2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案

2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Inanexperiment,studentsobservedthegrowthofplantsunderdifferentlightconditions.Theresultsshowedthatplantsexposedto______lightgrewtallerandhadbroaderleaves.A.full-spectrumB.infraredC.ultravioletD.monochromatic参考答案：A2.Whendesigningacitypark,itisimportanttoconsidertheplacementofbenches.Benchesshouldbeplacedinareaswherethereis______sunlightforpeopletorelaxandsocialize.A.minimalB.moderateC.excessiveD.none参考答案：B3.Agroupofstudentsconductedasurveytounderstandthepreferencesoftheirpeersregardingextracurricularactivities.Thesurveyrevealedthatthemostpopularactivitywas______.A.dramaclubB.debateteamC.sciencefairD.sportscompetition参考答案：D4.Inascienceclass,studentswereaskedtomeasurethevolumeofaliquidusingagraduatedcylinder.Theliquidwaspouredintothecylinder,andthemeniscuswasreadateyelevel.Thevolumeoftheliquidwas______milliliters.A.25.3B.35.2C.42.1D.18.7参考答案：C5.Duringafieldtriptoahistoricalmuseum,studentsweregivenaworksheettocomplete.Theworksheetrequiredthemtoidentifytheerainwhicheachartifactwascreated.Theartifactthatwasdatedbacktothe18thcenturywasthe______.A.porcelainvaseB.bronzestatueC.leatherjournalD.woodendesk参考答案：B6.Inabiologyexperiment,studentsinvestigatedtheeffectoftemperatureontherateofphotosynthesis.Theresultsindicatedthattherateofphotosynthesiswashighestatatemperatureof______degreesCelsius.A.15B.25C.35D.45参考答案：B7.Ateamofengineerswastaskedwithdesigningabridgethatcouldwithstandstrongwinds.Thedesignincluded______toensurestabilityandsafety.A.flexiblesupportsB.rigidsupportsC.diagonalbracingD.verticalbracing参考答案：C8.Inachemistrylab,studentsmixedtwosolutionstoobserveachemicalreaction.Thereactionproducedagasthatfilledtheflask.Thegaswasidentifiedas______.A.oxygenB.carbondioxideC.hydrogenD.nitrogen参考答案：B9.Duringaphysicsexperiment,studentstestedtheeffectoffrictiononthemotionofaslidingobject.Theresultsshowedthattheobjectslidthefarthestonasurfacewith______friction.A.highB.lowC.mediumD.none参考答案：B10.Agroupofstudentsparticipatedinacommunityserviceprojecttocleanupalocalpark.Theprojectwassuccessfulbecausethestudentsworkedtogetherand______.A.complainedabouttheworkloadB.arguedaboutwhodidmoreC.helpedeachotherwithouthesitationD.refusedtofollowtheplan参考答案：C二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.Theteamofengineersiscurrently______anewtypeofpublictransportationsystemthataimstoreducetrafficcongestioninurbanareas.参考答案：developing2.Accordingtothelatestreport,thecityplansto______20%ofitsbudgettoimprovepublicsafetymeasuresoverthenextfiveyears.参考答案：allocating3.Inanexperiment,studentsobservedthe______ofdifferentmaterialswhensubjectedtoheat,recordingtheirmeltingpointsandthermalconductivity.参考答案：behavior4.Agroupofstudentsis______acommunitygardenproject,whichinvolvesplantingvegetablesandherbstosupportlocalfoodbanks.参考答案：organizing5.Thelocalgovernmentis______toimplementstricterregulationsonindustrialemissionstoprotecttheenvironment.参考答案：considering6.Duringthefieldtriptothehistoricalmuseum,studentswereaskedto______theexhibitsandtakenotesontheirhistoricalsignificance.参考答案：document7.Thechemistrylabexperimentrequiredstudentsto______thepHlevelsofvarioussolutionsusing指示剂.参考答案：measure8.Ateamofscientistsis______thecausesofclimatechangebyanalyzingatmosphericdataandconductingcomputersimulations.参考答案：investigating9.Theschool'sscienceclubis______arocketmodelthatwillbelaunchedduringtheannualsciencefair.参考答案：constructing10.Inabiologyexperiment,studentsweretaskedwith______thegrowthpatternsofplantsunderdifferentlightconditions.参考答案：observing三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Theuseofthepresentperfecttenseisappropriatewhenreferringtoanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.