2026年新教材译林版九年级上册英语全册各单元语法知识点讲义（含练习题及答案）

第第页2026年新教材译林版九年级上册英语全册各单元语法知识点讲义（含练习题及答案）本讲义覆盖Unit1–Unit8全部Reading语篇，采用『语篇感知→考点建构→衔接迁移→实战评价→答案解析』五步推进，每单元含单元大标题、原文语法填空、习题知识点（13张考点卡）、易错点梳理、学生自查表与逐空解析，可直接打印用于课堂或自习。译林版九年级上册Unit1—Knowyourself《Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirjobs》课文语法填空·实用重构版本单元阅读《Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirjobs》通过四位不同职业人物的小传，说明『性格决定职业匹配』。语篇以一般现在时叙述人物特征，穿插一般过去时回忆，大量使用词性转换、并列连词、介词固定搭配与被动意味的表达。本学案按『语篇感知→考点建构→衔接迁移→实战评价→答案解析』五步推进。适用对象建议时长使用方式配套九年级（上）同步复习/语法填空薄弱生课堂1课时/自习20–25min（每语篇）独立填空→对照考点卡归纳→评价量表自评教材课文+本学案逐空解析Step1语篇感知-在语境中读懂考点◆语篇-Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirjobs语篇通过真实语境呈现本单元核心语法。先做以下读前思考，再动手填空。①通读全文，用一句话概括语篇的主要话题或主人公的经历。②动笔填空前，先圈出每处空格前后的『线索词』（介词、连词、修饰语、时间状语），猜一猜它可能考哪类语法点。【课文语法填空】“He’saborn(1)______(art).He’squiet,buthiswork(2)______(shout).”ThisishowWuWei’sbestfriend(3)______(describe)him.WuWei’screativework(4)______(impress)notonlyhisfriendsbutalsothewholetown.HissculpturesforSunshineTownSquare(5)______(win)highpraisefromtheartcommunity.“I’vealwaysenjoyed(6)______(use)myimaginationtomakegreatart,”hesaid.“Iwanttokeep(7)______(share)new,interestingworkwithpeople.”SuMing(8)______(quit)herjobasanaccountantfiveyearsagoandstartedworking(9)______salesforabigcompany.“I’mactiveand(10)______(energy),andIloveworking(11)______people.Butinmylastjob,Ihadtowork(12)______numbersmostofthetime.”SuMingisnowthesalesmanagerofthecompany.“I’mhappy(13)______Ichangedmyjob.Thisone(14)______(suit)mebetter,”sheadded.LiuHao,togetherwithhisteam,(15)______(complete)thehigh-speedrailwayprojectconnectingSunshineTowntoTianjin.Astheleadengineer,heisserious(16)______hisworkandpaysattentiontoeverydetail.“Tous,amissis(17)______goodasamile.Anymistakemay(18)______(cost)lives,”saidMrLiu.Oneofhisteammembers(19)______(mention),“Healwaysworkstohighstandards,buthe’smodestandeasy(20)______(work)with.”FangYuan,adoctoratSunshineHospital,iskind(21)______patient.Shelovesherjobverymuch.“IwantedtobeadoctorwhenI(22)______(be)veryyoung.Ithinknothingis(23)______(meaningful)thanhelpingthesickandsavinglives,”sheexplained.Workingatahospitalcanbetough.Doctorsmustbeverycarefulatalltimesandoftenworklong(24)______(hour).ButMsFangthinksitis(25)______(worth)it.语篇考查重点解题提示Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirjobs词性转换、动词时态与语态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、冠词、代词、从句、名词、比较等级、特殊句式、形式主语先通读把握大意，再逐空看前后搭配线索（介词/连词/修饰语）。🔎本单元语法聚焦人物简介多用一般现在时，回忆性细节用一般过去时，注意时态切换。形容词↔名词↔副词的词性转换高频出现（energetic,impression,meaningful）。并列连词and/but连接人物特征；介词固定搭配（insales,withpeople,about）密集。amissisasgoodasamile等格言含原级比较与谚语结构。Step2考点建构-把零散考点归类成卡把本单元设空按语法大类归并，每一类给出『考查功能→解题锦囊→直击易错→即时小练』，化『机械罗列』为『按类建构』。下面13张考点卡为初中语法通用工具，请结合本单元语篇使用。〖必备考点1〗考点卡1-词性转换考查功能根据空格在句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语/表语），把括号里的提示词转换成正确的词性。解题锦囊看成分：作主语/宾语多用名词；作定语多用形容词；作状语多用副词；作表语看修饰人(-ed)还是物(-ing)。后缀规律：动词→名词常加-tion/-ment/-ance/-ure；名词→形容词常加-ful/-al/-ous/-ive；形容词→副词加-ly。易混：-ing结尾形容词修饰『事物/事』，-ed结尾修饰『人/感受』，如interesting/interested。⚠直击易错只变词性忘了变『数/级』，或把修饰物的-ing与修饰人的-ed用反；看到括号提示词先判断它在本句『做什么成分』再变形。练.WuWei’screativeworkleavesadeep___________(impress)oneveryone.（答案：impression）〖必备考点2〗考点卡2-副词考查功能考查副词的构成与用法：由形容词加-ly构成以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子；或考查逻辑副词（however/therefore/though）表衔接。