河南南阳市2026届下学期高三年级二模考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南南阳市2026届下学期高三年级二模考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowaboutthelaptop?A.Theprice. B.Thebatterylife. C.Theserviceperiod.【答案】B【原文】W:I’minterestedinthislaptop.Couldyoutellmehowlongthebatterystayscharged?M:Itcanlastupto10hoursifyoumainlyuseitforwritingdocumentsordoingwordprocessing.2.Whatseemstobetheman’sproblem?A.Hefailedintheexam.B.Hehasasleepingdisorder.C.Hehasgotabadheadache.【答案】C【原文】M:Ihaveaterribleheadachethatwon’tgoaway.W:Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:No,Istayeduppreparingforanexamuntil2o’clockinthemorning.W:I’mafraidthiswasthecause.3.Howlongdoesthemanplantokeepthebook?A.Twoweeks. B.Fourweeks. C.Sixweeks.【答案】C【原文】M:HowlongcanIkeepthishistorybookfromthelibrary?W:Fourweeks,butyoucanrenewitonlinefortwomoreweeks.M:Perfect,Ineedthatlongtofinishmyschoolproject.4.Whatisthemandoing?A.Givingsuggestions.B.Makinghiscareerplan.C.Introducingjobpositions.【答案】A【原文】W:I’mreallyhesitantbetweenpursuinglawandarchitectureasmycareer.M:Whynotdosomepart-timejobsduringthesummervacationinalawfirmoraconstructioncompany?Inthatway,youcandecidewhichjobsuitsyoubetter.W:That’sagreatidea.I’lldothat.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Tipsonchoosingsuitabletoys.B.Thebanonsellingcarrotknifetoys.C.Themostpopulartoysinrecenttimes.【答案】B【原文】M:Haveyouheardthenews?Theschoolandlocalstoresarebanningthesaleof“carrotknife”toys.W:Why?Theylookfun.Theyaresopopularamongus.M:Yeah.They’relikelytohurtpeople,althoughtheyarejustmadeofplastic.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toadoptapet.B.Tofindapart-timejob.C.Toengageinvolunteerwork.7.Whatisthewoman?A.Astudent.B.Apetshopowner.C.Atourguide.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】W:Excuseme!I’dliketovolunteerhere.WhatwouldIdoasavolunteer?M:Great!Thereareseveraloptions.Youcanhelpfeedtheanimals,cleantheircages,andassistcustomerswithbasicpetcarequestions.Whatareyoumostinterestedin?W:Iprefertohelppeopleknowaboutpets.M:Good.Whendoyouusuallyhavetime?W:Weekendsaremyonlyfreetimetodosomethingmeaningfuloutsideofschool.Aretherespecifictimeperiodsforvolunteersthen?M:Sure.Weneedhelpfrom9:00a.m.to6:00p.m.onSaturdaysandSundays.W:OK.Thatworksperfectly.MyclassesendearlyonFridays,soI’llhaveplentyofenergybythen.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.WhichgradeisJiminnow?A.Grade2. B.Grade4. C.Grade5.9.Whatcanachildgetifhefinishes20books?A.Abook. B.Apen. C.Acertificate.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Husbandandwife. C.Brotherandsister.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【原文】M:Honey,IheardFortBendCountyLibrarieshavea“SummerReadingChallenge”forkids.Ourdaughtermightloveit.W:Really?Whatagegroupisitfor?M:Grade1toGrade5.MaryisinGrade2nowandJimistwogradesaboveher.Sothey’rebothqualified.W:Good.Howdotheyencouragethekidstoread?M:Theycanearnrewardsbyreadingbooks.Thingslikeabookmarkforreading5books,acertificatefor10.W:Thatsoundsgreat!Whatiftheyreadmorethanthat?M:Byreading15books,onecangetapen;forfivemorebooks,onecangetanewbook.Plus,theirnamesgoonacrayoncut-outatthelibrary.W:Let’ssignthemupthen!They’llbeexcited.