参考答案：√2.Inthesentence"Shehasgonetothelibrary,"theword"has"istheauxiliaryverb.参考答案：√3.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.参考答案：√4.Thestructure"subject+presentparticiple"canbeusedtoformacontinuoustense.参考答案：√5.Theword"will"isalwaysusedtoexpressfuturecertainty.参考答案：×6.Thesimplefuturetenseisformedbyadding"-s"totheverbforhe,she,it.参考答案：√7.Themodalverb"can"isusedtoexpressabilityorpossibility.参考答案：√8.Thepassivevoiceispreferredwhentheactoroftheactionisunknownorunimportant.参考答案：√9.Thestructure"subject+pastparticiple"isusedtoformtheperfecttense.参考答案：√10.Theword"must"isusedtoexpressstrongobligationornecessity.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.WhatisthepastperfecttenseusedforinEnglishgrammar?参考答案：Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastactionortime.2.Howdoyouformthepassivevoicewiththeverb"write"inthepresentperfecttense?参考答案：Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttenseisformedwith"has/havebeen+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Theletterhasbeenwritten."3.Canyouexplainthedifferencebetween"must"and"haveto"inmodalverbs?参考答案：Mustisusedtoexpressstrongnecessityorobligation,whilehavetoisusedtoexpressexternalnecessityorobligation.4.Whatisthestructureofasentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thestructureis"subject+has/havebeen+verb-ing."Forexample,"Theyhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohours."5.WhyisitimportanttousethecorrectarticlebeforeanouninEnglish?参考答案：UsingthecorrectarticleisimportantforgrammaticalaccuracyandclarityinEnglish.6.Howwouldyouchangethesentence"Theyareplayingfootball"tothepastsimpletense?参考答案：Thesentenceinthepastsimpletenseis"Theyplayedfootballyesterday."7.Whatisthefunctionofthemodalverb"might"inasentence?参考答案：Mightisusedtoexpresspossibilityoruncertaintyinasentence.8.Describetheprocessofformingthefutureperfecttensewiththeverb"togo".参考答案：Thefutureperfecttenseisformedwith"willhavebeen+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Theywillhavegonetotheconcertbytomorrow."五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）（请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写最后结果不得分）1.Acityparkisplanningtoinstallanewsetofplaygroundequipment.Theparkhasabudgetof50,000forthisproject.Theequipmentincludesswings,slides,andaclimbingstructure.Theswingscost1,200each,theslidescost2,500each,andtheclimbingstructurecosts8,000.Iftheparkdecidestobuy10swingsand5slides,howmanyclimbingstructurescantheyaffordwiththeirbudget?A.2B.3C.4D.5参考答案：B2.Alocalgardencenterissellingplantsatadiscount.Rosesarepricedat15each,andtulipsarepricedat10each.Acustomerbuys6rosesandanunknownnumberoftulips.Ifthetotalcostofthepurchaseis90,howmanytulipsdidthecustomerbuy?A.3B.4C.5D.6参考答案：C3.Ascienceexperimentrequiresasolutionwithaspecificconcentration.Thesolutionismadebymixingasolutewithasolvent.Thesolutecosts5perliter,andthesolventcosts2perliter.Iftheexperimentneeds10litersofthesolutionandthefinalcostis50,howmanylitersofthesolventwereused?A.5B.6C.7D.8参考答案：A4.Aschoolisorganizingafieldtriptoamuseum.Thecostofthetripis10perstudent.Iftheschoolhas200studentsandwantstodonate1,000tothemuseum,howmanystudentscangoonthetrip?A.150B.160C.170D.180参考答案：B5.Abakeryismakingbatchesofcookies.Eachbatchrequires2cupsofflourand1cupofsugar.Ifthebakeryhas10cupsofflourand6cupsofsugar,howmanybatchesofcookiescantheymake?A.3B.4C.5D.6参考答案：B6.Acaristravelingataconstantspeedof60milesperhour.Howfarwillthecartravelin3hours?A.120milesB.180milesC.240milesD.300miles参考答案：C7.Aboxcontains20redmarbles,15bluemarbles,and10greenmarbles.Ifamarbleisdrawnatrandom,whatistheprobabilityofdrawingabluemarble?A.1/2B.1/3C.3/5D.2/5参考答案：D8.Astoreishavingasale,andallitemsare20%off.Ashirtoriginallycosts30.Howmuchwilltheshirtcostduringthesale?A.6B.24C.26D.36参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：A解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“实验设计与观察”。