解题锦囊构成：形容词+-ly（quick→quickly）；以-y结尾变-ily；以-le结尾变-ly；whole→wholly、true→truly为特殊变化。逻辑副词：however（转折）、therefore/thus（因果）、though（让步）常放句首或句中起衔接作用。位置：修饰动词多置于其后，修饰全句常置于句首或句末。⚠直击易错形容词变副词常拼错（漏把y改为i，或漏双写）；逻辑副词易与连词混用（however不能和but同现）。练.___________(lucky),shechangedherjobandfoundhertruecalling.（答案：Luckily）〖必备考点3〗考点卡3-非谓语动词考查功能句中已有谓语动词时，其余动词须用非谓语形式：不定式todo、动名词doing、分词doing/done，分别表示目的、主语/宾语、主动/被动。解题锦囊作主语/宾语：常用动名词doing或不定式todo；固定搭配要记牢（minddoing,wanttodo）。作定语/状语/补语：看与所修饰词的主被动——主动用doing，被动用done，将来/目的用todo。标志词：by+doing；Itis+adj.+todo；seesb.do/doing；beeasy/difficulttodo。⚠直击易错分不清doing与todo的固定搭配（如lookforwardtodoing中to是介词）；或忘记非谓语没有『时态』只有『态』(主动/被动)。练.Hewenttotheartcommunity___________(show)hissculptures.（答案：toshow）〖必备考点4〗考点卡4-动词时态与语态考查功能根据时间状语、上下文时态基调及主语与动词的主动/被动关系，确定动词的正确时态与语态。解题锦囊时间线索：now→现在进行/一般现在；yesterday/last→一般过去；since/for→现在完成；by+将来→将来完成。被动语态：be+过去分词；注意be的时态与主语单复数（abookis,booksare）。特殊：主将从现（if/when引导条件/时间状语从句，主句将来、从句现在）。⚠直击易错主谓时态不一致（前文过去时，本空也须过去，除非叙述普遍真理用现在）；被动漏写be动词或过去分词形式错。练.Thehigh-speedrailwayproject___________(complete)byLiuHao’steamlastyear.（答案：wascompleted）〖必备考点5〗考点卡5-连词考查功能依据前后分句的逻辑关系（并列、转折、因果、时间、条件）选择并列或从属连词，使语意连贯。解题锦囊并列：and(顺承)/but(转折)/or(选择)；从属：because(因)/so(果)/when/while(时间)/if(条件)/although(让步)。固定搭配：notonly…butalso；either…or；neither…nor；not…until。先看两句话谁是主谁是从，再判断缺『什么逻辑』的连结。⚠直击易错把并列连词and/but与从属连词混用；或忽略『虽然…但是』在英语里不能although…but同现。练.SuMinglovesworkingwithpeople,___________herlastjobwasboring.（答案：but）〖必备考点6〗考点卡6-介词考查功能考查固定搭配或方位/时间/方式介词，往往不靠规则而靠『短语记忆』。解题锦囊固定搭配是王道：onthecoast,withasmile,bydoing,lookforwardto,becuriousabout,beknownfor,payattentionto。时间：at点/on天/in段；方位：on表面/in内部/at小地点。to可能是介词（后接doing）：lookforwardto,beusedto,payattentionto,beseriousabout。⚠直击易错把to当不定式符号而误填动词原形（实际是介词，须doing）；混淆in/on/at的时间用法。练.LiuHaopaysattention___________everydetailinhiswork.（答案：to）〖必备考点7〗考点卡7-冠词考查功能判断特指(the)、泛指(a/an)或固定搭配中的冠词。解题锦囊泛指单数可数用a/an（a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前）；特指、独一无二、最高级、序数词前用the。固定搭配：makeagoodimpression,havearest,amissisasgoodasamile。零冠词：球类、三餐、语言、学科前通常无冠词。⚠直击易错该用the表特指却用a；或泛指第一次提到的人/物忘记用a/an；注意发音而非字母判断a/an。练.FangYuanis___________kindandpatientdoctoratSunshineHospital.（答案：a）〖必备考点8〗考点卡8-代词考查功能考查人称、物主、反身、指示或不定代词，使指代清晰、成分完整。解题锦囊反身代词：当宾语与主语同一人时用myself/yourself/themselves等。it可指前文事物、时间、天气，也可作形式主语/宾语（真正主语后置）。one/ones替代前文单数/复数可数名词，避免重复。⚠直击易错反身代词漏写-self；或该用it作形式主语时误填this/that；指代前文要用正确的人称。练.Theteammembersenjoyed___________(they)workingwithLiuHao.（答案：themselves）〖必备考点9〗考点卡9-从句考查功能考查定语从句、名词性从句的连接词，使复合句结构完整、逻辑清晰。解题锦囊定语从句：先行词指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that，表所属用whose，时间when、地点where、原因why。宾语从句：that(陈述)/whether/if(是否)/what(…的事物)；介词后不用that引导。看从句『缺不缺成分』：缺主语/宾语用关系代词，不缺用关系副词。⚠直击易错定语从句里先行词指人却用which；或漏掉关系代词导致句子缺主语；宾语从句陈述事实用that而非what。练.Theartist___________sculptureswonhighpraiseisWuWei.（答案：whose）〖必备考点10〗考点卡10-名词考查功能考查可数名词的单复数及所有格，使数与语境一致。解题锦囊可数名词单数不能『裸奔』，要么加a/an，要么变复数；复数词尾-s/-es，-y变-ies，-f/-fe变-ves。不可数名词无复数，谓语用单数；量词短语如apieceof可使其可数。所有格：有生命加's，无生命用of结构。⚠直击易错该用复数却用单数（如activity→activities）；或以-y结尾直接加-s（应为-ies）。练.Therearemany___________(activity)inthelocalartcommunity.（答案：activities）〖必备考点11〗考点卡11-比较等级考查功能考查原级、比较级、最高级及比较结构，表达程度差异。解题锦囊than前用比较级；of/in短语表范围用最高级（the+最高级）。原级：as+原级+as；notas/so…as。多音节词加more/most，单音节词加-er/-est；不规则（good→better→best；little→less）。