湖南长沙市2026届全仿真模拟考试模拟卷一英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南长沙市2026届全仿真模拟考试模拟卷一英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInfluentialArtSheilaMetzner:FromLifeThisexhibitioncelebratestheartisticskilloftheinternationallyrespectedAmericanphotographerSheilaMetzner.HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.WilliamBlake:VisionaryAremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,WilliamBlake(1757—1827)developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.Thismajorinternationalloanexhibitionexplorestheartist-poet’simaginativeworldthroughhismostcelebratedworks.AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928—1978)AlfredoBoultonwasoneofthemostimportantintellectualsofthe20thcenturyinLatinAmericaandaninfluentialphotographerofthemodernperiod.Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton’swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithmodernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollectionAcclaimedasthemostimportant20th-centuryphotographer,EugèneAtgettooknewartisticground.Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedtheoldParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.Thisfocusedexhibitionfeatureshighlightsfromtheartist’swork,whichcontinuestoinfluencequiteafewphotographerstoday.1.WhatdidSheilaMetznerandAlfredoBoultonhaveincommon?A.TheyphotographedAmericanlife.B.Theyexploredculturaldiversity.C.Theyshapedartisticexpression.D.Theyfocusedonmodernphotography.2.WhatisEugèneAtget’sphotographymainlyabout?A.Urbanstreetscenes. B.Naturallandscapes.C.Architecturaldesigns. D.Frenchfashions.3.Whichartist’sexhibitionissuitableforwhoeverstudieswordsandimages?A.EugèneAtget. B.SheilaMetzner.C.AlfredoBoulton. D.WilliamBlake.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了四位艺术家及其相关艺术展览的风格、作品特色与艺术影响力。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“SheilaMetzner:FromLife”部分中的“HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.(她独特的风格融合了画意摄影和现代主义的元素，创造出一种美感，不仅在摄影史上独树一帜，而且与20世纪80年代最优秀的时尚、美妆和装饰艺术潮流紧密相连。)”可知，SheilaMetzner塑造了特定的美学表达；根据“AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928—1978)”部分中的“Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.(通过他的大量作品，Boulton为委内瑞拉生成了一种新的文化定义。)”可知，AlfredoBoulton通过作品塑造了对文化的艺术表达。因此，SheilaMetzner和AlfredoBoulton二人的共同之处是都在各自领域塑造了艺术表达风格。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollection”部分中的“Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedtheoldParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.(他在黎明时分带着沉重的相机行走，拍摄旧巴黎及其周边地区，聚焦于古老的巷弄、店面、建筑细节、楼梯和街头商贩。)”可知，EugèneAtget的摄影主要集中在巴黎的城市街景及相关场景。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“WilliamBlake:Visionary”部分中的“Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.(通过独特的绘画技巧将他的诗歌与画面结合在同一页上，Blake创作出了英国艺术中最引人注目且持久的意象。)”可知，WilliamBlake的作品将文字（诗歌）与图像紧密结合，因此最适合研究文字与图像结合的人参观展览。