河南周口市商水县2026届高三下学期一模英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南周口市商水县2026届高三下学期一模英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheUrbanArtFoundation(UAF)andtheParisUrbanCultureWeekarehonoredtolaunch“BrushtheCity”aspartofArtworks2026,encouragingartists,designers,andartenthusiaststoco-createpublicartworksthatintegratewithurbanspaces.Thisyear’sworkshopfocusesonusingarttorevitalize(使复兴)oldurbandistricts,invitingparticipantstoexpresstheirunderstandingofurbanrenewalthroughinteractiveart.TheworkshopwillbeheldintheLeMaraisArtSpace,Paris,fromSeptember8toSeptember22,2026(10:00—18:00daily).Allparticipantswillreceiveprofessionalguidancefromrenownedurbanartists,and10outstandingworkswillbepermanentlypreservedinthedistrict.ParticipationGuidelines※Format:Individualsandteams(teamsof2—4people)arebothwelcome.Participantsneedtosubmitacreationproposal(includingconceptdescriptionandsketch)insteadoffinishedworks.※ApplicationProcess:RegisterviatheUAFofficialwebsiteandfillintheparticipationform;Provideashortpersonal/teamintroduction(maximum150words)includingyourartexperienceandunderstandingofurbanpublicart.Requirements·Thecreationproposalmustbeoriginal.Participantsmustensuretheyhavethecopyrightofallsubmittedmaterials.·Theproposedworksmustbesuitableforoutdoorpublicdisplay.·AllparticipantsmustattendtheopeningmeetingonSeptember8,2026,andcompletethecreationwithintheworkshopperiod(noearlywithdrawalisallowedwithoutspecialreasons).FurtherInformationParticipantscanviewthepreviousworkshop’soutstandingworksandcreationcasesontheUAFofficialwebsitetogaininspirationfortheirproposals.AllapplicationsandcreationproposalsmustbesubmittedbyJuly15,2026.Lateapplicationswillnotbereviewed.Formoreinformation,contactworkshop@beforeJune1,2026,andourteamwillreplywithin2workingdays.1.Whatisthethemeofthe“BrushtheCity”workshop?A.DisplayingfamousurbanartworksinParis.B.Trainingyoungartistsinstreetarttechniques.C.Collectingfineartworksfromartistsworldwide.D.Usingarttopromotetherenewalofoldurbanareas.2.Whichofthefollowingisamustforparticipation?A.Ensuringthecreationproposalisoriginal.B.Participatinginpartnershipwithfourfriends.C.Writingateamintroductionofatleast150words.D.Submittingafinishedpublicartworkbeforetheworkshop.3.Whatisthedeadlineforsubmittingapplications?A.June1,2026. B.July15,2026.C.September8,2026. D.September22,2026.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了BrushtheCity艺术工作坊相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thisyear’sworkshopfocusesonusingarttorevitalize(使复兴)oldurbandistricts(今年的研讨会专注于利用艺术来振兴老城区)”可知，BrushtheCity研讨会的主题是用艺术促进老城区的更新。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Requirements部分中“Thecreationproposalmustbeoriginal.Participantsmustensuretheyhavethecopyrightofallsubmittedmaterials.(创作提案必须是原创的。参与者必须确保他们对所有提交的材料拥有版权)”可知，确保创作提案是原创的是参与的必要条件。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据FurtherInformation部分中“AllapplicationsandcreationproposalsmustbesubmittedbyJuly15,2026.Lateapplicationswillnotbereviewed.(所有申请和创作提案必须在2026年7月15日前提交。逾期申请将不予审核)”可知，提交申请的截止日期是2026年7月15日。故选B。