⚠直击易错than前忘记用比较级；最高级漏the；或双写/变y规则出错。练.Helpingothersis___________(meaningful)thanjustmakingmoney.（答案：moremeaningful）〖必备考点12〗考点卡12-特殊句式（倒装）考查功能否定副词或半否定词置于句首时，主句须部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。解题锦囊常见触发词：never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,nosooner…than,notonly…butalso(前倒后不倒)。结构：否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分。注意：only修饰状语置于句首也引起倒装。⚠直击易错否定词开头却未倒装（仍写陈述语序）；或把be动词/助动词放错位置。练.Notonly___________WuWeiimpresshisfriends,butalsothewholetown.（答案：did）〖必备考点13〗考点卡13-句子成分（形式主语）考查功能用it作形式主语/形式宾语，把真正的主语（不定式/动名词/that从句）后置，使句子平衡。解题锦囊Itis+adj./n.+todo/that从句：it是形式主语，todo/that从句是真正主语。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.固定结构。findit+adj.+todo中it是形式宾语。⚠直击易错忘记用it占位，直接把不定式放句首却缺少形式主语；或that从句前漏it。练.___________isimportanttofindajobthatsuitsyourpersonality.（答案：It）Step3衔接迁移-单句填空练手脱离语篇，用本单元考点完成下列单句填空；参考答案见Step5。1.[词性转换]Weshouldbe___________(care)whencrossingthebusystreet.2.[副词]___________(fortunate),itrainedonthedayoftheschooltrip.3.[非谓语动词]Hewenttothelibrary___________(borrow)somebooks.4.[动词时态与语态]Thewindow___________(break)bythenaughtyboyyesterday.5.[连词]Iwillcallyou___________Igethome.6.[介词]Welearnalot___________workingingroups.7.[冠词]Heis___________honeststudentinourclass.8.[代词]Itwas___________whotoldmethetruth.9.[从句]Idon’tknow___________hewillcomeornot.10.[名词]Weneedtwo___________(hour)tofinishthework.11.[比较等级]Heisthe___________(tall)boyinhisclass.12.[特殊句式（倒装）]Notuntilheleft___________(I/realize)mymistake.13.[句子成分（形式主语）]Ifind___________difficulttogetupearlyinwinter.Step4实战与评价-用量表自检◆易错点梳理（本单元高频失分提醒）born后易误填art（名词）而非artist（『天生的艺术家』）；提示词变形别忘加-ist。togetherwith连接主语时，谓语动词随前面的单数名词（LiuHao），易错用havecompleted。enjoy/keep后必须接动名词doing，易误填touse/toshare。amissisasgoodasamile中as…as原级结构，易漏写第二个as或误填than。may/can/must等情态动词后一律接动词原形，易误填costed/costs。◆易错词形银行（提示词→正确形式）impress→impression（词性转换）create→creative（形）；creative→creatively（副）energy→energetic（名→形）mean→meaningful（形）；suit→suitable（形）describe→described（过去式）complete→completed/hascompleted（时态）win→havewon（现在完成）use→using（动名词）；share→sharing（动名词）serious→about（固定搭配）worth→worthit（表语固定）asgoodas（原级比较）amissisasgoodasamile（谚语）◆学生自查表（评价量表）自评/互评指引：对照量表逐维打分，找出自己最弱的1–2个维度重点突破；错题请回到Step2对应考点卡，用锦囊复述规则，再重做一遍。维度优秀4达标3待改进2得分考点识别能准确判断每空考查的词法/句法点基本能判断混淆考点类别词形变化提示词变形完全正确（词性、单复数、时态）大部分正确变形错误或遗漏语境逻辑依据上下文合理选填连词/介词/冠词基本合理忽略上下文线索时态与一致时态呼应、主谓/动宾一致无误偶有失误时态或一致错误多整体准确率单元语篇填空正确率≥90%70%–90%低于70%Step5答案解析-补全语篇+逐空精讲◆Step3单句操练参考答案1.careful2.Unfortunately3.toborrow4.wasbroken5.when6.by7.an8.he9.whether10.hours11.tallest12.didIrealize13.it◆语篇-Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirjobs补全与解析【补全语篇】“He’sabornartist.He’squiet,buthisworkshouts.”ThisishowWuWei’sbestfrienddescribedhim.WuWei’screativeworkimpressesnotonlyhisfriendsbutalsothewholetown.HissculpturesforSunshineTownSquarehavewonhighpraisefromtheartcommunity.“I’vealwaysenjoyedusingmyimaginationtomakegreatart,”hesaid.“Iwanttokeepsharingnew,interestingworkwithpeople.”SuMingquitherjobasanaccountantfiveyearsagoandstartedworkinginsalesforabigcompany.“I’mactiveandenergetic,andIloveworkingwithpeople.Butinmylastjob,Ihadtoworkwithnumbersmostofthetime.”SuMingisnowthesalesmanagerofthecompany.“I’mhappythatIchangedmyjob.Thisonesuitsmebetter,”sheadded.LiuHao,togetherwithhisteam,hascompletedthehigh-speedrailwayprojectconnectingSunshineTowntoTianjin.Astheleadengineer,heisseriousabouthisworkandpaysattentiontoeverydetail.