重庆市九龙坡区某中学2026届高三适应性训练(二)英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆市九龙坡区某中学2026届高三英语适应性训练(二)试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATREEbyTREEGuelmim,Morocco|15/03/2026to15/09/2026|Applyby07/02/2026Thereisasix-monthprojectbattlingdesertificationthroughsustainabledevelopmentandenvironmentaleducation,focusingoncreatingforests.Volunteerswillengageinexpandingthenursery,installingirrigationsystems,preparingfruittreeseedlings,maintainingandfertilizing(施肥)trees,andconductingecologicalawarenessworkshopsforlocalchildren.Additionaltasksincludetraining,producingorganicfertilizer,andmaintainingsocialmediaandreports.YouthBloomEco-VillageAs-Salt,Jordan|01/04/2026to29/05/2026|Applyby18/02/2026Thereisanature-basedlearningspacefortheyouthtoconnectwithnature,learnbiodiversity,andexperiencesustainableliving.Itincludestrails,eco-buildings,gardens,activityzones,andsmallanimalfacilities.Volunteersassistinlandpreparation,treeplanting,eco-building,farming,workshops,andtrainingsessions.ClimateCampaignFloriana,Malta|23/01/2026to31/01/2028|Applyby08/02/2026Thevolunteer-supportclimateinitiativefocusesonclimatejustice,renewableenergy,andsustainablemobility.Tasksincludetakinglessonsonclimateissues,policywork,communications,andcommunityoutreachtopromotewalking,cycling,publictransport,andfossilfuelphase-out.ZeroWasteCampaignFloriana,Malta|23/01/2026to31/01/2028|Applyby08/02/2026Volunteersassistacampaignpromotingwastereduction,reuseandrecycling,andresponsibleconsumption.Activitiesincludepolicysupport,publicconsultations,communications,andcommunityeventssuchasworkshops,withafocusonreducingfoodwasteandlandfilluse.1.WhatismentionedasanadditionaltaskintheTREEbyTREEproject?A.Producingorganicfertilizer. B.Buildingeco-friendlystructures.C.Supportingpolicydevelopment. D.Organizingcommunityworkshops.2.Whichprojecthastheshortestduration?A.TREEbyTREE B.YouthBloomEco-VillageC.ClimateCampaign D.ZeroWasteCampaign3.Whatdoalltheprojectshaveincommon?A.Theyalllastforatleastsixmonths. B.TheyalltakeplaceinNorthAfricancountries.C.Theyallfocusonenvironmentalprotection. D.TheyallrequireapplicationbyearlyFebruary2026.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】文中介绍四项海外环保志愿项目，分布多国，时长与内容各不相同，涵盖植树治沙、自然研学、气候行动与减废宣传，均呼吁大众践行绿色环保理念。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一部分“Additionaltasksincludetraining,producingorganicfertilizer,andmaintainingsocialmediaandreports.(额外的任务包括培训、生产有机肥料以及维护社交媒体和相关报告)”可知，在“树对树”项目中提到的额外任务是生产有机肥料。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第一部分“15/03/2026to15/09/2026（2026年3月15日至2026年9月15日）”；第二部分“01/04/2026to29/05/2026（2026年4月1日至2026年5月29日）”；第三部分“23/01/2026to31/01/2028（2026年1月23日至2028年1月31日）”以及第四部分“23/01/2026to31/01/2028（2026年1月23日至2028年1月31日）”可知，青春绽放生态村项目的工期最短【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一部分“Thereisasix-monthprojectbattlingdesertificationthroughsustainabledevelopmentandenvironmentaleducation,focusingoncreatingforests.(有一个为期六个月的项目，旨在通过可持续发展和环境教育来对抗荒漠化，重点在于营造森林)”；第二部分“Thereisanature-basedlearningspacefortheyouthtoconnectwithnature,learnbiodiversity,andexperiencesustainableliving.(这里有一个以自然为主题的教育空间，供青少年与大自然亲密接触、学习生物多样性以及体验可持续生活方式)”；第三部分“Thevolunteer-supportclimateinitiativefocusesonclimatejustice,renewableenergy,andsustainablemobility.(“志愿者支持气候行动倡议”主要关注气候正义、可再生能源以及可持续交通领域)”以及第四部分“Volunteersassistacampaignpromotingwastereduction,reuseandrecycling,andresponsibleconsumption.(志愿者们参与了一项旨在倡导减少浪费、重复利用和回收利用以及负责任消费的活动)”可知，所有这些项目都致力于环境保护。