河北省张家口市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省张家口市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparity(宇称理论)inphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria(疟疾).Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producerC.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleformalaria. B.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions.C.SheisthefirstChinesNobelwinner. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommon?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位改变世界的女性科学家。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据HedyLamarr(1914—2000)部分中的“Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.(奥地利出生的拉玛出演了许多好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。她还非常聪明，是一个自学成才的发明家)”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一位女演员。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据TuYouyou(1930—)部分中的“Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.(她的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命)”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.(下面是四位打破界限、改变世界的人)”可知，这四位女科学家共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。故选D。BAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasafightagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthefightagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills(毅力)!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.4.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor______.A.waswelltrained B.losthope C.feltfrightened D.madeuphismindtorun5.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toappreciatethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toshowhewasnotgoodatsports.C.Totellthereadersafunnystory.D.Toshareasweetmemory.6.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hesucceeded. B.Hegaveuphalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.7.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者七年级时被体育老师说不适合运动，三十多岁时却克服困难跑完一次马拉松赛跑，撕掉了别人给贴的标签，战胜自我。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段末“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.(然而，我决心继续前进)”可知，虽然受伤了，训练时间不足，但是他却决定按原计划参加马拉松比赛。故选D项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’.(我记得我上七年级的时候。在我的第一堂体育课上，老师要求我们跑几圈，然后打一个垒球。我也做得不好。后来他告诉我，我‘不擅长运动’)”可知，作者提到七年级时的体育老师，是想说明自己不擅长体育运动。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.(我是最后到达终点的选手之一。但是我完成了！我得到了一枚奖章)”可知，作者的马拉松比赛成功跑完。故选A项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa'marathonwinner'(我决心做我自己，勇往直前，摆脱羞耻和世俗的标签，现在我可以称自己为‘马拉松冠军’)”可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，赢家不一定是比赛得第一的人，只要有坚强的意志，足够怒路，能实现自己的目标就是获胜者。故选C项。CDoyouusetheweekendstocatchuponsleep?Ifso,youmaywanttorethinkthat.Sincethe1990s,scientistshaveunderstoodthatlackingsleepcanharmpeople’shealth.Thechangesitcausescanleadtoobesityanddiabetes.Yetinarecentsurvey,alittlemorethanoneineverythreeU.S.adultsreportedsleepingfewerthantherecommendedsevenhoursanight.Weekendsmayseemlikeagreattimetocatchuponsleep.Scientists,however,weren’tsurethatwouldwork.SoChristopherDiner,asleepphysiologistattheUniversityofColoradoandhiscolleaguesdecidedtotestitout.Theteamlookedatthreegroupsofpeopleintheirmid-20s.Forroughlytwoweeks,eachgroupfollowedasetsleepschedule.Onegroupsleptabouteighthourseverynight.Anothergrouponlygotaboutfivehoursofshuteyeanight.Thethirdgroupsleptsomefivehourseachweeknight,butcouldsleepwheneverandhowevermuchtheywantedovertheweekend.Thegroupswithlesssleepsnackedmoreatnight,gainedmoreweight,andsawtheirinsulin(胰岛素)sensitivitydropcomparedtothegroupgettingninehoursanight,saidthestudy.Thegroupthatreceivedtwodaystocatchuponsleepsawsomesmallimprovementsthatwerelostoncetheyreturnedtoashortersleepschedule.Peopleinthestudywhogottoolittlesleepeverynightgainedweight.Sodidtheweekendsleep-incrowd.“Intheend,wedidn’tseeanybenefitinanymetabolic(新陈代谢的)outcomeinthepeoplewhogottosleepinontheweekend,”ChrisDepner,anassistantresearchprofessorofthestudysaidinastatement.Insomecases,insulinsensitivityamongmembersofthegroupwiththeweekendtocatchupdeclinedmorethanthosewhoconsistentlysleptfivehoursanight,saidthestudy.8.WhydidDinerandhisteamconductthestudy?A.Toassistdoctors’work. B.Tofinishanassignment.C.Toprovetheirassumption. D.Toremovetheirdoubt.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthetest?A.Byusingaquestionnaire. B.Bycomparingthreesleeppatterns.C.Bytrackingonegroupfortwoweeks. D.Bymakingcause-and-effectanalyses.10.Whatdoweknowaboutcatchinguponsleepaccordingtothestudy?A.Itrequiresfurtherstudy. B.Itmakesnodifferencetohealth.C.Itmayleadtoaregularsleeppattern. D.Itmaybringmoreharmthanbenefits.11.Whatmaythefollowingparagraphprobablyfocuson?A.Waysofcatchinguponsleep. B.Benefitsofexerciseforsleep.C.Suggestionsonhealthysleep. D.Disordersfromlackingsleep.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于周末补觉对健康影响的研究。研究表明，周末补觉并不能抵消工作日睡眠不足带来的负面影响，甚至可能带来更多的健康问题。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists,however,weren'tsurethatwouldwork.SoChristopherDiner,asleepphysiologistattheUniversityofColoradoandhiscolleaguesdecidedtotestitout.(然而，科学家们不确定这是否可行。所以科罗拉多大学的睡眠生理学家克里斯托弗·迪纳和他的同事们决定进行测试)”可知，迪纳和他的团队进行这项研究是为了消除他们的疑虑。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamlookedatthreegroupsofpeopleintheirmid-20s.Forroughlytwoweeks,eachgroupfollowedasetsleepschedule.Onegroupsleptabouteighthourseverynight.Anothergrouponlygotaboutfivehoursofshuteyeanight.Thethirdgroupsleptsomefivehourseachweeknight,butcouldsleepwheneverandhowevermuchtheywantedovertheweekend.(研究小组观察了三组25岁左右的人。大约两周的时间里，每组都遵循固定的睡眠时间表。一组每晚睡大约8个小时。另一组每晚只睡大约5个小时。第三组工作日每晚睡5个小时左右，但周末可以想睡多久就睡多久)”可知，研究人员通过比较三种睡眠模式来进行测试。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Intheend,wedidn’tseeanybenefitinanymetabolic(新陈代谢的)outcomeinthepeoplewhogottosleepinontheweekend(最后，我们没有看到周末补觉的人在新陈代谢方面有任何好处)”以及“Insomecases,insulinsensitivityamongmembersofthegroupwiththeweekendtocatchupdeclinedmorethanthosewhoconsistentlysleptfivehoursanight(在某些情况下，周末补觉组的胰岛素敏感性下降幅度比那些一直每晚睡5个小时的人还要大)”可知，根据这项研究，补觉可能带来的危害大于好处。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Intheend,wedidn’tseeanybenefitinanymetabolic(新陈代谢的)outcomeinthepeoplewhogottosleepinontheweekend(最后，我们没有看到周末补觉的人在新陈代谢方面有任何好处)”以及“Insomecases,insulinsensitivityamongmembersofthegroupwiththeweekendtocatchupdeclinedmorethanthosewhoconsistentlysleptfivehoursanight(在某些情况下，周末补觉组的胰岛素敏感性下降幅度比那些一直每晚睡5个小时的人还要大)”可知，根据这项研究，补觉对健康没有好处，那么接下来可能会给出关于健康睡眠的建议。