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.HowdidLindareacttotheagent’swords?A.Angrily. B.Absent-mindedly. C.Favorably.12.WhydidLinda’scarstop?A.Itranoutofgas.B.Itsenginewasbroken.C.Itcrashedintosomething.13.HowdidthatJordaniancommunicatewithLinda?A.Byusingtranslationapps.B.Bydrawingapicture.C.Bybodylanguage.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthestory?A.Amusing. B.Touching. C.Frightening.【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.B【原文】M:Linda!Iheardyou’vejustgotbackfromJordan.Anyinterestingstories?W:Oh,definitely!Itwasquiteanadventure.IarrivedinJordanlateatnight,rentedacar,butdidn’treallylistenwhentheagentmentionedthegasstation.M:Thatsoundsabitrisky.Whathappenednext?W:Thenextday,Istarteda16-dayroadtrip.WhenIwasdrivingtowardsthedesertcastlesintheeast,Irealizedmyrentalcardidn’thaveafuelmeter.Ithoughtithadenoughgas,butthenmycarcouldn’tmoveinthemiddleofthedesert.M:Noway!Whatdidyoudo?W:Iwassoworried!ButakindJordanianstopped10minuteslater.Hedidn’tspeakEnglish,butheusedgesturestotellmemycarwasoutofgas.Thenhedrovemetothenearestgasstationandhelpedmepayforthegas.M:That’samazing!Didyoutrytopayhimback?W:Yes,butherefused.Hejustwantedaphotowithmeandasmile.M:Whataheartwarmingstory!听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。15.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atastudio.B.Atameetingroom.C.Inamarineresearchlab.16.Whatisthepurposeofthegovernment’snewplanning?A.Tocreatejobopportunities.B.Toimprovetheenvironment.C.Todrivelocaleconomicgrowth.17.Whatdoesthemanconsiderimportant?A.Prosperoustourism. B.Sustainabledevelopment. C.Untouchedmarineecosystems.【答案】15.A16.C17.B【原文】W:Hello,listeners!Welcomebacktoourenvironmentaltalkshow.I’myouroldfriendDaisySmith.Today,we’rejoinedbyDr.Green,anexpertonmarineecosystems.Thankssomuchforbeinghere,Dr.Green.CouldyoustartoffbytellingusaboutRasHankorabinEgypt?M:Thanksforhavingme,Daisy.RasHankorabisabeautifulbeachinsouthernEgypt,insideanationalpark.It’sknownforitsclearwater,whitesand,andrichwildlife,likeseaturtlesandspecialcoralreefs.W:Soundsamazing!ButI’veheardthere’ssomedebatearounditlately.What’sgoingon?M:Right.Thegovernmentplanstobuildtouristfacilitiesthere,likehuts,arestaurant,andafarm,todevelopthelocaleconomy.Butconservationistsarguethatit’soneofEgypt’slastuntouchedmarineecosystems.Buildingthesemightdamagenature.W:Isee.Whatdolocalpeoplethinkaboutthis?M:They’reagainstittoo.Alotofthemfeelignoredinthedecision-makingprocess.W:So,what’syouropinion?M:Weneedtocarryoutscientificplanningandadoptsustainabledevelopmentmodels.Thiscanhelpachieveawin-winsituationforbothsides.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhenwilltheeventtakeplaceonMay3rd?A.Atnoon. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.19.Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureoftheevent?A.Itissuitableforpeoplewithspecialneeds.B.Itrequiresparticipantstopayafeeinadvance.C.ItfocusesonartexhibitionsintheEuropegalleries.20.