BForoveradecade,Ioversawthemarketingstrategyforalargetechfirm.Inoticedacommonworkplacetrap:Mostfellowsrushedfromtasktotask,fueledbycoffeeandurgentrequests,yetrarelystoppedtoreflectiftheirbusynesswasmeaningful.Thisoftenledtohurrieddecisions,overlookeddetails,andstress—somethingIavoidedwithsimple,practicalstrategiesbalancingefficiencyandthoughtfulness.Ourofficewasalwaysalivewithactivities:Emailspouredinnonstop,unscheduledmeetingspoppedup,anddemandscamefromeverydirection.Itwaseasytoacquiescetoeveryrequestwithoutcriticalthought,whichquicklyleftusmentallyandphysicallyexhausted.That’swhyarecenttipfromabusinessmagazinehithomedeeplywithme:“Lesshurry,betterdecisions.”Thecoreadvicewassimpleyetpowerful.First,pause(暂停)for30secondsbeforeacceptinganyrequest.Ask:Isthismyresponsibility,orcanitbehandedoff?Doesitmatchmygoals?Thisquickcheckpreventsunnecessaryenergy-drainingburdens.Second,writedowntheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofimportantdecisions.Seeingcostsandbenefitsinblackandwhiteclarifiespriorities,especiallywhenworkplacetimeisprecious.Ihavealsoadoptedtwopersonalstrategiesovertheyearsthatproveinvaluable.Timeblocking—reservingtwohoursweeklyonmycalendartofocuswithoutinterruptions,reflectonongoingprojects,andcatchupontasksI’vebeenputtingoff—helpsmeslowdownandavoidthechaosofconstantrushing.Additionally,formajordecisionswithnotightdeadline,Ialwaystrytotakeanightandthinkaboutthemthenextday.Anight’srestoftenbringsfreshperspectiveandclarity,makingeventhemostcomplexchoicesmucheasiertoaddress.Infast-pacedworkplaces,weshouldn’tconfusebusynesswithproductivity.Avoidinghurrydoesn’tmeandelayingtasks;itmeansgivingdecisionsthethoughtfulattentiontheydeserve.Bypausing,planning,andresting,wecanworkmoreefficientlyandmakewiserchoices—withoutthestressofconstantrushing.4.Whydoestheauthormentionhisworkexperienceinthetechfirm?A.Tocomplainabouttheheavyworkload.B.Topresentacommonworkplacesituation.C.Topraisetheefficiencyofhisformerleaders.D.Toshowtheimportanceofmarketingstrategies.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“acquiesceto”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Agreewith. B.Commenton. C.Relateto. D.Hesitateover.6.Whichstrategydidtheauthorusetoavoidhurrieddecisions?A.Acceptingallrequeststoavoidconflicts.B.Askingothersforhelpwithtoughdecisions.C.Workingextrahourstofinishtasksontime.D.Sleepingonimportantdecisionswhenpossible.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttodeliver?A.Teamworkleadstobetterproductivity.B.Constantrushingharmsmentalhealth.C.Simplestrategiescanhelpmakewiserdecisions.D.Timeblockingisthebestwaytomanageworktasks.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了避免匆忙以做出更明智职场决策的方法。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Foroveradecade,Ioversawthemarketingstrategyforalargetechfirm.Inoticedacommonworkplacetrap:Mostfellowsrushedfromtasktotask,fueledbycoffeeandurgentrequests,yetrarelystoppedtoreflectiftheirbusynesswasmeaningful.Thisoftenledtohurrieddecisions,overlookeddetails,andstress—somethingIavoidedwithsimple,practicalstrategiesbalancingefficiencyandthoughtfulness.(十多年来，我一直负责一家大型科技公司的营销策略。