BAsaChineseinkpaintingartist,Ideeplyrespecttraditionwhileactivelyexploringnewpossibilities.My“inksculpture”conceptgoesbeyondtheuniversal—itaimstotransforminkartintoamultidimensionallanguagethatbridgescultures.Myartisticjourneybeganwithadoublefoundation.ThoughformallytrainedinChineseinkpainting,myearlystudiesinWesternsketchingandoilpaintingprovidedastrongtechnicalgrounding.ThisblendofEasternandWesterninfluencesshapedmyuniquestyle,balancingrealismandabstraction,andreinforcedmybeliefthat“inkpaintingisnotjustamediumbutaculturalessence”—aphilosophythatinspiredmy“inksculpture”concept.Inmyearlywork,Ifocusedontraditionalthemeslikethe“FourGentlemen”(plumblossom,orchid,bamboo,andchrysanthemum),whichsymbolizevirtuessuchasresilience,grace,humility,andintegrityintheChineseliterati’sculture.Thesesubjectsbecameabridgebetweenhistoricaltraditionandcontemporaryexpression,enablingmetoreinterpretclassicalsubjectswithamodernsensibility.The“inksculpture”conceptmergesEasternandWesterntechniques.Itcombinesthe“bonemethod”ofChinesebrushworkwithWesternapproachestotheform,light,andshadow.Thiscombinationrepresentsacarefulbalance,preservingculturalidentitywhileengaginginglobalartisticdialog.Byredefiningink’smaterialityandspatialpresence,Iexpanditsexpressivepotentialbeyondtheflatsurfaceofpaper.Mypracticereimaginesinkpaintinginamoderncontext,honoringitslegacywhilepushingboundaries.Forexample,LongmaJingshenisdrawnfromXuBeihong’sGallopingHorse,yetthehorse’smane—inspiredbyBadaShanren’sminimaliststrokes—isrecreatedusing3Dprintedfragmentstoachievea“flyingwhite”effect,acalligraphictechniquesuggestingmotion.Thevalueoftheseworksperhapsneedstobeassessedfromabroaderperspectiveofarthistory.Itliesinthecreativetransformationof“breakingapartwithintraditionandrebirth,throughfracturing,”whichprovidesanimportantmodelforthecontemporarynarrativeofEasternaesthetics.4.Whathelpedtheauthorlaythegroundworkforhisskill?A.Sculptureandcalligraphy.B.Digitalmediaandperformanceart.C.Westernsketchingandoilpainting.D.Traditionalinkwashandabstracttheory.5.Whydidtheauthorfocusonthe“FourGentlemen”?A.Tocombineancientcultureandmodernreinterpretation.B.ToattractmoreWesternaudiencestoChineseart.C.Todemonstratethediversityofinkpaintingsubjects.D.Toexplaintraditionaltechniquesofinkpainting.6.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’s“inksculpture”conceptaccordingtoparagraphs4and5?A.Itprioritizestechnicaleaseoverartisticvalue.B.Itabandonstraditionalinktechniquescompletely.C.Itgainsinstantrecognitionfromtraditionalists.D.Itinnovateswhilerespectinginktraditions.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.East-WestMagic:TheTransformationofArtB.InkMeetsDimensions:TheRebirthofTraditionC.TraditionalLimits:TheFixedWayofPaintingD.BrokenElegance:The3DLanguageofInk【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【语篇解读】本文作者以中国水墨画艺术家的身份，介绍了自己的“水墨雕塑”理念——在尊重传统的基础上融合中西技法，将水墨艺术拓展为多维的跨文化语言。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThoughformallytrainedinChineseinkpainting,myearlystudiesinWesternsketchingandoilpaintingprovidedastrongtechnicalgrounding.(虽然我接受了正式的中国水墨画训练，但我早期对西方素描和油画的学习为我打下了坚实的技术基础。)”可知，作者早期学习的西方素描和油画帮助作者奠定了技能基础。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesesubjectsbecameabridgebetweenhistoricaltraditionandcontemporaryexpression,enablingmetoreinterpretclassicalsubjectswithamodernsensibility.(这些题材成为了历史传统与当代表达之间的桥梁，使我能够以现代感知重新诠释古典主题。)”可知，作者聚焦“四君子”是为了将古老文化与现代新诠释相结合。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thiscombinationrepresentsacarefulbalance,preservingculturalidentitywhileengaginginglobalartisticdialog.(这种结合代表了一种谨慎的平衡，在保留文化认同的同时参与全球艺术对话。)”以及第五段中“Forexample,