正确选项A“full-spectrum”意为“全光谱”，符合植物生长所需的多种光线，故为正确答案。选项B“infrared”意为“红外线”，植物主要进行光合作用利用的是可见光，红外线对植物生长影响较小；选项C“ultraviolet”意为“紫外线”，过量紫外线对植物有害；选项D“monochromatic”意为“单色光”，单一颜色的光不利于植物全面生长。干扰项设计均基于学生实验中可能出现的真实错误认知。2.参考答案：B解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“城市公共设施设计”。正确选项B“moderate”意为“适度的”，公园中适当的光照有利于居民休息，过强或过弱的光照都不宜。选项A“minimal”意为“最小的”，缺乏光照不利于活动；选项C“excessive”意为“过度的”，强光会让人不适；选项D“none”意为“没有”，完全无光照不可行。干扰项设计基于学生对光照需求认知的常见偏差。3.参考答案：D解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“调查数据分析”。正确选项D“sportscompetition”意为“体育竞赛”，符合高中生普遍偏好的活动类型。选项A“dramaclub”意为“戏剧社”；选项B“debateteam”意为“辩论队”；选项C“sciencefair”意为“科学展览”，这些活动虽然受欢迎但不如体育活动普及。干扰项设计基于学生调查中可能出现的样本偏差。4.参考答案：C解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“实验测量与数据记录”。正确选项C“42.1”为合理测量值，符合实验室操作规范。选项A“25.3”、选项B“35.2”、选项D“18.7”均为干扰项，通过调整数值分布模拟学生测量误差。解析中需点明“graduatedcylinder”的读数精度要求。5.参考答案：B解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“历史文物年代判断”。正确选项B“bronzestatue”意为“青铜雕像”，18世纪是青铜器制作的活跃时期。选项A“porcelainvase”意为“瓷花瓶”；选项C“leatherjournal”意为“皮制笔记本”；选项D“woodendesk”意为“木制书桌”，这些物品的年代特征与题干不符。干扰项设计基于常见文物认知错误。6.参考答案：B解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“生物实验变量分析”。正确选项B“25”为植物光合作用最佳温度范围。选项A“15”、选项C“35”、选项D“45”分别对应低温抑制、高温胁迫、过高温度抑制，均非最佳温度。干扰项设计基于实验条件设置的常见错误。7.参考答案：C解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“工程结构设计原理”。正确选项C“diagonalbracing”意为“斜向支撑”，能有效增强抗风性能。选项A“flexiblesupports”、选项B“rigidsupports”、选项D“verticalbracing”均不如斜向支撑抗风效果。干扰项设计基于结构力学常见错误认知。8.参考答案：B解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“化学反应产物鉴定”。正确选项B“carbondioxide”意为“二氧化碳”，符合常见酸碱反应产物。选项A“oxygen”、选项C“hydrogen”、选项D“nitrogen”均为干扰项，通过改变气体性质模拟实验误判。解析需点明“化学方程式配平”原理。9.参考答案：B解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“物理实验变量控制”。正确选项B“low”意为“低摩擦”，符合滑动距离与摩擦力反比关系。选项A“high”、选项C“medium”、选项D“none”均与物理规律相悖。干扰项设计基于学生实验操作中常见控制变量错误。10.参考答案：C解析：本题考查《2026年北师大版高中英语高二年级下册第10单元语法填空专项训练习题及答案》中的“团队协作能力评价”。正确选项C“helpedeachotherwithouthesitation”意为“毫不犹豫地互相帮助”，符合成功团队特征。选项A“complainedabouttheworkload”、选项B“arguedaboutwhodidmore”、选项D“refusedtofollowtheplan”均为负面团队行为。干扰项设计基于学生真实协作场景中的典型错误。二、填空题1.参考答案：developing解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“工程师团队正在开发一种新型的公共交通系统”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。2.参考答案：allocating解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“城市计划将20%的预算用于改善公共安全措施”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。3.参考答案：behavior解析：本题考查名词。根据句意“学生们观察了不同材料在受热时的行为”，指材料在受热时的表现，故用behavior。4.参考答案：organizing解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“学生团体正在组织一个社区花园项目”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。5.参考答案：considering解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“地方政府正在考虑实施更严格的工业排放法规”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。6.参考答案：document解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“在历史博物馆的实地考察中，学生们被要求记录展品的历史意义”，指记录、记载，故用document。7.参考答案：measure解析：本题考查动词。根据句意“化学实验室实验要求学生使用指示剂测量各种溶液的pH值”，指测量，故用measure。8.参考答案：investigating解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“科学家团队正在调查气候变化的原因”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。9.参考答案：constructing解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“学校的科学俱乐部正在建造一个将在年度科学展览中发射的火箭模型”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。10.参考答案：observing解析：本题考查动词的现在进行时态。根据句意“在生物学实验中，学生们被要求观察植物在不同光照条件下的生长模式”，表示动作正在进行，故用现在进行时态。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查现在完成时的用法。现在完成时用于描述过去开始并持续到现在的动作，符合题干描述。2.参考答案：√解析：本题考查助动词的用法。在句子"Shehasgonetothelibrary"中，"has"是助动词，用于构成现在完成时。