我注意到一个普遍存在的职场误区：大多数人靠着咖啡和紧急任务在各项工作之间疲于奔命，却很少停下来思考自己的忙碌是否有意义。这种状态往往会导致仓促决策、细节疏漏和精神压力——而我通过一些简单实用的策略平衡了效率与思考，从而避免了这些问题)”可知，作者提到他在科技公司的工作经历是为了呈现一个常见的职场情况。故选B。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Itwaseasytoacquiescetoeveryrequestwithoutcriticalthought,whichquicklyleftusmentallyandphysicallyexhausted.(很容易不假思索地acquiesceto每一个要求，这很快就会让我们身心疲惫)”以及后文“That’swhyarecenttipfromabusinessmagazinehithomedeeplywithme:“Lesshurry,betterdecisions.”(这就是为什么最近一本商业杂志的一个建议让我深有感触：“少些匆忙，做出更好的决定。”)”可知，不假思索地同意每一个要求会让人身心疲惫，因此无法做出更好的决定，故acquiesceto意为“同意”。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Additionally,formajordecisionswithnotightdeadline,Ialwaystrytotakeanightandthinkaboutthemthenextday.Anight’srestoftenbringsfreshperspectiveandclarity,makingeventhemostcomplexchoicesmucheasiertoaddress.(此外，对于没有紧迫期限的重大决定，我总是试着花一个晚上思考，第二天再考虑。一夜的休息往往会带来新的视角和清晰度，使即使是最复杂的选择也更容易处理)”可知，作者尽可能在重要决定上睡一觉以避免匆忙做决定。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Avoidinghurrydoesn’tmeandelayingtasks;itmeansgivingdecisionsthethoughtfulattentiontheydeserve.Bypausing,planning,andresting,wecanworkmoreefficientlyandmakewiserchoices—withoutthestressofconstantrushing.(避免匆忙并不意味着拖延任务；这意味着要给予决定应有的深思熟虑。通过暂停、计划和休息，我们可以更高效地工作，做出更明智的选择——而无需承受不断匆忙的压力)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在科技公司工作时注意到的职场陷阱，即人们常常匆忙做决定而忽略细节和压力，以及作者如何通过一些简单实用的策略来平衡效率和思考，从而避免匆忙做决定。可知，作者想传达的信息是简单的策略可以帮助做出更明智的决定。故选C。CEarlyinlife,weabsorbournativelanguage.Wegivepeopleandthingsnames.Thatismommy.Thosearetrees.Wesliceandsorttheworldwithgrammar.Atree’srootsarehometomillionsofmicroorganismsandhundredsofmacroones.Blossomfalls,waterevaporates,andvastnetworksoffungi(真菌)passmessagesbetweenarboreal(树栖的)friends.Words,though,willabstractthetree.They’llcutawaytheroots,ignoretheorganisms,andisolatetheirfunctions.Wearetaughttoseeonlythetree.Theaward-winning,bestsellingnaturewriterRobertMacfarlaneexploredinhisnewbook,IsARiverAlive?,howfarourwordsandunderstandingcutupandabstracttheriversinourlives.Herecognizesthatnaturecanbearesourcethatadvanceshumandevelopment,buthebelieveswehavegonetoofarinthisdirection.Ourlanguageshowsthewaywethink,andweincreasinglytreatnatureassomethingwithoutlife—cold,unfeeling,justbeingthereforustoexploit(开采).InTheQuestionConcerningTechnology,MartinHeideggerarguedthatsomuchofthemodernmindsetseesnatureasastandingreserve.Wepourwastewaterintoriversandburnancientwoodlandsbecauseweseethemasresources.Weseetheinstrumentalvalueofnatureratherthanrecognizeitasathingwithitsownvalue.Germany’sRhine,forexample,hasbeenthesourceofinspirationforthousandsofpoets,writers,andwalkers.It’sexistedassomethingwithitsownkindoflifeforceandpersonality.Yet,onceahydroelectricdamisbuiltintotheriver,itappearsassomethingatourcommand,losingitsautonomousliveliness.AsAlanWattsputit,“ThegameofWesternphilosophyandscienceistotraptheuniverseinanetworkofwordsandnumbers,sothereisalwaysthetemptation(诱惑)toconfusegrammarwiththeactualoperationsofnature.Airandwatercannotbecutorheld,andtheirflowstopswhentheyareenclosed.Thereisnowayofputtingastreaminabucketorthewindinabag.”8.Whydoestheauthordescribeatree’secosystemindetail?A.Todemonstratethebiodiversityinforests.B.Toemphasizethenecessityoftreeprotection.C.Tocriticizetheeducationalignoranceofmicrobiology.D.Tocontrastnature’srichnesswithlanguage’sreductiveabstraction.9.Whatdoes“astandingreserve”inparagraph3referto?A.Alifelessobjectreadyforhumanuse.B.Asourceofinspirationforallwalksoflife.C.Amuch-neededplacefornatureprotection.D.Apreservedresourcebeyondinstrumentalvalue.10.WhichofthefollowingmayAlanWattsagreewith?A.Sciencemustdefinetermsprecisely.B.Natureflowsbeyondlanguagesymbols.C.Grammarandnatureareeasilyconfused.D.Environmentalprotectionrequiresstricterlaws.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Modernsciencehasconsiderablelimitations.B.Westernphilosophycontributestoecologicalstudies.C.Languageshapesourperceptionofnatureasanobject.D.Humanexploitationofnaturedamagestheenvironment.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了语言对自然认知的抽象化影响。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Earlyinlife,weabsorbournativelanguage.Wegivepeopleandthingsnames.Thatismommy.Thosearetrees.Wesliceandsorttheworldwithgrammar.Atree’srootsarehometomillionsofmicroorganismsandhundredsofmacroones.Blossomfalls,waterevaporates,andvastnetworksoffungi(真菌)passmessagesbetweenarboreal(树栖的)friends.Words,though,willabstractthetree.They’llcutawaytheroots,ignoretheorganisms,andisolatetheirfunctions.Wearetaughttoseeonlythetree.(在生命早期，我们便习得了母语。我们给人和事物命名：这是妈妈，那些是树。我们用语法剖析、归类世界。一棵树的根系是数百万微生物和数百种大型生物的家园。花朵飘落，水分蒸发，庞大的真菌网络在树栖伙伴之间传递信息。然而，词汇却会对树进行抽象化处理。它们会砍去根系，忽略生物，并孤立其功能。我们被教导只看到树本身)”可知，作者详细描述树的生态系统是为了将自然的丰富性与语言简化的抽象性进行对比。故选D。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“InTheQuestionConcerningTechnology,MartinHeideggerarguedthatsomuchofthemodernmindsetseesnatureasastandingreserve.Wepourwastewaterintoriversandburnancientwoodlandsbecauseweseethemasresources.(在《技术的追问》一书中，马丁·海德格尔认为，现代人的许多观念都将自然视为一种“astandingreserve”。我们将废水倒入河流，焚烧古老的林地，因为我们将它们视为资源)”可知，我们向河流排放污水、烧毁古老林地，因为我们把它们当作资源。现代人的许多观念都将自然视为一种无生命的、可供人类使用的物体，astandingreserve指的是一种无生命的、可供人类使用的物体。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“AsAlanWattsputit,“ThegameofWesternphilosophyandscienceistotraptheuniverseinanetworkofwordsandnumbers,sothereisalwaysthetemptation(诱惑)toconfusegrammarwiththeactualoperationsofnature.Airandwatercannotbecutorheld,andtheirflowstopswhentheyareenclosed.Thereisnowayofputtingastreaminabucketorthewindinabag.”(正如艾伦·沃茨所言：“西方哲学与科学的游戏，就是把宇宙困在文字与数字的网络中，因此人们总忍不住把语法规则与自然的真实运转混为一谈。空气和水无法被切割或禁锢，一旦被封闭，流动便会停止。没人能把溪流装进桶里，也没人能把风装进袋子里。”)”可知，艾伦·沃茨认为自然流动超越了语言符号。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Words,though,willabstractthetree.They’llcutawaytheroots,ignoretheorganisms,andisolatetheirfunctions.Wearetaughttoseeonlythetree.(然而，词汇却会对树进行抽象化处理。它们会砍去根系，忽略生物，并孤立其功能。我们被教导只看到树本身)”可知，文章主要讨论了语言如何塑造我们对自然的认知，使其被视为一个对象。故选C。