“Tous,amissisasgoodasamile.Anymistakemaycostlives,”saidMrLiu.Oneofhisteammembersmentioned,“Healwaysworkstohighstandards,buthe’smodestandeasytoworkwith.”FangYuan,adoctoratSunshineHospital,iskindandpatient.Shelovesherjobverymuch.“IwantedtobeadoctorwhenIwasveryyoung.Ithinknothingismoremeaningfulthanhelpingthesickandsavinglives,”sheexplained.Workingatahospitalcanbetough.Doctorsmustbeverycarefulatalltimesandoftenworklonghours.ButMsFangthinksitisworthit.【逐空解析】题号考点类别答案详细解析(1)词性转换（名→名词）artistborn后接名词，art的名词形式artist表示『艺术家』。(2)动词时态（一般现在）shouts描述人物特征用一般现在时，主语work为单数，shout加-s。(3)动词时态（一般过去）described朋友的评价是过去说的，用一般过去时described。(4)动词时态（一般现在）impresses陈述客观事实，主语work单数，impress加-es。(5)动词时态（现在完成）havewon强调作品至今获得的高度评价，用现在完成时havewon。(6)非谓语动词（动名词）usingenjoy后接动名词doing，enjoyedusing。(7)非谓语动词（动名词）sharingkeep后接doing，keepsharing表示『持续分享』。(8)动词时态（一般过去）quitfiveyearsago表过去，quit的过去式仍为quit。(9)介词（领域）inworkinsales表示『从事销售工作』，in表领域。(10)词性转换（名→形容词）energetic与active并列作表语，energy去y加etic变为energetic。(11)介词（伴随）withworkwithpeople固定搭配，with表『与…一起』。(12)介词（对象）withworkwithnumbers表示『与数字打交道』。(13)从句（宾语从句）thathappy后接that引导的宾语从句，that可省略但填空须补。(14)动词时态（一般现在）suits陈述现在情况，主语thisone单数，suit加-s。(15)动词时态（现在完成）hascompletedtogetherwith谓语随LiuHao单数；强调刚完成用现在完成时。(16)介词（固定搭配）aboutbeseriousabout为固定搭配，意为『对…认真』。(17)比较等级（原级）asasgoodas固定结构，表示『和…一样好』。(18)动词原形（情态动词后）costmay为情态动词，后接动词原形cost。(19)动词时态（一般过去）mentioned描述团队成员过去的话，用一般过去时mentioned。(20)非谓语动词（不定式）toworkbeeasytodo用不定式toworkwith作状语。(21)连词（并列）andkindandpatient并列形容词，用and连接。(22)动词时态（一般过去）waswhenIwasveryyoung描述过去，be用was。(23)比较等级（比较级）moremeaningfulthan前用比较级，meaningful多音节加more。(24)名词复数hourslonghours表示『长时间』，hour用复数。(25)形容词（表语）worthbeworthit为固定表达，worth作表语『值得的』。

译林版九年级上册Unit2—Teenageproblems《TwoletterstoMrFriend》课文语法填空·实用重构版本单元阅读《TwoletterstoMrFriend》是两封九年级学生写给青少年顾问SigmundFriend的求助信，分别倾诉『父母管得太严』与『学业与爱好难平衡』的烦恼。语篇以一般现在时叙述现状，穿插一般过去与情态动词，大量使用连词、介词、宾语从句与代词。本学案按五步推进，帮助你在真实语境中识别考点。适用对象建议时长使用方式配套九年级（上）同步复习/语法填空薄弱生课堂1课时/自习20–25min（每语篇）独立填空→对照考点卡归纳→评价量表自评教材课文+本学案逐空解析Step1语篇感知-在语境中读懂考点◆语篇-TwoletterstoMrFriend语篇通过真实语境呈现本单元核心语法。先做以下读前思考，再动手填空。①通读全文，用一句话概括语篇的主要话题或主人公的经历。②动笔填空前，先圈出每处空格前后的『线索词』（介词、连词、修饰语、时间状语），猜一猜它可能考哪类语法点。【课文语法填空】DearMrFriend,IamZhangKe.Ihavesomeproblems(1)______myparents,andIamnotsure(2)______todo.Ifeellikemyparentsmakeallthe(3)______inmylifeandIdonothaveanychancetobemyself.Theychoosemyclothesforme.WhenIwanttowearsomethingdifferent,theysaytheyknowbest.Iamneverallowedtoeatfood(4)______myparentsthinkisunhealthy,evenasatreat.Ifwegotoarestaurant,theyorderforme(5)______askingwhatIwant.IknowIamyoung,butIthinkIshouldbeabletomakesomedecisions.EverytimeItrytalkingtothemaboutthis,theyeitherlosepatience(6)______juststicktotheirownopinions.Iknowmyparentsloveme,(7)______Ithinktheyaretoostrictwithme.Iwonder(8)______weunderstandeachotheratall!Doyouhaveanyadvice?DearMrFriend,mynameisLuoYang.Iamunderalotofstressatschool!IfeellikeIneverhaveenoughtimetodoeverything(9)______Ineedto.Ioftenhavetospendmoretimeonmyschoolwork(10)______myclassmates,soIhavetostayuplatetofinishit.ThismeansIamoftentiredthenextday.SometimesIwastetimeonmymobilephone(11)______Istillhavesomeschoolworktodo.Ialwaysregretitafter,(12)______Ijustdonotknowhowtocontrolmyself.Moreover,Iloveplayingfootball,andIoftenplayforhours(13)______myfriendsafterschool.ButIdonotwantmyschoolworktosuffer(14)______ofit.Iwonder(15)______Ishouldcutbackonfootball.NowIamfallingbehindinmanyofmyclasses.Ineedtofindawaytofixthissituation.Ireallyhopeyoucanofferme(16)______advice.