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查过去完成时的用法。过去完成时用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，符合题干描述。4.参考答案：√解析：本题考查进行时的构成。进行时由"subject+presentparticiple"构成，符合题干描述。5.参考答案：×解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。"will"用于表达未来可能性，但不是总是表达未来确定性，有时也用于表达意愿或预测。6.参考答案：√解析：本题考查简单将来时的构成。简单将来时由"subject+will+baseformoftheverb"构成，对于he,she,it需要加"-s"，符合题干描述。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。"can"用于表达能力或可能性，符合题干描述。8.参考答案：√解析：本题考查被动语态的用法。被动语态用于描述动作的承受者，当动作的执行者未知或不重要时使用，符合题干描述。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查完成时的构成。完成时由"subject+pastparticiple"构成，符合题干描述。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。"must"用于表达强烈的义务或必要性，符合题干描述。四、简答题1.参考答案：Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastactionortime.解析：本题考查pastperfecttense的用法。解析：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoindicatethatanactionwasfinishedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Forexample,inthesentence"Shehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforeshewenttobed,"thephrase"hadfinished"showsthatfinishinghomeworkhappenedfirstbeforegoingtobed.Thistensehelpstoestablishasequenceofeventsinthepast.2.参考答案：Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttenseisformedwith"has/havebeen+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Theletterhasbeenwritten."解析：本题考查passivevoice的形成。解析：Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttenseisformedusingtheauxiliaryverb"has"or"have"followedby"been"andthepastparticipleofthemainverb.Forinstance,withtheverb"write,"thepassiveconstructionwouldbe"has/havebeenwritten."Thisstructureisusedtofocusonthereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.3.参考答案：Mustisusedtoexpressstrongnecessityorobligation,whilehavetoisusedtoexpressexternalnecessityorobligation.解析：本题考查modalverbs的区别。解析：Themodalverb"must"isusedtoexpressastrongsenseofnecessityorobligation,oftencomingfromthespeaker.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework."Ontheotherhand,"haveto"isusedtoindicatenecessityorobligationthatcomesfromanexternalsource.Forexample,"Ihavetoattendthemeetingbecausemybossaskedmeto."4.参考答案：Thestructureis"subject+has/havebeen+verb-ing."Forexample,"Theyhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohours."解析：本题考查presentperfectcontinuoustense的结构。解析：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedwiththestructure"subject+has/havebeen+verb-ing."Thistenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuesuptothepresent.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingforthreehours."5.参考答案：UsingthecorrectarticleisimportantforgrammaticalaccuracyandclarityinEnglish.解析：本题考查articles的使用。解析：Articles("a,""an,"and"the")areimportantinEnglishbecausetheyhelptospecifywhetheranounisgeneralorspecific.Usingthecorrectarticleensuresthatthemeaningofasentenceisclearandgrammaticallycorrect.Forexample,"abook"referstoanybook,while"thebook"referstoaspecificbook.6.参考答案：Thesentenceinthepastsimpletenseis"Theyplayedfootballyesterday."解析：本题考查pastsimpletense的形成。解析：Tochangethesentence"Theyareplayingfootball"tothepastsimpletense,youneedtoremovethe"be"verbandaddthepasttenseformofthemainverb.Thepasttenseformof"play"is"played."Therefore,thesentencebecomes"Theyplayedfootball."Thistenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatwerecompletedinthepast.7.参考答案：Mightisusedtoexpresspossibilityoruncertaintyinasentence.解析：本题考查modalverb"might"的功能。解析：Themodalverb"might"isusedtoexpresspossibilityoruncertainty,ofteninmoreformalcontexts.Forexample,"Hemightbelateforthemeeting."Thisverbisalsousedtomakepolitesuggestionsorrequests.8.参考答案：Thefutureperfecttenseisformedwith"willhavebeen+pastparticiple."Forexample,"Theywillhavegonetotheconc