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.DescribetheworkofStepChangeStudios.B.PresenttheFordEducationCenter.C.Promoteaneventatthemuseum.【答案】18.C19.A20.C【原文】M:Dearvisitors,I’mexcitedtotellyouaboutaspecialeventatourmuseum.AfterthemuseumclosestothepubliconMay3rd,selectedareasincludingRooms33,33a,67,92-95andtheFordEducationCenterwillstayopenfortwohoursafter6:00pm.You’llhavethechancetoexploretheamazingAsiagallerieswhilejoiningBollywooddanceworkshopsandwatchingperformancesbyaward-winningStepChangeStudios.There’llbeawonderfulBollywooddanceshowbystudentsinRoom33,andfunworkshopsforthewholefamilyintheGreatCourt.Thiseventisperfectforfamilieswithkids,aswellasadultswhoarelearningdisabled,orhavementalhealthconditions.Pleasenotetheeventissuitableforchildrenaged5-15,andallchildrenmustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.Remember,it’sfree,butadvancebookingisrequired.PleasemeetatthemainentranceonGreatRussellStreet.Welookforwardtoseeingyouthere.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANationalScienceBowl®:AGatewaytoSTEMExcellenceCreatedin1991,theNationalScienceBowl®(NSB)hasgrownintooneofthenation’slargestsciencecompetitions.Designedtochallengemiddleandhighschoolstudentsacrossarangeofsciencedisciplines,itaimstoinspireyoungmindstopursuecareersinscience.Withover350,000participantstakingpartoverits35-yearhistory,thecompetitioncontinuestoattractthousandsofstudentseachyear.WhatsetstheNSBapartisitsfast-pacedquestion-and-answerformat,testingnotonlyknowledgebutalsoquickthinkingunderpressure.Eachyear,studentscompeteinregionaltournamentsheldacrossthecountry,withwinnersadvancingtothenationalfinalsinWashington,D.C.The37thRegionalTournamenttookplaceonMarch6-7,2026,with13teamscompetingforthesolespotinthenationalfinals.Followingthepreliminaryandfinalrounds,thechampionteamearnedanall-expenses-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.tojointhe2026NationalScienceBowlFinals.Thetablebelowoutlineskeydetailsforthe2026NationalFinals:Category2026DetailsNationalFinalsDatesApril30–May4NationalFinalsLocationWashington,D.C.TeamComposition4students+1alternate+1teachercoachRegionalTournaments65highschools+50middleschoolsnationwideSubjectsbiology,chemistry,earthscience,physics,energy,mathematicsNationalTop16Prizecashprizesforschools’sciencedepartments21.Whomighttakepartinthecompetition?A.Anadultdevotedtochemistry. B.Ateenagerbrilliantatscience.C.Akidinterestedintechnology. D.Agraduateexpertateconomics.22.WhatmakesNSBspecial?A.Fastquestion-answerunderpressure. B.Thegenerousprizeforwinningteams.C.Participationbyupto15,000students. D.Thetestofdiverseknowledgeandskills.23.Whatprizewillthetop16teamsget?A.Chancetopursuecareersinscience. B.Scholarshipforeveryteammember.C.Moneyforschoolsciencedepartments. D.Aself-fundedtriptoWashington,D.C.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【语篇解读】主要说明了美国国家科学碗创办于1991年，面向中学生，以快节奏答题为特色，经地区赛晋级全国总决赛，2026年总决赛在华盛顿举办，优胜队伍可获理科部门资金奖励。