DMicrobatscouldberegardedasnature’sforgottensuperheroes.Thesetinycreaturescanconsumeinsectsuptohalftheirbodyweightinasinglenight,helpingtocontrolmosquitonumbersandprotectagriculturalcrops.Yeturbanizationhasbroughtsignificantchangestotheirlivingconditions.Housingdevelopmentandvegetationlosshavereducedtheirfeedingandrestingareas,whichmayplacesomemicrobatspeciesatgrowingrisk.Microbatsdependontwoessentialresources:suitablefeedinggroundsandsecurerestingsites.Whilehigh-qualityfeedinghabitatshavebeenidentifiedinSydney,CaraghThrelfall,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofMelbourne,pointsoutthatlandmanagersshouldalsoprotectrestingplacestosupportthelong-termsurvivalofmicrobatpopulations.Notably,batsarenottheonlyonesaffected.Forinstance,mothnumbershavefalleninsomeurbanareas,whichcaninturnaffectthelocalfoodchain.“Ourworkshowedthatoverallinsectpopulationsdeclinewithincreasingurbandensity(密度),”theresearcherexplains.Therearemorethan80knownbatspeciesinAustralia,43ofwhichareclassifiedaslocallyornationallythreatened.AccordingtoQueensland’sDepartmentofEnvironmentandHeritageProtection,35ofthesethreatenedspeciesaremicrobats.“Tohelpbatscoexistincities,weneedtokeeplarge,oldtreesacrosstheurbanlandscapeandpreserveareasthatprovidegoodfeedinghabitats,”Threlfalladds.ResearchersfromBrisbaneandSydneyhaveobservedfewerbatspeciesinheavilybuilt-upareas,whereassuburbscanstillsupportarichvarietyofbatlife.Thissuggeststhatsomespeciescantoleratemoderatelevelsofurbandevelopment,aslongassufficienttreesremainintheenvironment.Beyondacertainpoint,however,batpopulationsbegintodrop.MorecomprehensiveurbanplanningassessmentsthattakebathabitatneedsintoaccountarecurrentlyunderwayforMelbourne’sbatcommunities.Withthisevidence,itisbelievedthatfutureguidelinescanbedevelopedtoprotectbatspeciesacrossAustraliancities.12.Whatledtothedeclineinmicrobats’population?A.Threatsfromrisingwildlife.B.Competitionamongbatspecies.C.Developmentcausinghabitatdamage.D.Climatechangeaffectinginsectavailability.13.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph4mainlyshow?A.Thesignificanceofprotectingancienttrees.B.TheseverechallengefacingAustralianbats.C.ThewidedistributionofbatspeciesinAustralia.D.Theextremedifficultyinsavingrarebatspecies.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Microbatsareunabletosurviveinurbanizedareas.B.UrbandevelopmentwillbesloweddownacrossAustralia.C.Suburbshavemoremicrobatspeciesduetofewerresidents.D.Properurbanplanningmaylowertherisktomicrobatpopulations.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Microbats:Nature’sInsectEatersB.Microbats:FriendsofUrbanResidentsC.RescuingMicrobatsfromUrbanizationD.PlanningandBuildingEco-FriendlyCities【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市化对微蝙蝠的影响及保护措施。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yeturbanizationhasbroughtsignificantchangestotheirlivingconditions.Housingdevelopmentandvegetationlosshavereducedtheirfeedingandrestingareas,whichmayplacesomemicrobatspeciesatgrowingrisk.(然而，城市化给它们的生活条件带来了重大变化。住房开发和植被丧失减少了它们的觅食和休息区域，这可能使一些微蝙蝠物种面临越来越大的风险)”可知，导致微蝙蝠数量下降的原因是开发造成的栖息地破坏。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Therearemorethan80knownbatspeciesinAustralia,43ofwhichareclassifiedaslocallyornationallythreatened.AccordingtoQueensland’sDepartmentofEnvironmentandHeritageProtection,35ofthesethreatenedspeciesaremicrobats.(澳大利亚已知有80多种蝙蝠物种，其中43种被列为地方或国家受威胁物种。