LongmaJingshen

isdrawnfromXuBeihong’s

GallopingHorse,yetthehorse’smane—inspiredbyBadaShanren’sminimaliststrokes—isrecreatedusing3Dprintedfragmentstoachievea“flyingwhite”effect,acalligraphictechniquesuggestingmotion.(例如，《龙马精神》取材于徐悲鸿的《奔马图》，但马鬃部分——受八大山人简约笔触的启发——却采用3D打印碎片重新呈现，以营造出“飞白”效果，这是一种能表现动势的书法技法。)”举出的《龙马精神》例子（既取材于徐悲鸿的《奔马》，又用3D打印碎片重现八大山人的笔法效果）可以看出，作者的“水墨雕塑”概念是在尊重传统笔墨精神的前提下进行技术创新。由此可推断，该概念是在尊重传统的同时进行创新。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章核心在于作者通过“水墨雕塑”概念，打破传统水墨在纸面上的平面限制，赋予其多维度的空间表达，实现了传统在现代语境下的重生。B选项“InkMeetsDimensions:TheRebirthofTradition(当水墨遇见维度：传统的重生)”最能概括这一主旨。CTherearesomesoundsmostofusacknowledgeareannoying—thecrunchingofcrisps,thenoiseofanairconditionerorascreamingbaby.Thesenoises,formanypeople,actasamereinconveniencethatcandistractusfromthetaskathand.However,therearesomeamonguswhohaveamuchmoresevereresponsetothesenoises.Thequestionweasktodayis:Hasanoiseevermadeyoufeelsoangrythatyoucouldexplodewithrage?Iftheanswerisyes,youmaybesufferingfrommisophonia.Theword“misophonia”literallymeans“ahatredofsound”andissometimescalledselectivesoundsensitivitysyndrome.Therearesomeexpertswhodoubttheexistenceofthecondition.However,forthosewhoclaimtosufferfromit,theexperiencecanbetraumatic.Certainsoundscauseintenseemotionalorpsychologicalresponsesthatmayseemoverthetopcomparedtoanon-sufferer’scomplaints.Thesoundofalovedonechewingtheirfoodcouldtriggerasufferer’sanxietylevels,orcausethemtopanic.Itmayevenactivatetheirfight-or-flightresponse,makingthemwanttoflee.Inextremecases,thatfeelingofpanicmayresultinextremeangerandendupwithsufferersgoingcrazy.Asaresult,theseconditionscanleadtosocialisolation,andsufferersmayfeelcutoff,accordingtoJamesCartreine,aclinicalpsychiatrist.Sadly,there’snoknowncure.However,TinnitusRetrainingTherapy,whichhelpspeopletoleratenoises,mayaidsufferers,whilecognitivebehaviouraltherapyandcounsellingcouldalsohelppeoplemanagethecondition.Sufferersusecopingstrategiesthatincludeavoidingplaceswithlotsofnoises,likerestaurants,ormovingawaywhentheyfeellikehittingsomeoneduetotheirbreathing.So,thenexttimeyouseesomeoneflyintoaragebecauseofasoundthatisdrivingthemcrazy,itmaybeduetoadifficultconditiontheyaretryingtomanage,andnotjustbecausetheyhateacertainsound.8.Whatcanannoyingsoundsdotonon-sufferersofmisophonia?A.Theyleadtosomecomplaintsandanexplosionofanger.B.Theygenerateintenseemotionalresponsesamongthem.C.Theymakethemdoubtthepresenceofmisophonia.D.Theydrawtheirattentionawayfromwhatthey’redoing.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traumatic”inparagraph2mean?A.Physicallypainful. B.Spirituallycomforting.C.Emotionallydisturbing. D.Mentallysatisfying.