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Designedtochallengemiddleandhighschoolstudentsacrossarangeofsciencedisciplines,itaimstoinspireyoungmindstopursuecareersinscience.(该活动旨在针对中学生和高中生展开，涵盖多个科学领域，旨在激发年轻一代对科学事业的追求)”可知，一位在科学方面极具天赋的青少年可能会参加这次比赛。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatsetstheNSBapartisitsfast-pacedquestion-and-answerformat,testingnotonlyknowledgebutalsoquickthinkingunderpressure.(NSB的独特之处在于其紧凑快速的问答形式，这种形式不仅考查知识，还考验在压力下迅速做出反应的能力)”可知，NSB的独特之处在于要在高压环境下的快速问答。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中“NationalTop16Prizecashprizesforschools’sciencedepartments(全国十六强奖为学校科学部门提供的现金奖励)”可知，前16支队伍将获得用于学校科学部门的资金。BJacquesRichter,ateacheratNorthwoodSchool,waschattingwithaparentwhenthemommentionedthreeoldbikessittingdisusedandthatherkidshadoutgrownthem.Itallstartedwiththatthrowawayline.Richterfeltasuddenidea.“Whatifwefixthemupandpassthemon?”Itwas2024,Northwood’s75thanniversary,andRichterwantedtodosomethingmeaningful.Whenhebroughttheideatohiscyclingteam,itlandedinfertileground.Allteammemberslovedtheproposalandranwithit.“Let’sgofor75,”onestudentsuggested.“Oneforeachyear.”Andsothe“75Bikes”projectwasborn.Wordspread.Oldbikesstartedshowingup,looseframes,missingwheelsandflattires.Thestudentsdidn’tseejunk.Theysawchallenges.EveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon,theworkshopwasfulloflife.Toolsmadenoise.Theymademistakesandbikeshadtobetakenapartmorethanonce.Theywerenotprofessionalmechanics.Buteffortspaidoff.Bitbybit,thepileofbrokenbikesthinnedout,andtherowofshiny,rideablebikesgrew.ThentheyknewKeletso,ayoungmanworkingatalocalsupermarket.Hisonlywaytherewasanoldbikewithoutbrakes(刹车).Thestudentspickedouttheirbestrepair,asolidbluebikewithsmoothgearsandstrongbrakes.Whentheyhandeditover,Keletso’sfacebrokeintoawidesmile.Atthatmoment,thestudentsunderstoodsomethingnoclassroomcouldteach.Abikeisn’tjustabike.ForsomeonelikeKeletso,it’sfreedom.Byyear’send,theyhaddonatedover25bikes,stillshortof75,buttheyweren’tstopping.“Wesetouttogiveawaybicycles,”Richtersaid.“Whatwegotbackwassomuchmore.”24.Whatinspiredtheinitialideaof“75Bikes”project?A.Acasualchat. B.Ateamdiscussion.C.Acarefulplan. D.Astudent’sdream.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“landedinfertileground”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Gotquicklyforgotten. B.Receivedstrongsupport.C.Causedaheateddebate. D.Neededrepeatedchecking.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudents’bikerepairprocess?A.Effortsbridgetheskillgap. B.Studentsarebornmechanics.C.Repairingisbeyondstudents. D.Professionalguidancematters.27.Whatdoesthestoryshow?A.Opportunityknocksbutonce.B.Wellbegunishalfdone.C.Givingisbetterthanreceiving.D.It’snevertoolatetolearn.【答案】24.A25.B26.A27.C【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是北伍德学校教师JacquesRichter受家长提及的三辆闲置旧自行车启发，在学校75周年校庆之际，与自行车队学生共同发起“75辆自行车”项目。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“JacquesRichter,ateacheratNorthwoodSchool,waschattingwithaparentwhenthemommentionedthreeoldbikessittingdisusedandthatherkidshadoutgrownthem.Itallstartedwiththatthrowawayline.Richterfeltasuddenidea.