语篇考查重点解题提示TwoletterstoMrFriend词性转换、动词时态与语态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、冠词、代词、从句、名词、比较等级、特殊句式、形式主语先通读把握大意，再逐空看前后搭配线索（介词/连词/修饰语）。🔎本单元语法聚焦求助信以第一人称一般现在时叙述烦恼，穿插wish/wonder等表达不确定。连词（but/because/if/although）与介词（with/for/on）密集，逻辑关系清晰。whether/if引导的宾语从句、what引导的主语/表语从句是重点。反身代词、不定代词（something/anything）与情态动词后原形需留意。Step2考点建构-把零散考点归类成卡把本单元设空按语法大类归并，每一类给出『考查功能→解题锦囊→直击易错→即时小练』，化『机械罗列』为『按类建构』。下面13张考点卡为初中语法通用工具，请结合本单元语篇使用。〖必备考点1〗考点卡1-词性转换考查功能根据空格在句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语/表语），把括号里的提示词转换成正确的词性。解题锦囊看成分：作主语/宾语多用名词；作定语多用形容词；作状语多用副词；作表语看修饰人(-ed)还是物(-ing)。后缀规律：动词→名词常加-tion/-ment/-ance/-ure；名词→形容词常加-ful/-al/-ous/-ive；形容词→副词加-ly。易混：-ing结尾形容词修饰『事物/事』，-ed结尾修饰『人/感受』，如interesting/interested。⚠直击易错只变词性忘了变『数/级』，或把修饰物的-ing与修饰人的-ed用反；看到括号提示词先判断它在本句『做什么成分』再变形。练.Shewasunhappy___________(simple)becauseoftheexam.（答案：simply）〖必备考点2〗考点卡2-副词考查功能考查副词的构成与用法：由形容词加-ly构成以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子；或考查逻辑副词（however/therefore/though）表衔接。解题锦囊构成：形容词+-ly（quick→quickly）；以-y结尾变-ily；以-le结尾变-ly；whole→wholly、true→truly为特殊变化。逻辑副词：however（转折）、therefore/thus（因果）、though（让步）常放句首或句中起衔接作用。位置：修饰动词多置于其后，修饰全句常置于句首或句末。⚠直击易错形容词变副词常拼错（漏把y改为i，或漏双写）；逻辑副词易与连词混用（however不能和but同现）。练.Theboyregretted___________(waste)timeonhisphone.（答案：wasting）〖必备考点3〗考点卡3-非谓语动词考查功能句中已有谓语动词时，其余动词须用非谓语形式：不定式todo、动名词doing、分词doing/done，分别表示目的、主语/宾语、主动/被动。解题锦囊作主语/宾语：常用动名词doing或不定式todo；固定搭配要记牢（minddoing,wanttodo）。作定语/状语/补语：看与所修饰词的主被动——主动用doing，被动用done，将来/目的用todo。标志词：by+doing；Itis+adj.+todo；seesb.do/doing；beeasy/difficulttodo。⚠直击易错分不清doing与todo的固定搭配（如lookforwardtodoing中to是介词）；或忘记非谓语没有『时态』只有『态』(主动/被动)。练.Myparentsarestrict___________meaboutmystudy.（答案：with）〖必备考点4〗考点卡4-动词时态与语态考查功能根据时间状语、上下文时态基调及主语与动词的主动/被动关系，确定动词的正确时态与语态。解题锦囊时间线索：now→现在进行/一般现在；yesterday/last→一般过去；since/for→现在完成；by+将来→将来完成。被动语态：be+过去分词；注意be的时态与主语单复数（abookis,booksare）。特殊：主将从现（if/when引导条件/时间状语从句，主句将来、从句现在）。⚠直击易错主谓时态不一致（前文过去时，本空也须过去，除非叙述普遍真理用现在）；被动漏写be动词或过去分词形式错。练.Iwonder___________Icanachieveabalancebetweenstudyandhobbies.（答案：whether/if）〖必备考点5〗考点卡5-连词考查功能依据前后分句的逻辑关系（并列、转折、因果、时间、条件）选择并列或从属连词，使语意连贯。解题锦囊并列：and(顺承)/but(转折)/or(选择)；从属：because(因)/so(果)/when/while(时间)/if(条件)/although(让步)。固定搭配：notonly…butalso；either…or；neither…nor；not…until。先看两句话谁是主谁是从，再判断缺『什么逻辑』的连结。⚠直击易错把并列连词and/but与从属连词混用；或忽略『虽然…但是』在英语里不能although…but同现。练.Hespentmoretimeonhomework___________hisclassmates.（答案：than）〖必备考点6〗考点卡6-介词考查功能考查固定搭配或方位/时间/方式介词，往往不靠规则而靠『短语记忆』。解题锦囊固定搭配是王道：onthecoast,withasmile,bydoing,lookforwardto,becuriousabout,beknownfor,payattentionto。时间：at点/on天/in段；方位：on表面/in内部/at小地点。to可能是介词（后接doing）：lookforwardto,beusedto,payattentionto,beseriousabout。⚠直击易错把to当不定式符号而误填动词原形（实际是介词，须doing）；混淆in/on/at的时间用法。练.___________(luck),theteacherofferedhimsomeusefuladvice.（答案：Luckily）〖必备考点7〗考点卡7-冠词考查功能判断特指(the)、泛指(a/an)或固定搭配中的冠词。解题锦囊泛指单数可数用a/an（a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前）；特指、独一无二、最高级、序数词前用the。固定搭配：makeagoodimpression,havearest,amissisasgoodasamile。零冠词：球类、三餐、语言、学科前通常无冠词。