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutmisophoniasufferers?A.Theymayusepracticalwaystohandleit.B.Theywon’tbetreatedthroughmedicaltreatments.C.Theymaybeangeredbythefeelingofbeingcutoff.D.Theycanfullycuretheirmisophoniawiththerapy.11.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewsreport. B.Ascience-fictionstory.C.Ahealthmagazine. D.Apsychologist’snotebook.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.C【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了什么是恐音症，恐音症患者的一些症状，以及目前对此的一些治疗方法。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thesenoises,formanypeople,actasamereinconveniencethatcandistractusfromthetaskathand.(对许多人来说，这些噪音仅仅是一种不方便，会分散我们对手头工作的注意力)”可知，对于非恐音症患者来说，恼人的声音会分散他们对正在做的事情的注意力。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“However,forthosewhoclaimtosufferfromit(然而，对于那些声称遭受痛苦的人)”和下文“Certainsoundscauseintenseemotionalorpsychologicalresponsesthatmayseemoverthetopcomparedtoanon-sufferer’scomplaints.(某些声音会引起强烈的情绪或心理反应，与非患者的抱怨相比，这些声音似乎有些过头了)”可知，对恐音症患者而言，这种经历会引起他们强烈的负面情绪或心理反应。由此可知，此处指这种经历会让人精神痛苦，traumatic意思应该是“（精神上）痛苦的，不愉快的”，与emotionallydisturbing“情绪不安的”意思相近。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thesoundofalovedonechewingtheirfoodcouldtriggerasufferer’sanxietylevels,orcausethemtopanic.Itmayevenactivatetheirfight-or-flightresponse,makingthemwanttoflee.Inextremecases,thatfeelingofpanicmayresultinextremeangerandendupwithsufferersgoingcrazy.Asaresult,theseconditionscanleadtosocialisolation,andsufferersmayfeelcutoff,accordingtoJamesCartreine,aclinicalpsychiatrist.(亲人的咀嚼声可能会引发患者的焦虑情绪，甚至导致他们惊慌失措。这种声音甚至可能激活他们的“战斗或逃跑”反应，使他们想要逃离。在极端情况下，这种恐慌感可能会导致极度愤怒，最终使患者精神失常。据临床精神科医生詹姆斯·卡特里恩称，这些状况会导致患者出现社交孤立，他们可能会感到与世隔绝)”可知，恐音症可能会因被孤立的感觉而感到愤怒。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕恐音症展开，第一段引出恐音症的话题，第二段解释恐音症的概念，第三段描述恐音症患者的一些症状，第四段介绍目前对此的一些治疗方法，最后一段简要总结。由此可知，文章是简要地科普恐音症的相关知识，与人的健康有关，但并非教科书上严谨详尽的讲解，应该是出自一本健康杂志。DShapedlikeasoupcanwitharoundedbody,therobotstandsonawearer’sshoulderlikeaparrot.ItcanspeakfluentAnishinaabemowin,anIndigenous(土著的)languagespokenbytheAnishinaabenationofNorthAmerica.DanielleBoyer,a24-year-oldAnishinaaberoboticist,createdthe“Skobot”tocommunicateinendangeredIndigenouslanguages.Byenablingyoungspeakerstopracticewithanengagingpartner,sheaimstokeeptheselanguagesalivedespitethegrowingdominanceofEnglish.NewAItechnologiesarerevolutionizingthewayweapproachlanguagepreservation.MostAItranslationsystemsrequirevasttrainingdataforaccuracy,andmodelsforhigh-resourcelanguageslikeEnglishandSpanisharetypicallytrainedonmillionsofparallelsentencepairs.However,Indigenouslanguagesoftenhavelittlepublicdata,posingsignificantchallengesforstandardtranslationmethods.Toaddressthis,JaredColeman,acomputerscientistatLoyolaMarymountUniversity,developedatoolthatinstructsalargelanguagemodelinthegrammarandvocabularyofatargetlanguage,ensuringgrammaticalaccuracyintheoutputsentences.Sincedifferentcommunitieshavedifferentculturaltraditions,trainingAImodelsonmaterialinIndigenouslanguages,particularlyancestralstoriesandfolktales,canleadtounintendedconsequences.AsColemanexplained,certainstoriesaretraditionallytoldonlyduringthewintertimeinhiscommunity.