“Whatifwefixthemupandpassthemon?”(北伍德学校的教师JacquesRichter正与一位家长交谈时，那位母亲提到家里有三辆闲置的旧自行车——孩子们已经长大，用不上了。正是这句无心之言，点燃了Richter的灵感。“我们何不把它们修好，转赠给需要的人呢？”)”可知，“75辆自行车”项目的最初构想是受到一次随意的交谈启发的。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Allteammemberslovedtheproposalandranwithit.“Let’sgofor75,”onestudentsuggested.“Oneforeachyear.”Andsothe“75Bikes”projectwasborn.(所有队员都喜爱这个提议，并立即行动起来。“咱们就定75辆吧，”一名学生提议道，“每年一辆。”于是，“75辆自行车”项目诞生了。)”可知，当他提出这个想法的时候得到了很多人的支持，landedinfertileground的意思是“得到强烈的支持”，和Receivedstrongsupport意思相近。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theywerenotprofessionalmechanics.Buteffortspaidoff.Bitbybit,thepileofbrokenbikesthinnedout,andtherowofshiny,rideablebikesgrew.(他们并非专业机械师，但他们的努力有了回报。渐渐地，那堆破旧自行车的数量减少了，而一排闪亮、可骑行的自行车则越来越多。)”可知，从学生们进行自行车修理的过程当中，可以推断出努力缩小了技能差距。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Byyear’send,theyhaddonatedover25bikes,stillshortof75,buttheyweren’tstopping.“Wesetouttogiveawaybicycles,”Richtersaid.“Whatwegotbackwassomuchmore.”(到年底时，他们已经捐赠了25多辆自行车，离75辆的目标还有差距，但他们并未就此止步。“我们原本只是打算赠送自行车，”Richter说，“但我们得到的回报却远不止于此。”)”可知，他们在捐赠自行车的过程中收获的更多，因此这个故事说明了给予比接受更好。CInavillageintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(刚果金),MarieMbenzaalwaysgoestoherfieldatdaybreak,tendingherhalf-acreplot.Butgettingherharvesttomarketisasunpredictableastheweather.Sometimeshertomatoesgobadbeforetheyreachtown,adailyrealityforsmall-scalefarmers.Theglobalfoodsystemsaremorefragile(脆弱的)thanmanyrealize.Marieisoneofthefarmerslivingthroughaquietfoodcrisis.Amajorreport,theResilientFoodSystemsIndex(粮食系统韧性指数)fromEconomistImpact,firstpublishedinMarch2026,putsnumberstoherstruggle.Theindexranks60countriesonhowwelltheycanhandleshocks:extremeweather,suddenpriceincreasesandsupplychainbreakdowns.Thefindingsrevealadeeplydividedworld.Marie’scountrycomeslast,scoring34.86outof100,whilePortugalranksfirst.Thereisabouta42-pointgapbetweentheweakestfoodsystemandthestrongest.Nearlyhalfofallcountriesfallintoa“middlezone”.Notcollapsing,butfarfromsecure.FormillionslikeMarie,whatendsuponthedinnerplatedependsonforcesfarbeyondtheircontrol.Oneofthebiggestproblemsinthefoodsystemisinfrastructure(基础设施).Theglobalscorefortransportationanddeliverysystemswasjust56.8.Thismattersbecausewhenroadsarebadandstorageispoor,foodgetslost.Worldwide,13.2%offoodneverreachesstoreshelves.Climaterisksmakethingsworse.Theabilitytorespondtoclimateshocksscoredjust56.4.Whileresearchintoclimate-friendlyfarmingscoredrelativelywell,theabilitytoactuallyhelpfarmersputthatresearchintopracticeaveragedonly34.Foodpriceshaverisenfastestinlow-incomecountries,up23.1%overthepastfiveyears.Thereportpointstoapathforwardtoclosedividesacrosstheworldplate:betterinfrastructure,climateaction,andmakingnutritiousfoodaffordable.Weknowwhatworks.Butthequestioniswhethertheworldcanmovefastenoughtofilltheplate.28.WhydoestheauthorbeginwithMarieMbenza’sstory?A.Toprovethechangeableweather.B.Tomakefoodcrisiseasytofeel.C.Toshowsmallfarmsareunreliable.D.Tointroduceastrugglingfarmer.29.WhatisPortugal’smostlikelyscoreontheResilientFoodSystemsIndex?A.34.86. B.56.4. C.56.8. D.76.83.30.Whatcanweknowaboutclimate-friendlyfarmingresearch?A.Itscoreswellbutreacheslimitedfarmers.B.Ithasbeenoverlookedbythereport.C.Itisthemaincauseoffoodpriceincreases.D.Itiswidelyappliedinpoorcountries.