故选C项。DModernmedicineandthelatesttechnologycansavemanylives.Ifyouliveinacountrywherehealthcareisreadilyavailableandaccessible,thenyourchancesofrecoveringfromillnessesoraccidentsareverygood.ButformanypeopleintheUSwhoareuninsured(无保险的),theycan’taffordthesenewmedicaltreatments.That’swhyDoctorDemetrioAguilainNorfolkletspoorpatientspayforsurgery(外科手术)throughvolunteerwork.“ForyearsIhadbeendoingsurgeryforpatientsandtakingcareoftheirhealthproblems.ThenIwouldfindoutmonthslater,sometimesyearslater,thatIhadcausedtheirfinancialruin,”Aguilasaid.Seriousillnessescancompletelydepleteafamily’ssavings,leavingthemnochoicebuttogobankrupt(破产).ThenheformedHealingHandsM25asawaytogivepoorpatientsthemedicalfeestheyneedbydonatingtheirtimetocommunityservice.Theprocessisprettysimple.Theypracticepartnerswithlocalcharitableorganizations.Thepatientpicksthecharityanddonateshistimeandsweat;Aguiladeterminestheamountofvolunteerhoursthepatienthastocomplete.“We’veloweredthecostofhealthcare.We’vemadeitfairforeverybodyinvolved,”Aguilasaid.ThefirstpatienttoparticipateintheprogramwasJeffreyJensonwhoworkedfor560hourstopayforsurgeryonhisleg.Jensonaskedhisfriendsandfamilytohelphimcompletethehours.Jensonsaidthathisvolunteerworkgreatlyaffectedhislifeasmuchasthesurgery.“TheM25programisnotaboutmoney—it’saboutifpeoplecometogethertohelpotherpeople,thenthecommunitybecomesbetter,”saidJenson.Thisprogramisabigwinforthepatients,thelocalcommunity,andDrAguilawhoknowshehasdoneeverythinghecouldtohelphispatients.12.HowdoesAguilamakepoorpatientspayforsurgery?A.Incash. B.Throughaninsurancecompany.C.Bydoingvolunteerwork. D.Byservingthedoctor.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph2mean?A.Setaside. B.Useup. C.Cutdown. D.Addto.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.WhatHealingHandsM25does.B.HowHealingHandsM25works.C.WhyAguilarunsHealingHandsM25.D.WhypatientschooseHealingHandsM25.15.WhatisJenson’sattitudetowardstheM25program?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Unconcerned.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。短文介绍了诺福克的DemetrioAguila医生让贫困患者通过志愿工作支付手术费用，这个项目被称为“治愈之手M25”。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“ButformanypeopleintheUSwhoareuninsured(无保险的),theycan’taffordthesenewmedicaltreatments.That’swhyDoctorDemetrioAguilainNorfolkletspoorpatientspayforsurgery(外科手术)throughvolunteerwork.(但对于许多没有医疗保险的美国人来说，他们负担不起这些新的医疗手段。这就是为什么诺福克的DemetrioAguila医生让贫穷的病人通过志愿者工作来支付手术费用)”可知，Aguila让贫穷的病人做志愿者工作来支付手术费用。故选C项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据前文““ForyearsIhadbeendoingsurgeryforpatientsandtakingcareoftheirhealthproblems.ThenIwouldfindoutmonthslater,sometimesyearslater,thatIhadcausedtheirfinancialruin,”Aguilasaid.(“多年来，我一直在为病人做手术，照顾他们的健康问题。几个月后，有时是几年后，我才发现是我让他们破产的。”Aguila说)”可知，接下来应是解释，Aguila具体发现了什么让他们破产，所以推知depleteafamily’ssavings应是“耗尽一个家庭的积蓄”之意，deplete应是“耗尽”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“ThenheformedHealingHandsM25asawaytogivepoorpatientsthemedicalfeestheyneedbydonatingtheirtimetocommunityservice.Theprocessisprettysimple.Theypracticepartnerswithlocalcharitableorganizations.Thepatientpicksthecharityanddonateshistimeandsweat;Aguiladeterminestheamountofvolunteerhoursthepatienthastocomplete.