appear D.continue第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AnexhibitionandacademicconferencehighlightingthecivilizationoftheancientShuKingdominChinaopenedonSaturdayinOxford,England,____36____around160guestsattendingtheopeningceremony.____37____(title)“BehindtheMasks:DiscoveringSanxingduiandJinsha,”theeventatStAnne’sCollege,UniversityofOxford,showcasesthelatestarchaeological____38____(discovery)fromtherenownedSanxingduiandJinshaarchaeologicalsitesinsouthwestChina,____39____datebackapproximately3,600to2,800years.Throughphotographs,multimediainstallationsandcopiesofartifacts,theexhibitionintroducesvisitorstotheartisticsplendorand____40____(spirit)imaginationofChina’sancientShucivilization.Theexhibitiondisplays14reconstructedrelicreplicas(复制品),____41____itadoptshigh-techexperiencesallowingattendeesto____42____(virtual)explorearchaeologicalsites,offeringadynamicencounterbetweenarchaeologyanddigitaltechnology.Aconferenceheldthesameafternoon____43____(bring)togetherexpertsandscholarsinthefieldsofarchaeologyandculturalheritagefromChinaandBritain____44____(exchange)insightsonrecentfindingsandopportunitiesforfuturecollaboration.TheexhibitionrunsuntilNovember12.TheSanxingduiMuseumandtheJinshaSiteMuseumserveasco-organizers,alongside____45____numberofotherinstitutions.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华。你校即将开设劳动实践校本课程“匠心工坊”(Craft&DevotionLab)。请给你同班的澳大利亚留学生Peter写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.介绍课程内容；2.邀请他参与。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearPeter,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。EversinceanAIstudyappgainedpopularityamongstudents,ithasgraduallybecomepartofmydailystudyroutine.Atfirst,Ionlyusedittocheckdifficultwordsandgrammarpoints.Butbeforelong,Ibeganaskingitformore.Itcouldsummarizepassages,organizewritingideas,andevenoffermodelsentencesfarbetterthanmine.Ilovedthefeeling.Whilemyclassmateswerestillworkingthroughtheirnotes,Icouldfinishhomeworkfasterandmoreneatly.MyEnglishcompositionsbecamelongerandmorepolished.Evenmyweeklyreflection,whichusedtotakemealongtime,couldnowbedoneinjustafewminutes.ItoldmyselfIwassimplyusingtechnologywisely.OneFridayafternoon,ourEnglishteacher,Ms.Miller,announcedanin-classwritingtaskforthefollowingMonday.“Nophones,nodevices,andnoreferencematerials,”shesaid.“Justyourownmind,