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheCrisisofClimate B.AGuidetoGreenFarmingC.AFarmer’sConfusion D.TheWorld’sDividedPlate【答案】28.B29.D30.A31.D【语篇解读】这篇文章主要介绍了以刚果农民玛丽的困境为例，通过2026年粮食系统韧性指数报告，揭示全球粮食系统脆弱且差距悬殊，并指明了可行的改善方向。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“InavillageintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(刚果金),MarieMbenzaalwaysgoestoherfieldatdaybreak,tendingherhalf-acreplot.Butgettingherharvesttomarketisasunpredictableastheweather.Sometimeshertomatoesgobadbeforetheyreachtown,adailyrealityforsmall-scalefarmers.Theglobalfoodsystemsaremorefragile(脆弱的)thanmanyrealize.(在刚果民主共和国的一个村庄里，玛丽·姆贝扎总是天一亮就去她的农田劳作，照料着她那半英亩大小的农田。但她的农产品运往市场的过程却如同天气一样难以预测。有时她的西红柿在到达城镇之前就已经腐烂了，这是小规模农户每天都要面对的现实。全球的粮食系统比许多人所意识到的还要脆弱。)”可知，作者以玛丽·姆贝扎的故事开篇，随后引出“全球粮食系统比许多人意识到的更脆弱”以及“一场无声的粮食危机”这一核心主题，其目的是为了让人更容易感受到粮食危机。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Marie’scountrycomeslast,scoring34.86outof100,whilePortugalranksfirst.Thereisabouta42-pointgapbetweentheweakestfoodsystemandthestrongest.Nearlyhalfofallcountriesfallintoa“middlezone”.Notcollapsing,butfarfromsecure.(玛丽所在的国家排名垫底，得分为34.86分（满分100分），而葡萄牙则位居榜首。最差的食品体系与最好的体系之间存在约42分的差距。几乎一半的国家都处于“中间地带”——既没有崩溃，但也远未达到安全状态。)”可知，参照原文数据计算，排名第一的葡萄牙得分约为34.86+42=76.86，选项D（76.83）与计算结果最为接近。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whileresearchintoclimate-friendlyfarmingscoredrelativelywell,theabilitytoactuallyhelpfarmersputthatresearchintopracticeaveragedonly34.(虽然对气候友好型农业的研究表现相对较好，但实际帮助农民将这些研究成果付诸实践的能力平均仅为34%。)”可知，气候友好型农业研究本身得分较高，但将研究成果转化为农民实际应用的能力却非常低（仅34分），这意味着研究成果惠及的农民非常有限。【31题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章核心围绕“全球粮食系统存在巨大差距”展开：一方面是排名第一的葡萄牙，另一方面是排名最后的刚果（金），近一半国家处于“中间地带”，既不崩溃也不安全。标题中的“Divided”（分裂的）精准概括了这一核心矛盾，“Plate”（餐盘）则形象地代指粮食系统，既贴切又有深度。由此可知，D选项TheWorld’sDividedPlate“世界分裂的餐盘”适合作为文章的标题。DForyears,biologistshavewonderedwhymanywateranimalsswiminshortbursts,whicharesudden,energeticmovementsthatlastonlyamoment,followedbylongpauses(停顿).Thecommonexplanationisthatsuchpausesallowtheanimalstoglide(滑行),reducingdragandsavingenergy.Butisitthecase?ResearchersatEPFLinSwitzerlandbuiltZBot,arobotfishthatperfectlycopiestheshape,movement,andswimmingstyleofayoungzebrafish(斑马鱼).Thentheyranexperiments.TheymadeZBotswimwithoutstoppinginsometests,andinburst-and-glidepatternsinothers.Theymeasuredeverything.Theresultssurprisedthem.Glidingdidsaveenergy,butnotforthereasontheyhadexpected.Whentherobotswaminbursts,itsmotorworkedharderforshortperiodsandthenshutoffcompletelyduringglides.Whenswimmingwithoutstopping,themotorranallthetimeatmediumpower.Themotor,itturnedout,wasmoreefficientwhenworkinginshort,strongbursts.Theresearcherscalledthis“actuatorefficiency”.Itindicateshowwellamotorturnsenergyintousefulwork.Thediscoverymattersfarbeyondzebrafish.Electricmotors,suchasthoseinfactoryrobots,drones,orelectriccars,facethesamechallenge.Mostarebuilttorunallthetimeatsteadyspeeds.ButZBotsuggeststhatstartingandstopping,iftimedright,couldmakebatterieslastlongeranduselessenergyinmanydifferentmachines.