根据昆士兰州环境与遗产保护部的数据，这些受威胁物种中有35种是微蝙蝠)”可知，这些数字主要表明了澳大利亚蝙蝠面临的严峻挑战。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Thissuggeststhatsomespeciescantoleratemoderatelevelsofurbandevelopment,aslongassufficienttreesremainintheenvironment.Beyondacertainpoint,however,batpopulationsbegintodrop.(这表明，只要环境中有足够的树木，一些物种可以容忍适度的城市发展。然而，超过一定程度，蝙蝠数量就会开始下降)”以及最后一段中“MorecomprehensiveurbanplanningassessmentsthattakebathabitatneedsintoaccountarecurrentlyunderwayforMelbourne’sbatcommunities.Withthisevidence,itisbelievedthatfutureguidelinescanbedevelopedtoprotectbatspeciesacrossAustraliancities.(目前正在对墨尔本的蝙蝠群落进行更全面的城市规划评估，以考虑蝙蝠栖息地的需求。有了这些证据，相信未来可以制定指导方针来保护澳大利亚城市的蝙蝠物种)”可知，合理的城市规划可能会降低微蝙蝠种群面临的风险。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段中“Yeturbanizationhasbroughtsignificantchangestotheirlivingconditions.Housingdevelopmentandvegetationlosshavereducedtheirfeedingandrestingareas,whichmayplacesomemicrobatspeciesatgrowingrisk.(然而，城市化给它们的生活条件带来了重大变化。住房开发和植被丧失减少了它们的觅食和休息区域，这可能使一些微蝙蝠物种面临越来越大的风险)”可知，文章主要讲述了城市化对微蝙蝠栖息地的影响，以及为保护微蝙蝠所采取的措施，如进行城市规划评估等，所以最佳标题是“RescuingMicrobatsfromUrbanization(从城市化中拯救微蝙蝠)”。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Frombackyardgamestoindoordancesessions,playisvitalforchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealth.____16____Asplaytimecontinuestodeclineformanychildren,UNESCOisremindingusallthateverychildneedstoplay.Playisnotjustapastime;it’skeytochildren’sphysicalandmentalwell-being.Playofferssignificantphysicalbenefits.UNESCOnotesthattwohoursofdailyoutdoortimeboostschildren’sphysicalactivitybynearly30%comparedtostayingindoors.____17____Activitieslikejumping,running,climbingandbalancingenhancemotorskills,coordinationandendurance,promotinghearthealth,strongermusclesandbones,andreducingobesityrisks.Theyalsoimprovesleepqualityandoverallenergylevels.Specificphysicalactivityguidelinesexistfordifferentagegroups.____18____Forthoseagedfivetoseventeen,onehourofmoderateexercise—suchasrunning,cycling,swimmingorsports—isrecommended.Regrettably,manychildrenfailtomeetthesestandards,withglobaltrendsshowinglessoutdoortimethanever.____19____Itallowschildrentoexplorefeelings,buildresilience(适应力)anddevelopsocialskillslikemakingandmaintainingfriendships.Playhelpschildrenmakesenseoftheworld,feelsafeandloved,andexpressemotionstheycannotyetputintowords.____20____Allinall,playisessentialforchildren’shealthydevelopment.Evenshortdailysessionsofplaycanenhancebothphysicalstrengthandemotionalresilience.Ensuringallchildrenhaveaccesstosafeplayopportunitiesshouldbeaprioritytosupporttheirall-rounddevelopment.A.Physicalplayalsoimprovessleepquality.B.Playisequallycrucialforemotionalandmentalwell-being.C.Childrenunderfiveneedatleastthreehoursofphysicalactivitydaily.D.Italsoboostsconfidenceandstrengthensbondswithfamilyandfriends.E.Yetnowadays,childrenoftenignoreplayduetoscreensandbusyschedules.F.Playhasamazinghealthbenefitsforourbody,especiallyforpeopleintheoffice.G.Outdoorplayprovidesspace,freshairandsunlight,whichindooractivitiescannot.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.B20.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了玩耍对儿童身心健康发展的重要性及具体益处。