“Howdoyoumaintainthattraditionifit’savailableonline?”hesays.Inotherwords,AImodelsdonotunderstandculturalnuance(细微差别).Iftheyarenottrainedappropriately,theycanmishandlesensitiveculturalinformation.IndigenousresearchersareundertakingAIlanguagepreservationinitiativestopromotegreateraccessibilityanddiversityattheforefrontoftechnologicalinnovation.AsresearchersUmaPradhanandJoyeetaDeyhaveexplained,AIlanguagepreservationhelpsaddresshistoricalinjusticeforcommunitiespreviouslydiscouragedorevenprohibitedfromspeakingtheirnativetongues.Theseinitiativesnotonlysupportlanguagerevitalization(复兴)byincreasingthenumberofspeakersbutalsoemphasizetheculturalsignificanceoftheselanguageswithintechnologicalspaceslongdominatedbyEnglish,MandarinChineseandahandfulofothergloballanguages.12.Whywas“Skobot”created?A.Toprovidereal-timelanguagetranslation.B.Toassistinlearningendangeredlanguages.C.TohelpIndigenouspeopleacquirenewlanguages.D.ToimprovetheefficiencyofpracticingoralEnglish.13.WhatmakesIndigenouslanguagesdifficultforAItranslationsystemstodealwith?A.Limitedvocabulary. B.Insufficienttrainingdata.C.Complexgrammaticalrules. D.Considerableregionaldifferences.14.WhatisaproblemofAImodelsinhandlingIndigenousstoriesaccordingtoColeman?A.Theydismissimportantdetails.B.Theyconfusehistoricaltimelines.C.Theymisinterprettraditionalcustoms.D.Theyfailtofullygraspculturalcontexts.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThesignificanceofAIinlanguagepreservation.B.ThekeyroleofAIinpromotinggloballanguages.C.Theimpactofcommunicationoncommunityculture.D.Indigenousresearchers’effortstorevitalizelanguages.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一款名为“Skobot”的机器人旨在帮助濒危土著语言的学习与传承，同时探讨了AI技术在土著语言保护中的应用、面临的挑战以及其重要意义。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“DanielleBoyer,a24-year-oldAnishinaaberoboticist,createdthe‘Skobot’tocommunicateinendangeredIndigenouslanguages.Byenablingyoungspeakerstopracticewithanengagingpartner,sheaimstokeeptheselanguagesalivedespitethegrowingdominanceofEnglish.(24岁的Anishinaabe机器人专家DanielleBoyer创造了‘Skobot’，使其能够用濒危的土著语言进行交流。通过让年轻使用者能与一个有趣的伙伴练习，她的目标是在英语日益占主导地位的情况下，保持这些语言的活力。)”可知，“Skobot”被创造出来是为了帮助人们学习和练习濒危的土著语言。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,Indigenouslanguagesoftenhavelittlepublicdata,posingsignificantchallengesforstandardtranslationmethods.(然而，土著语言通常只有很少的公开数据，这给标准的翻译方法带来了重大挑战。)”可知，导致AI翻译系统难以处理土著语言的原因是缺乏足够的训练数据。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inotherwords,AImodelsdonotunderstandculturalnuance(细微差别).Iftheyarenottrainedappropriately,theycanmishandlesensitiveculturalinformation.(换句话说，AI模型不理解文化细微差别。如果训练不当，它们可能会错误处理敏感的文化信息。)”以及Coleman提到的关于故事只能在冬天讲述的传统会被在线可用性打破的例子可知，AI模型在处理土著故事时的问题是它们无法完全掌握文化背景。