“Thisisn’tjustaboutfish,”oneresearchersaid.“It’saboutrethinkinghowwebuildmachinesthatmove.”Thereareproblems,ofcourse.Therobotissmall,anditsmovementsaresimple.Makingitbiggerwilltaketime.Buttheideathatstartingandstoppingcansometimesworkbetterthanrunningallthetimechallengesalong-heldbeliefinengineering.Whatlookslikeawasteinnature,likeallthosepausesinswimming,oftenturnsouttobewisdomwehaven’tyetlearnedtounderstand.32.WhydidresearchersbuildZBot?A.Tocreateanewrobotictool. B.Tocatchtherealzebrafish.C.Tocopytheshapeofzebrafish. D.Totestanideaonswimming.33.WhatdidtheresearchersfindoutaboutthemotorofZBot?A.Itcontinuedworkingduringglides. B.Itworkedbetterinshort,strongbursts.C.Itbrokedownwhenrunningnon-stop. D.Itfailedtoturnenergyintousefulwork.34.Whatismentionedabouttheexperimentinparagraph5?A.Itsprocess. B.Itsapplication. C.Itslimitations. D.Itsprinciples.35.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustrateinthelastparagraph?A.Naturehaslessonswehavemissed. B.Nature’swisdomisunderstandable.C.Naturewastesenergyinmanyways. D.Nature’sdesignsarefarfromperfect.【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.A【语篇解读】文章主要说明了科学家研制机器鱼探究水生动物间歇游动的原因，发现短时间歇运转更节能。该结论可优化各类电机设备，也启示人们自然中藏有未被发现的智慧。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Foryears,biologistshavewonderedwhymanywateranimalsswiminshortbursts,whicharesudden,energeticmovementsthatlastonlyamoment,followedbylongpauses(停顿).Thecommonexplanationisthatsuchpausesallowtheanimalstoglide(滑行),reducingdragandsavingenergy.Butisitthecase?(多年来，生物学家一直对许多水生动物短时间快速游动的原因感到困惑。这种游动方式是突然且充满活力的，持续时间很短，随后便是长时间的停顿。通常的解释是，这种停顿能让动物滑行，从而减少阻力并节省能量。但事实果真如此吗？)”可知，研究人员构建ZBot是为了测试关于游泳的某个想法。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Themotor,itturnedout,wasmoreefficientwhenworkinginshort,strongbursts.(结果发现，该电动机在进行短时间高强度工作时效率更高)”可知，ZBot的电机效果在短促而强烈的爆发中表现得更为显著。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thereareproblems,ofcourse.Therobotissmall,anditsmovementsaresimple.Makingitbiggerwilltaketime.Buttheideathatstartingandstoppingcansometimesworkbetterthanrunningallthetimechallengesalong-heldbeliefinengineering.(当然，这其中也存在一些问题。这个机器人体积较小，动作也较为简单。要将其做大需要一定时间。但这种观点——即有时停止和启动的效果可能比一直运行更好——挑战了工程领域长期以来的固有观念)”可知，第五段中提到了关于该实验的局限性。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatlookslikeawasteinnature,likeallthosepausesinswimming,oftenturnsouttobewisdomwehaven’tyetlearnedtounderstand.(在自然界中看似无用的现象，比如游泳时的那些停顿动作，往往其实蕴含着我们尚未领悟的智慧)”可知，作者在最后一段想要表达的是自然界存在着我们未曾领悟的奥秘。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Evernoticehowyoufeeldifferentafterawalkinthewoods?Notjustpleasantlytiredafterexercise,butclearerandlighter.It’slikeyourmindfinallytakesadeepbreath.