【16题详析】由上文“Frombackyardgamestoindoordancesessions,playisvitalforchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealth.(从后院游戏到室内舞蹈课，玩耍对儿童的身心健康至关重要)”及下文“Asplaytimecontinuestodeclineformanychildren,UNESCOisremindingusallthateverychildneedstoplay.(随着许多儿童的玩耍时间持续减少，联合国教科文组织提醒我们，每个孩子都需要玩耍)”可知，上文说明了玩耍对儿童的重要性，下文指出现在许多儿童玩耍时间减少，本空应说明儿童玩耍时间减少的原因。E选项“Yetnowadays,childrenoftenignoreplayduetoscreensandbusyschedules.(然而如今，孩子们常常因为屏幕和繁忙的日程而忽略玩耍。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】由上文“UNESCOnotesthattwohoursofdailyoutdoortimeboostschildren’sphysicalactivitybynearly30%comparedtostayingindoors.(联合国教科文组织指出，与待在室内相比，每天两小时的户外活动时间可使儿童的体育活动量增加近30%)”及下文“Activitieslikejumping,running,climbingandbalancingenhancemotorskills,coordinationandendurance,promotinghearthealth,strongermusclesandbones,andreducingobesityrisks.(像跳跃、跑步、攀爬和平衡这样的活动可以增强运动技能、协调性和耐力，促进心脏健康，增强肌肉和骨骼，降低肥胖风险)”可知，上文说明了户外活动对儿童的好处，下文具体说明了户外活动的好处，本空应进一步说明户外活动的好处。G选项“Outdoorplayprovidesspace,freshairandsunlight,whichindooractivitiescannot.(户外活动提供了室内活动无法提供的空间、新鲜空气和阳光)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。【18题详析】由上文“Specificphysicalactivityguidelinesexistfordifferentagegroups.(针对不同年龄段有具体的体育活动指南)”及下文“Forthoseagedfivetoseventeen,onehourofmoderateexercise—suchasrunning,cycling,swimmingorsports—isrecommended.(对于5至17岁的儿童，建议进行一小时的中等强度运动，如跑步、骑自行车、游泳或运动)”可知，上文说明了不同年龄段有具体的体育活动指南，下文具体说明了5至17岁儿童的体育活动指南，本空应说明5岁以下儿童的体育活动指南。C选项“Childrenunderfiveneedatleastthreehoursofphysicalactivitydaily.(5岁以下的儿童每天至少需要3小时的体育活动)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【19题详析】由下文“Itallowschildrentoexplorefeelings,buildresilience(适应力)anddevelopsocialskillslikemakingandmaintainingfriendships.Playhelpschildrenmakesenseoftheworld,feelsafeandloved,andexpressemotionstheycannotyetputintowords.(它让孩子们探索情感，建立适应力，并发展社交技能，如建立和维持友谊。玩耍帮助孩子们理解世界，感到安全和被爱，并表达他们还无法用语言表达的情感)”可知，本段开始论述玩耍对心理、情感层面的益处。B选项“Playisequallycrucialforemotionalandmentalwell-being.(玩耍对情感和心理健康同样至关重要)”总领本段，引出下文心理相关内容，符合语境。故选B。【20题详析】由上文“Playhelpschildrenmakesenseoftheworld,feelsafeandloved,andexpressemotionstheycannotyetputintowords.(玩耍帮助孩子理解世界、感受安全与关爱，并表达他们无法用语言描述的情绪)”可知，上文描述了玩耍对孩子心理、情感层面的益处，此处继续阐述玩耍对孩子心理、社交的积极作用。D选项“Italsoboostsconfidenceandstrengthensbondswithfamilyandfriends.(它还能增强自信，加固与家人朋友的联系)”能承接上文，进一步补充玩耍的心理益处，符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DavidRossgrewupinabaseballfamily.HeplayedintheCollegeWorldSerieswithAuburnUniversityandwaslater____21____bytheDodgers,atopbaseballteamwithagreatreputation.YethisjourneywiththeDodgerswasfarfrom____22____.Inhisfirstgame,he____23____tohittheballandwassentoffthefield.Thoughhehitahomerunlaterthatseason,fewpeople____24____.For13ofhis15professionalyears,heservedasabackup.Actually,therewasa____25____periodwhenheservedasastarter—onlytoberemovedfromtheteamforbeinga“badteammate”soon.That____26____wokehimupandchangedhim.He____27____thatnoonewouldeversaythatabouthimagain.