“We’veloweredthecostofhealthcare.We’vemadeitfairforeverybodyinvolved,”Aguilasaid.(然后，他成立了“治愈之手M25”，通过奉献时间为社区服务，为贫困患者提供所需的医疗费用。这个过程非常简单。他们与当地的慈善组织合作。病人选择慈善事业，奉献自己的时间和汗水；Aguila决定了病人必须完成的志愿工作时间。“我们降低了医疗成本。我们让每个人都参与其中，”Aguila说)”可知，本段主要讲述了疗愈之手M25的工作原理。故选B项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Jensonsaidthathisvolunteerworkgreatlyaffectedhislifeasmuchasthesurgery.“TheM25programisnotaboutmoney—it’saboutifpeoplecometogethertohelpotherpeople,thenthecommunitybecomesbetter,”saidJenson.(Jenson说，他的志愿者工作对他的生活的影响和手术一样大。Jenson说：“M25计划的重点不是钱，而是如果人们团结起来帮助别人，那么社区就会变得更好。”)”可知，Jenson认为M25计划会让社区变得更好，所以他觉得是积极的。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Don'tthinkit'sanimpossibletasktopassyourreadingtests.Lotsofpeoplehavesharedtheirsuccessfulreadingsecretshere.___16___Readapassagetwicebeforelookingupanunknownword.Ifyou'rereadingtogainnewvocabulary,youshouldtreatitasa“fillintheblanks”exercise.Atfirst,you'llhavetoreadeveryparagraphtwice.___17___Thesecondtimeyoureadit,focusonthewordsyoudon'tknow.Tryandworkoutwhateachwordmeansfromthesentencesbeforeandafter.Ifyouhadtoguessthemeaning,whatwoulditbe?___18___WheneveryouarereadinginEnglishandlearnanewword,don'tletitslipaway!Writeitdownwithashortdefinition(定义)oralittledrawing.Somestudentsliketokeepaspecificnotebookforthistheirownpersonaldictionaries!Severalstudieshaveshownthatwritingapieceofinformationdownonpaperhelpsyoutorememberitmoreeasily.Readoutloud.Ifyou'regoingtoputtimeinyourreadingskills,youmayaswellgetsomeextrapracticeforyourspeakingskillstoo!___19___It'sagreatwaytogetusedtospeakingEnglishtoo.Divideyourtimeintoskimreadinganddeepreading.Youshouldspendsomeofyourreadingtime“skim-readingtexts”.Thisway,youlearnhowtogetageneralsenseofwhat'sgoingonwithoutunderstandingeverysingleword.___20___Thisiswhenyoureallyfocusonunderstandingeverythingthat'sgoingon.A.Writedownnewwords.B.Tryreadingsomepassagesoutloudtoyourself.C.It'snormaltoforgethowtoreadwordscorrectly.D.Readingresourcesshouldbealittlehardforyoutoskim.E.Youshouldspendtherestofyourreadingtime“deepreadingtexts”.F.Followthesetipstomakeuseofyourreadingtimeaseffectivelyaspossible.G.Thefirsttime,you’llprobablygetthegeneralideabutbeconfusedbyafewwords.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.B20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种阅读方法，帮助读者提升阅读能力和阅读效率。【16题详析】根据上文“Lotsofpeoplehavesharedtheirsuccessfulreadingsecretshere.”（许多人分享了成功的阅读秘诀。）可知F项“Followthesetipstomakeuseofyourreadingtimeaseffectivelyaspossible.”(采取以下这些建议来让你的阅读时间尽可能高效)符合语境，其中thesetips与上文theirsuccessfulreadingsecrets形成呼应结构。故选F项。【17题详析】根据上文“Atfirst,you'llhavetoreadeveryparagraphtwice.”（首先，必须阅读每个段落两次。）和下文“Thesecondtimeyoureadit,focusonthewordsyoudon'tknow.”（第二次阅读时，专注于你不知道的单词。）可知，设空处应陈述和第一次阅读有关的内容。G项“Thefirsttime,you’llprobablygetthegeneralideabutbeconfusedbyafewwords.”（第一次，你可能会明白大意，但会被几个词弄糊涂）符合文意，其中Thefirsttime起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。【18题详析】设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“WheneveryouarereadinginEnglishandlearnanewword,don'tletitslipaway!Writeitdownwithashortdefinition（定义）oralittledrawing.”（无论何时，当你阅读英语学习新单词时，不要让新单词溜走。用简短的定义或小幅图画写下来。）可知，本段的建议是把新单词记下来。