____36____Scientistshavebeenstudyingthisforyears,andthey’vefoundthatnaturedoessomethingscreenscan’t.Whenyou’reonatrail,yourbrainshiftsintoadifferentmode.Thebrainpart,whichhandlesconstantthinkingandworrying,getsabreak.____37____Youstopgoingoverconversationsinyourhead.Youstopplanningyourto-dolist.Youjustwalk.Psychologistscallthis“softfascination”.Thecity,filledwithflashingscreensandsuddennoises,demandsyourattentioninsharpways.Thetrailasksforjustenoughtokeepyoumoving.Nottoomuch,justenough.Arockinthepath.____38____Thewaysunlightshinesthroughthetreeleaves.Nothingurgent.Justenough.____39____Onefootinfrontoftheother.Breathein,breatheout.Yourbodyknowsit.Yourthoughtsstopracing.Problemsthatfelthugeatyourdeskstarttolooksmaller.You’renotsolvinganything,exactly.You’rejustlettingyourmindbreathe.Thebestpart?____40____Studiesshowthattwentyminutesinaparkoronaquiettrailisenoughtolowerstressandimprovefocus.Sowhentheweatherturnsandyoufeelthatpulltoheadoutside,trustit.Putonshoes,findatrailandletthewoodsdowhatthey’vealwaysdone.A.Thereisareasonwhyyoufeelthisgood.B.Walkingitselfbringsanatural,calmingrhythm.C.Herearesomesimpletipstohelpyougetstarted.D.Youdon’thavetowalklongtogettherealbenefit.E.Abirdliftingoffabranchwithoutmakingasound.F.Yourbrainjustcalmsdownwithoutyoueventrying.G.Acarjustzoomingawaybesideyouonabusystreet.【答案】36.A37.F38.E39.B40.D【语篇解读】主要说明了林间散步能舒缓大脑、平复思绪，自然会带来温和吸引力。步行节奏缓解压力，无需久走，短时亲近自然便可放松身心、提升专注力。【36题详析】根据上文“Evernoticehowyoufeeldifferentafterawalkinthewoods?Notjustpleasantlytiredafterexercise,butclearerandlighter.It’slikeyourmindfinallytakesadeepbreath.(你有没有注意到，在森林里散步之后，自己会有不一样的感觉？不只是运动后那种愉悦的疲惫感，而是更加清醒、轻松自在。就好像你的大脑终于得到了一次深呼吸)”可知，前文描写林间散步后身心舒畅的感受，A选项“这种愉悦的感受是有原因的”承接上文，引出下文科学研究，过渡自然。【37题详析】根据上文“Scientistshavebeenstudyingthisforyears,andthey’vefoundthatnaturedoessomethingscreenscan’t.Whenyou’reonatrail,yourbrainshiftsintoadifferentmode.Thebrainpart,whichhandlesconstantthinkingandworrying,getsabreak.(科学家们多年来一直在对此进行研究，他们发现大自然具备屏幕所不具备的某种能力。当你在山间小道上行走时，你的大脑会进入一种不同的状态。负责持续思考和忧虑的大脑区域会得到短暂的休息)”可知，前文表示负责焦虑、胡思乱想的大脑区域得以放松，F选项“你的大脑会不自觉地平静下来”承接，呼应后文不再回想琐事、不再罗列待办清单。【38题详析】根据上文“Psychologistscallthis“softfascination”.Thecity,filledwithflashingscreensandsuddennoises,demandsyourattentioninsharpways.Thetrailasksforjustenoughtokeepyoumoving.Nottoomuch,justenough.Arockinthepath.(心理学家将这种现象称为“温和的吸引力”。这座城市布满了闪烁的屏幕和突然出现的声响，以强烈的方式吸引着你的注意力。这条小径所设置的障碍恰到好处地促使你不断前行。不过多，但也并非太少。路上的一块石头)”以及后文“Thewaysunlightshinesthroughthetreeleaves.Nothingurgent.Justenough.(阳光透过树叶洒下的样子。无需太过刻意。恰到好处即可)”可知，前后是一系列自然小景象的并列举例：路上的石头、___、树叶间的阳光，E选项“一只鸟儿无声地离开枝头”属于静谧的自然画面，句式和语境完全匹配。【39题详析】根据后文“Onefootinfrontoftheother.Breathein,breatheout.Yourbodyknowsit.Yourthoughtsstopracing.Problemsthatfelthugeatyourdeskstarttolooksmaller.You’renotsolvinganything,exactly.You’rejustlettingyourmindbreathe.(一只脚跟着另一只脚。吸气，呼气。你的身体知道该怎么做。你的思绪不再纷乱。原本在办公桌前觉得无比巨大的问题开始显得不那么严重了。你并没有真正解决什么问题，只是让自己的思绪得以放松)”可知，后文描述迈步、呼吸、思绪放缓，B选项“行走本身自带舒缓的自然节奏”统领本段内容，贴合语境。【40题详析】根据后文“Studiesshowthattwentyminutesinaparkoronaquiettrailisenoughtolowerstressandimprovefocus.Sowhentheweatherturnsandyoufeelthatpulltoheadoutsid