____28____tomakeachange,DavidstartedafreshinAtlanta.Heplacedawhiteboardinthelockerroomandaskedeveryteammate,“Choosethreewordsto____29____thebestteammateyou’veeverhad.”Thus,hecreatedalistofthe____30____itwouldtaketobecomeagreatteammateandworkedhardatit.Fouryearslater,that____31____.HewonaWorldSerieswithBoston.Then,inhislastprofessionalgamewiththeChicagoCubs,Davidhitahomerun—____32____theCubstowintheirfirstWorldSeriesin108years.Histeammates,whocouldhardly____33____theirexcitement,rushedtohimand____34____liftedhimontotheirshoulders—notonlyforwinningthegame,butfor____35____thelabelofa“badteammate”hehadoncevowed(发誓)toovercome.21.A.drafted B.released C.dismissed D.rescued22.A.unnecessary B.decisive C.smooth D.irregular23.A.happened B.expected C.pretended D.failed24.A.noticed B.worried C.replied D.appeared25.A.brief B.hard C.busy D.fruitful26.A.desire B.experience C.concern D.confusion27.A.realized B.doubted C.proved D.resolved28.A.Embarrassed B.Determined C.Amazed D.Frightened29.A.describe B.encourage C.impress D.defeat30.A.purposes B.risks C.qualities D.lifestyles31.A.sloweddown B.paidoff C.fellflat D.ranout32.A.reminding B.urging C.persuading D.enabling33.A.predict B.contain C.distinguish D.share34.A.responsibly B.curiously C.joyfully D.accidentally35.A.bearing B.checking C.ignoring D.removing【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.C31.B32.D33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了DavidRoss从失败到成功并去除“坏队友”标签的经历。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他与奥本大学一起参加了大学世界系列赛，后来被声望很高的顶级棒球队道奇队选中。A.drafted（被）选中，征召；B.released释放；C.dismissed解雇；D.rescued营救。根据下文“bytheDodgers,atopbaseballteamwithagreatreputation”可知，他参加比赛表现出色后被道奇队选中，drafted符合语境，故选A。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他与道奇队的旅程远非一帆风顺。A.unnecessary不必要的；B.decisive决定性的；C.smooth顺利的；D.irregular不规则的。根据上文“Inhisfirstgame,he______tohittheballandwassentoffthefield”可知，他在第一场比赛中表现不佳，旅程并不顺利，故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的第一场比赛中，他没能击中球，被赶下了场。A.happened发生；B.expected期望；C.pretended假装；D.failed失败。根据下文“tohittheballandwassentoffthefield”可知，他没能击中球，被赶下了场。failedtodosth.表示“未能做某事”，故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管那个赛季晚些时候他打出了本垒打，但很少有人注意到。A.noticed注意到；B.worried担心；C.replied回复；D.appeared出现。根据上文“Thoughhehitahomerunlaterthatseason,fewpeople”可知，他打出本垒打，但很少有人关注，故选A。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：实际上，有一段短暂的时期他担任首发——但很快因被认为是一个“坏队友”而被移出球队。A.brief短暂的；B.hard艰难的；C.busy忙碌的；D.fruitful富有成效的。根据下文“whenheservedasastarter—onlytoberemovedfromtheteamforbeinga“badteammate”soon”可知，他担任首发的时间很短，很快被移出球队，故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次经历让他清醒并改变了他。A.desire欲望；B.experience经历；C.concern关心；D.confusion困惑。根据下文“wokehimupandchangedhim”可知，这里指他被移出球队这次经历让他清醒并改变了他，故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他下定决心，再也不会有人这样说他了。A.realized意识到；B.doubted怀疑；C.proved证明；D.resolved决定，下定决心。根据下文“thatnoonewouldeversaythatabouthimagain”可知，他被说成“坏队友”后下定决心改变，故选D。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：决心做出改变，David在亚特兰大重新开始。A.Embarrassed尴尬的；B.Determined下定决心的；C.Amazed惊讶的；D.Frightened害怕的。根据下文“DavidstartedafreshinAtlanta”可知，在亚特兰大重新开始，此处指他下定决心改变，故选B。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在更衣室里放了一块白板，让每个队友“选择三个词来描述你曾经有过的最好的队友”。A.describe描述；B.encourage鼓励；C.impress给……留下印象；D.defeat打败。根据上文“Choose