⚠直击易错该用the表特指却用a；或泛指第一次提到的人/物忘记用a/an；注意发音而非字母判断a/an。练.Thestudentsenjoyed___________(they)duringtheschooltrip.（答案：themselves）〖必备考点8〗考点卡8-代词考查功能考查人称、物主、反身、指示或不定代词，使指代清晰、成分完整。解题锦囊反身代词：当宾语与主语同一人时用myself/yourself/themselves等。it可指前文事物、时间、天气，也可作形式主语/宾语（真正主语后置）。one/ones替代前文单数/复数可数名词，避免重复。⚠直击易错反身代词漏写-self；或该用it作形式主语时误填this/that；指代前文要用正确的人称。练.Thisisthebook___________Iborrowedfromthelibrary.（答案：that/which）〖必备考点9〗考点卡9-从句考查功能考查定语从句、名词性从句的连接词，使复合句结构完整、逻辑清晰。解题锦囊定语从句：先行词指人用who/whom/that，指物用which/that，表所属用whose，时间when、地点where、原因why。宾语从句：that(陈述)/whether/if(是否)/what(…的事物)；介词后不用that引导。看从句『缺不缺成分』：缺主语/宾语用关系代词，不缺用关系副词。⚠直击易错定语从句里先行词指人却用which；或漏掉关系代词导致句子缺主语；宾语从句陈述事实用that而非what。练.Itisimportant___________(find)awaytosolvetheproblem.（答案：tofind）〖必备考点10〗考点卡10-名词考查功能考查可数名词的单复数及所有格，使数与语境一致。解题锦囊可数名词单数不能『裸奔』，要么加a/an，要么变复数；复数词尾-s/-es，-y变-ies，-f/-fe变-ves。不可数名词无复数，谓语用单数；量词短语如apieceof可使其可数。所有格：有生命加's，无生命用of结构。⚠直击易错该用复数却用单数（如activity→activities）；或以-y结尾直接加-s（应为-ies）。练.Therearemany___________(difference)betweenthetwoschools.（答案：differences）〖必备考点11〗考点卡11-比较等级考查功能考查原级、比较级、最高级及比较结构，表达程度差异。解题锦囊than前用比较级；of/in短语表范围用最高级（the+最高级）。原级：as+原级+as；notas/so…as。多音节词加more/most，单音节词加-er/-est；不规则（good→better→best；little→less）。⚠直击易错than前忘记用比较级；最高级漏the；或双写/变y规则出错。练.Notonlytheparents___________theteachercareabouthim.（答案：but）〖必备考点12〗考点卡12-特殊句式（倒装）考查功能否定副词或半否定词置于句首时，主句须部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。解题锦囊常见触发词：never,hardly,seldom,notuntil,nosooner…than,notonly…butalso(前倒后不倒)。结构：否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分。注意：only修饰状语置于句首也引起倒装。⚠直击易错否定词开头却未倒装（仍写陈述语序）；或把be动词/助动词放错位置。练.Heisthe___________(strict)parentIhaveevermet.（答案：strictest）〖必备考点13〗考点卡13-句子成分（形式主语）考查功能用it作形式主语/形式宾语，把真正的主语（不定式/动名词/that从句）后置，使句子平衡。解题锦囊Itis+adj./n.+todo/that从句：it是形式主语，todo/that从句是真正主语。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.固定结构。findit+adj.+todo中it是形式宾语。⚠直击易错忘记用it占位，直接把不定式放句首却缺少形式主语；或that从句前漏it。练.___________isnecessarytotalkwithparentsoften.（答案：It）Step3衔接迁移-单句填空练手脱离语篇，用本单元考点完成下列单句填空；参考答案见Step5。1.[词性转换]Teenagersshouldbe___________(patience)whentalkingtoparents.2.[副词]___________(unlucky),hefailedtheexamagain.3.[非谓语动词]Sheregretted___________(argue)withhermother.4.[动词时态与语态]Theletter___________(write)byaGrade9studentyesterday.5.[连词]Heisstrict,___________helovesme.6.[介词]Parentsalwaysworry___________theirchildren’sfuture.7.[冠词]ZhangKeis___________honestboywhospeakshismind.8.[代词]Thechildrenenjoyed___________(they)attheparty.9.[从句]Idon’tknow___________makeshimsoangry.10.[名词]Weshouldmakeourown___________(decision)whenwegrowup.11.[比较等级]Thisproblemis___________(serious)thanthatone.12.[特殊句式（倒装）]Never___________(I/forget)myparents’advice.13.[句子成分（形式主语）]___________ishelpfultoshareproblemswithfriends.Step4实战与评价-用量表自检◆易错点梳理（本单元高频失分提醒）advice是不可数名词，易误加-s写成advices；someadvice才正确。haveproblemswithsth.中with是介词，后接名词/代词，易误用of或about。either…or…与neither…nor…固定搭配，or/nor易漏写或与and混用。wonder/know后接whether或if，但介词后只用whether，易误填if。regretdoing（后悔做过）与regrettodo（遗憾要做）易混淆；文中regretit指后悔浪费时间。◆易错词形银行（提示词→正确形式）patient→patience（形→名）strict→strictly（副）；regret→regretted（过去）waste→wasting（动名词）decision→decisions（复数）；difference→differences（复数）wonder→whether/if（宾语从句）advice→someadvice（不可数，无复数）stayup（熬夜，无被动）fallbehind（落后，短语动词）strictwith（对…严格）beableto（能够，后接原形）◆学生自查表（评价量表）自评/互评指引：对照量表逐维打分，找出自己最弱的1–2个维度重点突破；错题请回到Step2对应考点卡，用锦囊复述规则，再重做一遍。