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“AsresearchersUmaPradhanandJoyeetaDeyhaveexplained,AIlanguagepreservationhelpsaddresshistoricalinjusticeforcommunitiespreviouslydiscouragedorevenprohibitedfromspeakingtheirnativetongues.TheseinitiativesnotonlysupportlanguagerevitalizationbyincreasingthenumberofspeakersbutalsoemphasizetheculturalsignificanceoftheselanguageswithintechnologicalspaceslongdominatedbyEnglish,MandarinChineseandahandfulofothergloballanguages.(正如研究员乌玛・普拉丹与乔伊塔・戴伊所阐释的：AI语言保护有助于解决历史上对那些被阻止甚至被禁止说母语的社区的不公正待遇。这些举措不仅通过增加使用者数量来支持语言复兴，还强调了这些语言在长期被英语、普通话和少数其他全球语言主导的技术空间中的文化意义。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了AI在语言保护中的重要意义。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePowerofPeersIsittruethatbirdsofafeatherreallyflocktogether?Peopledotendtomakefriendswhoaresimilartothem.Manybehaviorsspreadsocially.Activitiesincertainbrainareaschangewhenotherpeoplearearound.____16____Wecanusethepowerofsocialrelationshipstogainhealthierhabits—andmotivateotherstodothesame.____17____Teensareespeciallyresponsivetopeer(同辈)influence.Atthesametime,therewardsystemintheteenbrainbecomesextrasensitive.Teensarejustlearningtoexplorethesocialworld.Understandingotherpeople’svaluesandbeinginfluencedbythemareimportantpartsofsocializing.Aresearchshowsthatevenjusthavinganotherpeeraroundcanchangetherewardresponseinthebrainandalsotherisk-takingtendenciesofteenagers.Somepeopleseemtobemoreeasilyinfluencedthanothersandmoresensitivetofeelingincludedorexcludedbyothers.____18____Butit’salsoatimethatpeerinfluencecanhelpteensprosperifitgetsthemmoreinvolvedwiththeircommunityorhelpsthemlearnbehaviorstogetalongwithothers.It’sthequalityoffriendships—notquantity—thatreallymakesthedifference.Friendshipsthatwewanttoletgoofmaybeoflowquality.____19____Highqualityfriendshipsprovideunderstanding,support,andrecognitionofourself-worth.Thesetypesoffriendshipsaremoresteadyandsatisfying.Spendingtimewithfriendscanbeespeciallyhelpfulforpeople.Noticingthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyotherpeople,wecanbeintentionalandtrytofocusonthepeoplewhoaredoingthethingswewanttogetintoourselves.____20____A.Adolescenceissuchadangerousperiod.B.Thatcaninfluencewhatwechoosetodo.C.Peerpressuregivesrisetofiercecompetition.D.Peopleofallagegroupstendtobeaffectedbywhatothersthink.E.Theyarelinkedtopooracademicperformanceandbehavioralissues.F.Sharingourhealthyhabitscouldalsomakearealdifferencetoothers.G.Thenumberoffriendswehavedeterminesourlevelofsocialinfluence.【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.E20.F【语篇解读】本文主要探讨了同辈影响的力量，介绍了同辈影响对人们（尤其是青少年）的行为、大脑反应的作用，以及高质量友谊的重要性，并提出可利用同辈影响培养健康习惯。【16题详析】上文“Manybehaviorsspreadsocially.Activitiesincertainbrainareaschangewhenotherpeoplearearound.(多行为会在社交中传播。当周围有其他人时，大脑特定区域的活动会发生变化。)”重点说明他人存在会影响人们的行为和大脑活动。下文“Wecanusethepowerofsocialrelationshipstogainhealthierhabits—andmotivateotherstodothesame.(我们可以利用人际关系的力量来养成更健康的习惯，并激励他人也这样做。)”则转向利用这种社交影响的积极作用。因此，本空需要填入一个承上启下的句子，体现他人影响对我们行为选择的作用。B选项“Thatcaninfluencewhatwechoosetodo.(这会影响我们选择做什么。)”符合题意，其中“That”指代上文提到的“他人存在对大脑活动和行为传播的影响”，既总结了上文，又为下文利用这种影响做铺垫。