BBrownieWisewasaself-madewomanwhorevolutionizedmarketingstrategiesandhadatalentformotivatingothers.Sheintroducedthenowpopularhouseholditem,Tupperware,tothemarket.Asapioneeringbusinesswomanwhentherewerenotmanywomeninbusiness,sheservesasaninspirationforgenerationsofwomen.ShewasborninGeorgiain1913anddreamedofbecomingawriterandillustrator.Duringthelate1930sandearly1940s,WisecontributedtotheDetroitNewsExperiencecolumn.Beyondwriting,sheworkedbrieflyinanadagencyandasasalespersoninaclothingstore.Later,sheandhermotherbegansellingStanleyHomeProductsathomeparties;oneofhersalesmethodswasademonstrationofhowtheproductsworked.EventhoughshebecameoneofthetopStanleysalespeople,Stanley’sfoundertoldherthatasawoman,shehadnoplaceinmanagement.Sherefusedtoacceptthatandswitchedtosellinganewproduct:Tupperware.WhileTupperwareiseverywherenow,itwasnotsellingwellinthelate1940sandearly1950s.Mostpeoplewerenotusedtohavingconsumerproductsmadeofplasticatthattime.Wise,whosawpromiseintheproduct,begansellingitwithhermotherinthelate1940s.Sheadoptedthehomepartytechnique,throwingpartiesanddemonstratingTupperwaremainlytowomen.SherecruiteddealersandmanagersandwassoonsellingmoreTupperwarethananystore.In1951,Tupper,thefounderofTupperware,recruitedWisetodevelopthepartyplanmodelandmadeherVicePresidentofMarketing.ThisjobtitlemadeWiseoneofthefewfemaleexecutivesatthetime.AfterWisetookovermarketing,millionsofTupperwareproductsbeganflyingofftheshelves.Wisebecamethepublicfaceofthecompany,appearinginmediaandspeakingatnationalconferences.ShewasthefirstwomantoappearonthecoverofBusinessWeek.TupperwarenowincludesWiseandhercontributionsinthecompany’sofficialhistory.Thehomepartymodelshepioneerednotonlyensuredthesuccessofthatcompanybutalsoinspiredhundredsofothers.4.WhatcanweinferaboutWise’searlycareeraspirations?A.Shehadaclearcareergoalinherearlyyears.B.Sheplannedtobecomeatopsalesperson.C.Sheintendedtoholdamanagementposition.D.Sheaimedtoworkinthebusinessworldfromthestart.5.Thephrase“flyingofftheshelves”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.beingdisplayedinstores B.beingsoldinlargequantitiesC.beingtransportedbyair D.beingremovedfromshelves6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBrownieWise?A.Creativeanddetermined. B.Shyandcautious.C.Generousandquiet. D.Humorousandeasygoing.7.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutWise’simpactonbusiness?A.Sheimprovedthedesignofhouseholditems.B.Shemadeplasticproductsmoreaffordableforconsumers.C.Sheopeneddoorsforwomenincorporateleadership.D.Sheincreasedtheprofitabilityoftheadvertisingindustry.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文介绍了白手起家的女商人布朗尼·怀斯，她凭借创新的营销策略成功推广特百惠产品，打破职场性别偏见，跻身企业高层，不仅成就了自身事业，也为后世商界女性开辟了道路，成为激励一代又一代女性的榜样。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“ShewasborninGeorgiain1913anddreamedofbecomingawriterandillustrator.(她1913年出生于佐治亚州，梦想成为一名作家和插画师。)”可知，怀斯早年就有明确的职业梦想，有着清晰的职业目标。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“AfterWisetookovermarketing,millionsofTupperwareproductsbeganflyingofftheshelves.Wisebecamethepublicfaceofthecompany,appearinginmediaandspeakingatnationalconferences.(怀斯接手营销工作后，数百万件特百惠产品flyingofftheshelves。怀斯成为了公司的公众形象代表，她在媒体上露面，并在国家会议上发表演讲。)”可知，怀斯接手特百惠的营销工作后，很成功，说明产品销量大幅提升，因此“flyingofftheshelves”的意思是“被大量售出”。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Sheadoptedthehomepartytechnique,throwingpartiesanddemonstratingTupperwaremainlytowomen.(她采用家庭聚会的方式，举办聚会并主要向女性展示推销特百惠产品。)”可知，怀斯创新了产品销售模式，体现出她的创造力；根据第二段“EventhoughshebecameoneofthetopStanleysalespeople,Stanley’sfoundertoldherthatasawoman,shehadnoplaceinmanagement.Sherefusedtoacceptthatandswitchedtosellinganewproduct:Tupperware.(尽管她成为了斯坦利公司最顶尖的销售人员之一，但公司创始人告诉她，作为女性，她在管理层没有立足之地。她拒绝接受这一点，转而销售一种新产品：特百惠。)”可知，怀斯面对性别歧视毫不妥协，体现出她的坚定。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThisjobtitlemadeWiseoneofthefewfemaleexecutivesatthetime.(这一职位让怀斯成为当时为数不多的女性企业高管。)”以及第一段“Asapioneeringbusinesswomanwhentherewerenotmanywomeninbusiness,sheservesasaninspirationforgenerationsofwomen.