A项“Writedownnewwords.”（写下新单词）可作为小标题。故选A项。【19题详析】根据上文“Readoutloud.”（大声读出来）可知B项“Tryreadingsomepassagesoutloudtoyourself.”（试着自己大声朗读一些段落）符合语境，选项中的readingsomepassagesoutloud呼应小标题Readoutloud。故选B项。【20题详析】根据上文“Divideyourtimeintoskimreadinganddeepreading.”（将你的时间分为略读和深度阅读。）以及“Youshouldspendsomeofyourreadingtime“skim-reading,texts.”（你应该花一些阅读时间来略读文字。）可知E项“Youshouldspendtherestofyourreadingtime“deepreadingtexts.”（剩下的时间你应该花在“深入阅读文章”上）其中therestofyourreadingtime“deepreadingtexts与上文someofyourreadingtime和deepreading相一致，符合本段语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manychildrenmaybefondofanimals,butfeweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.Evenfewerwillbe____21____bythewholeworld,enjoyingthetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace.Butonewomanhas____22____allthat.ShehaslivedwithchimpsintheAfricanforestformanyyearsandmadegreatdiscoveries.JaneGoodall’slifelong____23____inanimalsbeganatanearlyage.Bytheageof10or11,Goodall____24____goingtoAfricatolivewithanimals.Thiswasquiteastrangedreaminthosedays,asyounggirlsdidn’tthinkofhavingsuch“wild”actions.Butshewas____25____byhermother.Shetoldherthatifshereallywantedsomething,sheshouldworkhard,takeadvantageof____26____andnevergiveuplookingforaway.WhenaclosefriendinvitedGoodalltoKenyain1957,shereadily____27____it.Withinafewmonthsofherarrival,shemetthefamousanthropologist(人类学家)DrLouisLeakey,whosoondecidedthatGoodallwasthe____28____personhewaslookingfortobegina____29____ofwildchimpsontheshoreofLakeTanganyikainTanzania.Inthebeginning,studyingthechimpswasnoteasyforher.Theanimalsfledfromher_____30_____.Withastrong_____31_____,shesearchedtheforesteveryday,tryingnottogettooclosetothechimpstoosoon.Graduallythechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence.InOctober1960,sheobservedachimpmakingandusing_____32_____tofishfortermites(白蚁).Thisdiscoverythrew_____33_____onthepopularideaatthetimethatmanwastheworld’sonlytoolmaker.ThelongerGoodall’sresearchcontinues,themoreitbecomesobviousthatchimpsarevery_____34_____tohumans.Sincethemid-1980s,Goodallhasbeenlecturingaroundtheworldtoraisepeople’ssenseaboutenvironmental_____35_____.“Let’sliveinthenewagewithhope,respectforalllivingthings,understandingandlove.”shesaid.21.A.recognised B.known C.accepted D.admitted22.A.founded B.proved C.achieved D.realised23.A.study B.interest C.sense D.dream24.A.wasfondof B.wastiredof C.insistedon D.dreamedof25.A.encouraged B.prevented C.advised D.forced26.A.knowledge B.youth C.hope D.chances27.A.accepted B.refused C.received D.considered28.A.only B.last C.special D.first29.A.project B.study C.centre D.career30.A.insurprise B.inahurry C.asexpected D.infear31.A.will B.body C.desire D.mind32.A.nets B.tools C.holes D.spoons33.A.doubt B.light C.questions D.beliefs34.A.close B.similar C.friendly D.helpful35.A.improvement B.protection C.pollution D.destruction【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.B33.A34.B35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了珍妮·古道尔从事大猩猩研究的事迹——她喜欢动物，将研究动物作为自己的事业，并取得了一些成就。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更少会有人将得到全世界的认可，享有联合国和平使者的称号。A.recognised承认，认可；B.known知道；C.accepted接受；D.admitted承认，招认。