【17题详析】由下文“Teensareespeciallyresponsivetopeer(同辈)influence.(青少年对同辈影响尤其敏感。)”可知，下文重点围绕青少年的同辈影响展开。因此，本空需要填入一个总起句，引出“同辈影响”这一核心，且能过渡到青少年群体。D选项“Peopleofallagegroupstendtobeaffectedbywhatothersthink.(各个年龄段的人都容易受到他人想法的影响。)”符合题意，先说明所有年龄段的人都会受影响，再通过下文的“especially”突出青少年的特殊性，逻辑连贯。【18题详析】上文“Aresearchshowsthatevenjusthavinganotherpeeraroundcanchangetherewardresponseinthebrainandalsotherisk-takingtendenciesofteenagers.Somepeopleseemtobemoreeasilyinfluencedthanothersandmoresensitivetofeelingincludedorexcludedbyothers.(一项研究表明，即使身边只有另一个同辈，也能改变青少年大脑中的奖励反应和冒险倾向。有些人似乎比其他人更容易受到影响，对被包括或被排斥的感觉更敏感。)”提到了同辈影响对青少年可能产生的潜在风险（如冒险倾向）。下文“Butit’salsoatimethatpeerinfluencecanhelpteensprosperifitgetsthemmoreinvolvedwiththeircommunityorhelpsthemlearnbehaviorstogetalongwithothers.(但与此同时，如果同伴影响能让青少年更多参与社区活动，或是帮助他们学会与人相处的行为方式，这段时期也能助力青少年健康成长。)”通过转折，强调同辈影响的积极面。因此，本空需要填入一个体现青少年时期同辈影响消极面的句子，与下文形成转折。A选项“Adolescenceissuchadangerousperiod.(青春期是一个如此危险的时期。)”符合题意，既承接上文提到的青少年易受影响、有冒险倾向的特点，又通过“dangerous”与下文的“helpteensprosper”形成转折对比。【19题详析】上文“Friendshipsthatwewanttoletgoofmaybeoflowquality.(我们想要放弃的友谊可能是低质量的。)”引出“低质量友谊”这一概念。因此，本空需要填入一个说明低质量友谊负面影响的句子，进一步解释为什么要放弃低质量友谊。E选项“Theyarelinkedtopooracademicperformanceandbehavioralissues.(它们与糟糕的学业成绩和行为问题有关。)”符合题意，其中“They”指代上文的“lowqualityfriendships”，具体说明低质量友谊的危害，逻辑连贯。【20题详析】上文“Noticingthatourbehaviorisinfluencedbyotherpeople,wecanbeintentionalandtrytofocusonthepeoplewhoaredoingthethingswewanttogetintoourselves.(注意到我们的行为会受到他人的影响，我们可以有意识地专注于那些正在做我们自己想做的事情的人。)”强调我们可以主动选择受积极同辈影响，培养自身良好习惯。因此，本空需要填入一个承接上文、体现积极同辈影响延伸作用的句子。F选项“Sharingourhealthyhabitscouldalsomakearealdifferencetoothers.(分享我们的健康习惯也能对他人产生真正的影响。)”符合题意，既承接上文“培养自身健康习惯”，又延伸到“影响他人”，与文章开头“利用人际关系的力量激励他人”相呼应。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onesummerday,Iwasbattlingasevereheadache.SoIdecidedto____21____outsideforsomefreshair.LittledidIknowa(n)____22____turnwaswaitingahead.Iwasstaringatafishpond,my____23____rescuedogMistynearby,whensuddenlyI____24____.Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately____25____meoutofthewater,savingmeslowlybut____26____.She’dmanagedtogetmyupperbodyonland,bringingmearoundbylicking(舔)myfaceandbarkingloudly.OnceIgottomy____27____,shehadmywristinhermouth,guidingmeawayfromthe____28____andtowardsthehouse,whereIcouldcallforhelp.Clearly,shehadbeendrivenbyastrongsenseofprotection,attemptingtoensuremy____29____.Soon,medicalworkersarrived.Asthey____30____tome,Mistyneverleftmyside.TheydeterminedthatIhadaslightheadinjuryandsaidIcouldhavedrownedifMistyhadn’t____31____soquickly.Now,wheneverI’mintheyard,Misty____32____meandalwaysmakessureshe’sbetweenmeandthepond.Thisunique____33____betweenusfillsmewithasenseof____34____.Notmanypeoplecananswer“Whorescuedwho?”likemebecausethisquestion____35____asignificantpersonalmeaning.21.A.live B.play C.step D.search22.A.strange B.challenging C.unrealized D.unexpected23.A.indifferent B.devoted C.adorable D.gentle24.A.satdown B.sloweddown C.passedout D.stretchedout25.A.shaking B.dragging C.tearing D.pushing26.A.surely B.hardly C.slightly