维度优秀4达标3待改进2得分考点识别能准确判断每空考查的词法/句法点基本能判断混淆考点类别词形变化提示词变形完全正确（词性、单复数、时态）大部分正确变形错误或遗漏语境逻辑依据上下文合理选填连词/介词/冠词基本合理忽略上下文线索时态与一致时态呼应、主谓/动宾一致无误偶有失误时态或一致错误多整体准确率单元语篇填空正确率≥90%70%–90%低于70%Step5答案解析-补全语篇+逐空精讲◆Step3单句操练参考答案1.patient2.Unfortunately3.arguing4.waswritten5.but6.about7.an8.themselves9.what10.decisions11.moreserious12.willIforget13.It◆语篇-TwoletterstoMrFriend补全与解析【补全语篇】DearMrFriend,IamZhangKe.Ihavesomeproblemswithmyparents,andIamnotsurewhattodo.IfeellikemyparentsmakeallthedecisionsinmylifeandIdonothaveanychancetobemyself.Theychoosemyclothesforme.WhenIwanttowearsomethingdifferent,theysaytheyknowbest.Iamneverallowedtoeatfoodthatmyparentsthinkisunhealthy,evenasatreat.Ifwegotoarestaurant,theyorderformewithoutaskingwhatIwant.IknowIamyoung,butIthinkIshouldbeabletomakesomedecisions.EverytimeItrytalkingtothemaboutthis,theyeitherlosepatienceorjuststicktotheirownopinions.Iknowmyparentsloveme,butIthinktheyaretoostrictwithme.Iwonderifweunderstandeachotheratall!Doyouhaveanyadvice?DearMrFriend,mynameisLuoYang.Iamunderalotofstressatschool!IfeellikeIneverhaveenoughtimetodoeverythingthatIneedto.Ioftenhavetospendmoretimeonmyschoolworkthanmyclassmates,soIhavetostayuplatetofinishit.ThismeansIamoftentiredthenextday.SometimesIwastetimeonmymobilephonewhenIstillhavesomeschoolworktodo.Ialwaysregretitafter,butIjustdonotknowhowtocontrolmyself.Moreover,Iloveplayingfootball,andIoftenplayforhourswithmyfriendsafterschool.ButIdonotwantmyschoolworktosufferbecauseofit.IwonderwhetherIshouldcutbackonfootball.NowIamfallingbehindinmanyofmyclasses.Ineedtofindawaytofixthissituation.Ireallyhopeyoucanoffermesomeadvice.【逐空解析】题号考点类别答案详细解析(1)介词（固定搭配）withhaveproblemswithsth.固定搭配，意为『在…方面有困扰』。(2)从句（宾语从句）whatwhattodo中what作do的宾语，引导『疑问词+不定式』。(3)名词复数decisionsdecision为可数名词，allthe后接复数decisions。(4)从句（定语从句）thatfood后接that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作think的宾语。(5)介词（否定）withoutwithoutasking表示『未询问』，without后接doing。(6)连词（固定搭配）oreither…or…固定搭配，意为『要么…要么…』。(7)连词（转折）but前后为转折关系，用but连接。(8)从句（宾语从句）ifwonderif表示『想知道是否』，if引导宾语从句。(9)从句（定语从句）thateverything后接that引导的定语从句，that作need的宾语。(10)比较等级（比较级）thanmore…than…比较结构，than引出比较对象。(11)从句（时间状语从句）whenwhen引导时间状语从句，表示『当…的时候』。(12)连词（转折）but前后转折：后悔了，却不知如何控制自己，用but。(13)介词（伴随）withplaywithfriends表示『与朋友一起玩』。(14)连词（因果）becausebecause引导原因状语从句，解释不想受影响的原因。(15)从句（宾语从句）whetherwonderwhether表示『想知道是否』，whether与if可互换但介词后多用whether。(16)代词（不定代词）somesomeadvice中some修饰不可数名词advice，表『一些』。

译林版九年级上册Unit3—Nevergiveup《StephenHawking:themindbeyondthewheelchair》课文语法填空·实用重构版本单元阅读《StephenHawking:themindbeyondthewheelchair》是一篇人物传记，讲述霍金如何在渐冻症的逆境中坚持科学研究。语篇以一般过去时叙述生平，穿插现在完成时与被动语态，并大量使用状语从句、非谓语动词与连词。本学案按五步推进，提炼传记类语篇的高频考点。适用对象建议时长使用方式配套九年级（上）同步复习/语法填空薄弱生课堂1课时/自习20–25min（每语篇）独立填空→对照考点卡归纳→评价量表自评教材课文+本学案逐空解析Step1语篇感知-在语境中读懂考点◆语篇-StephenHawking:themindbeyondthewheelchair语篇通过真实语境呈现本单元核心语法。先做以下读前思考，再动手填空。①通读全文，用一句话概括语篇的主要话题或主人公的经历。②动笔填空前，先圈出每处空格前后的『线索词』（介词、连词、修饰语、时间状语），猜一猜它可能考哪类语法点。