根据前文“Manychildrenmaybefondofanimals,butfeweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.(许多孩子可能喜欢动物，但很少有人想过把研究动物作为自己的职业。)”和空后“bythewholeworld,enjoyingthetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace”可知，喜欢动物的孩子有很多，但很少会将研究动物作为职业，而将研究动物作为职业并且为整个世界所认可的人就更少了。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。A.founded创建，创办；B.proved证明；C.achieved完成，达到；D.realised意识到。But前后形成对比关系，上文“feweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.Evenfewerwillbe________bythewholeworld,enjoyingthetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace.”提到很少有人能做到的事情，此处强调珍妮·古道尔做到了。故选C。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮·古道尔从小就对动物产生了终生的兴趣。A.study研究，学习；B.interest兴趣；C.sense感官，意识；D.dream梦想。根据上文“ShehaslivedwithchimpsintheAfricanforestformanyyearsandmadegreatdiscoveries.”可知，她对动物感兴趣。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，古道尔梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。A.wasfondof喜欢；B.wastiredof对……感到厌倦；C.insistedon坚持；D.dreamedof梦想。根据下文中的“Thiswasquiteastrangedream”可知，古道尔梦想着去非洲和动物们在一起生活。故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她。A.encouraged鼓励；B.prevented阻止；C.advised建议；D.forced迫使，强迫。根据下文中的“Shetoldherthatifshereallywantedsomething,sheshouldworkhard,takeadvantageof________andnevergiveuplookingforaway.”可知，母亲鼓励她去追寻梦想。故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。A.knowledge知识；B.youth青年，青春；C.hope希望；D.chances机会。根据空前的“sheshouldworkhard,takeadvantageof”和空后的“andnevergiveuplookingforaway”可知，母亲鼓励她要努力、充分利用机会、不放弃。故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请古道尔去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。A.accepted接受；B.refused拒绝；C.received接收；D.considered考虑。根据下文中的“Withinafewmonthsofherarrival”可知，古道尔欣然接受了朋友的邀请。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月内，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·利基博士，他很快就认定古道尔是他要寻找的特别之人，开始对坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖畔的野生黑猩猩进行研究。A.only仅有的；B.last最后的；C.special特别的；D.first第一的。根据上文中的“Thiswasquiteastrangedreaminthosedays,asyounggirlsdidn’tthinkofhavingsuch“wild”actions.(那时，这是一个相当奇怪的梦，因为年轻女孩不会想到有这样的“狂野”行为)”可知，古道尔一直以来的梦想是和动物生活在一起，因此路易斯·利基博士认为她是特别的人。故选C。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.project项目，工程；B.study研究；C.centre中心；D.career职业生涯。根据下文中的“Inthebeginning,studyingthechimps”可知，此处表示对野生黑猩猩的研究。故选B。【30题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：动物们害怕地逃离她。A.insurprise惊奇地；B.inahurry匆忙地；C.asexpected不出所料；D.infear害怕地。根据下文中的“Graduallythechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence.(渐渐地，黑猩猩们习惯了她的存在)”可知，一开始由于不熟悉，黑猩猩因为害怕而逃走了。故选D。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地太过靠近黑猩猩。A.will意志；B.body身体；C.desire渴望；D.mind思考能力，思维方式。根据句中的“shesearchedtheforesteveryday”可知，虽然刚开始研究并不顺利，但是她坚持每天搜寻，说明她有着坚强的意志。故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具钓白蚁。A.nets网，网状物；B.tools工具；C.holes洞；D.spoons勺子。根据下文中的“thatmanwastheworld’sonlytoolmaker”可知，设空处对应的信息词是toolmaker，这里表示黑猩猩会制造并使用工具，tools符合语境。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一发现对当时普遍认为人类是世界上唯一的工具制造者的观点提出了质疑。A.doubt疑惑；B.light光；C.questions问题；D.beliefs信念。根据上文中的“sheobservedachimpmakingandusing________tofishfortermites(白蚁)”和空后的“onthepopularideaatthetimethatmanwastheworld’sonlytoolmaker”可知，古道尔发现黑猩猩会制造并使用工具，这与当时普遍认为的观点不符，所以是对当时的观点产生质疑。