D.helplessly27.A.back B.feet C.side D.way28.A.track B.path C.pond D.route29.A.comfort B.safety C.health D.satisfaction30.A.responded B.contributed C.adapted D.attended31.A.acted B.delivered C.appeared D.barked32.A.follows B.avoids C.touches D.licks33.A.secret B.barrier C.thought D.bond34.A.gratitude B.achievement C.confusion D.excitement35.A.confirms B.changes C.holds D.ignores【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.B26.A27.B28.C29.B30.D31.A32.A33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者意外落水，她的救援犬Misty奋力将作者拖出水面，并引导她回屋求救。这次经历在作者和Misty之间建立了深厚的情感联结，也让作者对“谁救了谁”这个问题有了深刻的个人感悟。【21题详析】考查动词。句意：所以我决定到外面走一走，呼吸点新鲜空气。A.live居住；B.play玩耍；C.step走、迈步；D.search寻找。根据前文“Iwasbattlingasevereheadache”和后文“forsomefreshair”可知，作者头痛严重，想出去走一走呼吸新鲜空气，stepoutside意为“到外面去”。【22题详析】考查形容词。句意：我完全不知道前方正等待着一个意想不到的转折。A.strange奇怪的；B.challenging有挑战性的；C.unrealized未实现的；D.unexpected意想不到的。根据后文“Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately____meoutofthewater,savingmeslowlybut____.”作者晕倒被狗救起的情节可知，这是作者事先没有预料到的事情。【23题详析】考查形容词。句意：我正盯着一个池塘，我忠心的救援犬Misty在附近，突然我晕倒了。A.indifferent冷漠的；B.devoted忠心的、忠诚的；C.adorable可爱的；D.gentle温和的。根据后文“Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately____meoutofthewater,savingmeslowlybut____.”以及“Clearly,shehadbeendrivenbyastrongsenseofprotection,attemptingtoensuremy

____.”可知，狗狗救了主人，这是一只忠心的狗。【24题详析】考查动词短语。句意同上。A.satdown坐下；B.sloweddown减速；C.passedout晕倒；D.stretchedout伸展。根据后文“Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately”可知，作者后来才醒来，说明此处是指作者突然晕倒了。【25题详析】考查动词。句意：后来，我醒来发现Misty拼命把我从水里拖出来，缓慢但坚定地救我。A.shaking摇晃；B.dragging拖、拉；C.tearing撕开；D.pushing推。根据后文“She’dmanagedtogetmyupperbodyonland”可知，作者在水中，Misty要救她上岸，需要用嘴或身体“拖拽”她。【26题详析】考查副词。句意同上。A.surely坚定地、确定地；B.hardly几乎不；C.slightly轻微地；D.helplessly无助地。根据前文“desperately”和“savingmeslowlybut”可知，Misty虽然救得缓慢，但态度坚定。【27题详析】考查名词。句意：我一站起来，她就把我的手腕含在嘴里，引导我离开池塘，走向房子，在那里我可以寻求帮助。A.back背部；B.feet脚；C.side侧面；D.way道路。根据前文“She’dmanagedtogetmyupperbodyonland”以及“guidingmeawayfromthe”可知，作者之前晕倒在水边，此处指作者恢复意识后站起来，离开池塘，gettoone’sfeet意为“站起来”符合语境。【28题详析】考查名词。句意同上。A.track轨迹；B.path小路；C.pond池塘；D.route路线。根据前文“Iwasstaringatafishpond”、“draggingmeoutofthewater”以及后文“andtowardsthehouse,whereIcouldcallforhelp”可知，作者晕倒在池塘边醒来后，Misty引导作者离开池塘，避免再次发生危险。【29题详析】考查名词。句意：显然，她被一种强烈的保护欲驱使，试图确保我的安全。A.comfort舒适；B.safety安全；C.health健康；D.satisfaction满意。根据上文“Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately

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meoutofthewater,savingmeslowly”以及“shehadbeendrivenbyastrongsenseofprotection”可知，Misty将作者从水中拖出并带离池塘，这一系列行为的根本目的都是为了确保遇险主人的“安全”，这是救援犬的核心本能。【30题详析】考查动词。句意：当他们照顾我时，Misty从未离开我的身边。A.responded回应；B.contributed贡献；C.adapted适应；D.attended照顾、照料。根据前文“medicalworkersarrived”可知，医护人员来了之后开始照顾作者，attendto意为“照顾、照料”，是固定搭配。【31题详析】考查动词。句意：他们判断我有轻微的头部损伤，并说如果Misty没有反应这么快，我可能已经淹死了。A.acted行动；B.delivered交付；C.appeared出现；D.barked吠叫。根据前文“She’dmanagedtogetmyupperbodyonland,bringingmearoundbylicking(舔)myfaceandbarkingloudly.”Misty救作者的一系列行为可知，Misty行动迅速，如果Misty没有快速行动施救，作者就会淹死。【32题详析】考查动词。句意：现在，每当我在院子里，Misty都会跟着我，总是