【课文语法填空】StephenHawking,(1)______(recognize)asoneofthegreatestscientistsofhistime,wasknownforhiscontributionstoscienceaswellashowheovercamegreatsufferinginhislife.Hisstorymadehimahouseholdnameandaninspirationtoall.Hawking(2)______(be)borninEnglandin1942.HewenttotheUniversityofOxfordat17andthentotheUniversityofCambridge(3)______furtherhisstudies.Sadly,he(4)______(diagnose)withaterriblediseaseshortlyafterhis21stbirthday.Thisdiseaseslowly(5)______(rob)peopleoftheabilitytomovetheirmuscles.Hawking(6)______(tell)heonlyhadafewyearstolive.Ashisillnessgotworse,Hawkingstartedusingawalkingsticktogetaroundandlaterneededawheelchair,(7)______hehadasurprisinglypositiveattitudetowardslife.“AlthoughIcannotmoveandIhavetospeak(8)______acomputer,inmymindIamfree,”hesaidlater.Hawkinglivedonandcontinuedtoworktillhediedat76.Despitehispoorhealth,Hawking’sinfluenceonmodernscience(9)______(be)great.Muchofhisworkfocusedonunderstandingouruniversebetterand(10)______(explain)thebeginningofspaceandtime.Hisworkhasnotonlychangedourviewoftheuniverse,(11)______alsoprovidedpeoplewithanewwayofthinking.Hewasalsoknownforhiscontinuedeffortsintrying(12)______explainverydifficultscientificideastoawideraudience.Hishighlypopularbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,(13)______(translate)intomorethan30languagesand(14)______(sell)over25millioncopiessinceitwasfirst(15)______(publish)in1988.Today,wheneverHawking’sname(16)______(mention),peopleremembernotonlyhisscientificachievements,(17)______hiscouragetofightagainsthisdifficulties.Hawkingneverlethisillnessstandinhisway.“Howeverdifficultlifemayseem,thereisalwayssomethingyoucandoandsucceedat,”heoncesaid.“Itmatters(18)______youdon’tjustgiveup.”语篇考查重点解题提示StephenHawking:themindbeyondthewheelchair词性转换、动词时态与语态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、冠词、代词、从句、名词、比较等级、特殊句式、形式主语先通读把握大意，再逐空看前后搭配线索（介词/连词/修饰语）。🔎本单元语法聚焦传记以一般过去时为主线叙述生平，现在完成时强调影响延续至今。被动语态（wasborn,wasdiagnosed,hasbeentranslated）高频出现。although/despite/however引导的让步与转折是逻辑重点。非谓语动词（tofurther,tomove,explaining）与定语从句（that/which）密集。Step2考点建构-把零散考点归类成卡把本单元设空按语法大类归并，每一类给出『考查功能→解题锦囊→直击易错→即时小练』，化『机械罗列』为『按类建构』。下面13张考点卡为初中语法通用工具，请结合本单元语篇使用。〖必备考点1〗考点卡1-词性转换考查功能根据空格在句中充当的成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语/表语），把括号里的提示词转换成正确的词性。解题锦囊看成分：作主语/宾语多用名词；作定语多用形容词；作状语多用副词；作表语看修饰人(-ed)还是物(-ing)。后缀规律：动词→名词常加-tion/-ment/-ance/-ure；名词→形容词常加-ful/-al/-ous/-ive；形容词→副词加-ly。易混：-ing结尾形容词修饰『事物/事』，-ed结尾修饰『人/感受』，如interesting/interested。⚠直击易错只变词性忘了变『数/级』，或把修饰物的-ing与修饰人的-ed用反；看到括号提示词先判断它在本句『做什么成分』再变形。练.Hawkingwas___________(recognize)asagreatscientist.（答案：recognized）〖必备考点2〗考点卡2-副词考查功能考查副词的构成与用法：由形容词加-ly构成以修饰动词、形容词或整个句子；或考查逻辑副词（however/therefore/though）表衔接。解题锦囊构成：形容词+-ly（quick→quickly）；以-y结尾变-ily；以-le结尾变-ly；whole→wholly、true→truly为特殊变化。逻辑副词：however（转折）、therefore/thus（因果）、though（让步）常放句首或句中起衔接作用。位置：修饰动词多置于其后，修饰全句常置于句首或句末。⚠直击易错形容词变副词常拼错（漏把y改为i，或漏双写）；逻辑副词易与连词混用（however不能和but同现）。练.HewenttoCambridge___________(far)hisstudies.（答案：tofurther）〖必备考点3〗考点卡3-非谓语动词考查功能句中已有谓语动词时，其余动词须用非谓语形式：不定式todo、动名词doing、分词doing/done，分别表示目的、主语/宾语、主动/被动。解题锦囊作主语/宾语：常用动名词doing或不定式todo；固定搭配要记牢（minddoing,wanttodo）。作定语/状语/补语：看与所修饰词的主被动——主动用doing，被动用done，将来/目的用todo。标志词：by+doing；Itis+adj.+todo；seesb.do/doing；beeasy/difficulttodo。⚠直击易错分不清doing与todo的固定搭配（如lookforwardtodoing中to是介词）；或忘记非谓语没有『时态』只有『态』(主动/被动)。练.___________(sad),hewasdiagnosedwithaterribledisease.（答案：Sadly）〖必备考点4〗考点卡4-动词时态与语态考查功能根据时间状语、上下文时态基调及主语与动词的主动/被动关系，确定动词的正确时态与语态。解题锦囊时间线索：now→现在进行/一般现在；yesterday/last→一般过去；since/for→现在完成；by+将来→将来完成。被动语态：be+过去分词；注意be的时态与主语单复数（abookis,booksare）。特殊：主将从现（if/when引导条件/时间状语从句，主句将来、从句现在）。⚠直击易