throwdoubton...是固定短语，意为“对……产生疑问”，符合语境。故选A。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：古道尔的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。A.close亲密的；B.similar相似的；C.friendly友好的；D.helpful有帮助的。根据上文中的“sheobservedachimpmakingandusing_______tofishfortermites(白蚁)”并结合常识可知，黑猩猩和人类都会制造和使用工具，这里指她发现黑猩猩与人类的相似之处。故选B。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，古道尔一直在世界各地演讲，以提高人们的环保意识。A.improvement改善；B.protection保护；C.pollution污染；D.destruction破坏。根据下文中的“Let’sliveinthenewagewithhope,respectforalllivingthings,understandingandlove(让我们怀着希望、尊重一切生物、理解和爱生活在新时代)”以及结合上下文，她研究的是动物，她演讲中呼吁大家尊重所有的生物（包括动物），同时结合常识判断，她通过自己的演讲来提升人们的环保意识。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。YuRong,aChineseartist,thinksofanewwaytointroduce___36___ancientstoryofHuaMulaninherpicturebook.Inthebook,IAmHuaMulan,shetellsthestoryby___37___(combine)paper-cuttingwithinternationalartisticstyles.SheplacesShaanxipaper-cutsoverwestern-stylepencilsketches(素描)___38___(create)atypicalpresentationofChineseelements(元素),whichturnsouttobea___39___(success)andimpressivebreakthrough.HuaMulan,___40___storyhasbeentoldbygenerationsinChina,isafighterfromtheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534).Asadevoteddaughter,shedressedherselfasamantoserveinthearmy___41___placeofherfather.Mulan’scharacteristics,suchascourage,kindnessandadisinterestedattitudetowardfameandfortune,made___42___(she)oneofthemostrespectedhistoricalChineseheroics.Mulan’sstoryhasbeenadapted___43___(frequent)inmodernmedia,includingTVshows,videogamesandliterature.Forexample,in1998,DisneyproducedafilmnamedMulan,which___44___(consider)agreatsuccessbycriticsandthepublic.Tobettertellthestory,YuRongtakesinspirationfromherseveral___45___(visit)tositesofancientbattlesandHenanProvince’sYujuOpera.Afteryearsofpreparationshefinallymadethisextraordinarywork.【答案】36.the37.combining38.tocreate39.successful40.whose41.in42.her43.frequently44.wasconsidered45.visits【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家郁蓉通过把剪纸和国际上流行的艺术形式结合在一起创作了有中国特色的图画书《我是花木兰》。【36题详析】考查冠词。句意：中国艺术家郁蓉在她的绘本中想出了一种新的方式来介绍花木兰的古老故事。根据后文定语“ofHuaMulan”可知，此处特指花木兰这个古老的故事，应用定冠词修饰名词story。故填the。【37题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在《我是花木兰》一书中，她以剪纸与国际艺术风格相结合的方式“讲述”了这个故事。介词by之后，应用提示词的动名词形式，作宾语。故填combining。【38题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造出一种中国元素的典型表现形式，她把山西剪纸放在西方风格的铅笔素描上，结果证明这是一个成功的，给人留下深刻印象的新突破。主句中已有谓语动词put，故空处应填非谓语动词，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填tocreate。【39题详析】考查形容词。句意：为了创造出一种中国元素的典型表现形式，她把山西剪纸放在西方风格的铅笔素描上，结果证明这是一个成功的，给人留下深刻印象的新突破。此处和形容词impressive并列作定语，修饰名词breakthrough，应用提示词的形容词形式。故填successful。【40题详析】考查定语从句。考查定语从句。句意：花木兰是一个来自北魏(386-534)的士兵，她的故事在中国代代相传。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词HuaMulan在从句中作story的定语，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。【41题详析】考查介词。句意：作为一个孝顺的女儿，她男扮女装替父从军。inplaceof“代替”是固定短语。故填in。【42题详析】考查代词。句意：花木兰的性格，诸如勇敢，善良以及淡泊名利，使她成为中国历史上最受尊重的女英雄之一。此处作宾语，应用she的宾格形式her。故填her。【43题详析】考查副词。句意：花木兰的故事经常被现代媒体改编，包括电视节目，电子游戏以及文学作品。此处修饰谓语动词hasbeenadapted，作状语，应用提示词的副词形式。故填frequently。【44题详析】考查时态和语态。句意：例如，1998年，迪斯尼制作的一部名为《木兰》的电影，当时被评论家和公众认为是一个巨大的成功。空处为从句谓语动词，主语which指代先行词f