(在商界女性不多的年代，作为一名开创性的女商人，她成为了一代又一代女性的榜样。)”可知，怀斯打破了商界的性别偏见，为渴望进入企业领导层的女性打开了大门。CInaworldoverflowingwithinformation,itmayseemoddthatpeopleoftengooutoftheirwaynottolearnsomething.Whetherit’sskippingafollow-updoctor’sappointmentorrefusingtoreadanunsettlingnewsarticle,thistendencyhasaname:the“Ostrich(鸵鸟)Effect,”justlikethebirdsupposedlyburyingitsheadinthesand.ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagosetouttounderstandwhenandwhythisoccurs.Inoneexperiment,childrenagedfrom5to10wereaskedtoimaginetheirfavoriteandleastfavoritecandy.Thencamethechoice:Wouldtheyliketowatchavideoaboutwhyeatingthatcandywasbadfortheirteeth?Childrenattheageof5or6wantedtoknow—goodorbad,theinformationitselfwasexciting.Olderchildren,however,hesitated.Theyweremuchlessinterestedinhearingaboutthedownsidesoftheirfavoritetreat,thoughtheyhadnoproblemlearningwhytheirleastfavoritecandywasbad.Sowhydochildrentransformfromfearlesslearnersintostrategicavoiders?Theanswerliesinemotions.Informationisnotneutral(中立的)—itoftencarriesconsequencesforhowwefeel.Newsaboutourhealth,abilities,orbeliefscantriggerdisappointment,anxiety,orshame.Byavoidingknowledge,peopleprotectthemselves,atleastintheshortterm,fromnegativeemotions.Sparingourselvesfromdistresscanbeprotective,yetwhenavoidancebecomeshabitual,thecostscanoutweighthebenefits.Atapersonallevel,refusingtolearnimportantmedicalinformationcanendangerhealth.Atasocietallevel,avoidancemayentrenchpoliticaldividesorrigidbeliefs.Whenpeopledeliberatelytuneoutperspectivesthatchallengetheirworldview,theyloseopportunitiesforgrowth,understanding,andconnection.Atitscore,theOstrichEffectrevealssomethingdeeplyhuman.Wearecuriouscreatures,butalsofragileones.Wewanttoknow,yetwefearwhatknowingmightmean.Thispushandpullshapesourdecisionseveryday.Thisiswhyresearchersstresstheimportanceofteachingchildrennotonlytoembracecuriosity,butalsotodevelopresilience(韧性)andalwaysgrabthechancetolearn,adapt,andsucceed.8.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthe“OstrichEffect”?A.Astudentwhoaskshisteacherforfeedbackonapoorlywrittenessay.B.Apersonwhoreadsthetermsandconditionsbeforesigningacontract.C.Awomanwhothrowsawayunopenedbillsfromthecreditcardcompany.D.Acouplewhowatchesadocumentaryontheeffectsofclimatechange.9.Whatdidtheexperimentwithchildrenrevealaboutolderkids?A.Theyweremoreinterestedinlearningaboutthedisadvantagesoftheirleastfavoritecandy.B.Theyshowedreluctancetolearnabouttheharmfuleffectsoftheirfavoritecandy.C.Theyweregenerallylesscuriousthanyoungerchildrenaboutalltypesofcandy.D.Theypreferredtolearnaboutthepositiveaspectsofcandyratherthannegative.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepossibleconsequenceoftheOstrichEffect?A.Immediateemotionalcomfort. B.Improveddecision-making.C.Reducedanxietyinthelongrun. D.Deepenedsocialandpoliticaldivisions.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofteachingresiliencetochildren.B.Thecomparisonbetweenhumanandostrichbehavior.C.Thereasonschildrenbecomelesscuriousastheygrow.D.Thetendencytoavoidunpleasantinformationanditseffects.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【语篇解读】文章介绍了鸵鸟效应，指人们刻意回避不愿知晓的负面信息的心理倾向，通过儿童实验阐释该现象形成的情绪原因，同时点明习惯性回避信息带来的诸多负面影响，并呼吁人们保持好奇心与抗压能力。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whetherit’sskippingafollow-updoctor’sappointmentorrefusingtoreadanunsettlingnewsarticle,thistendencyhasaname:the“Ostrich(鸵鸟)Effect,”justlikethebirdsupposedlyburyingitsheadinthesand.(无论是逃避参加后续的医生检查，还是拒绝阅读一篇令人不安的新闻报道，这种行为都有一个名称：这就是“鸵鸟效应”，就像那只鸟会把头埋进沙子里一样。)”可知，鸵鸟效应是刻意回避不好的信息，C项“女性扔掉未拆封的信用卡账单”符合该行为特点。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theyweremuchlessinterestedinhearingaboutthedownsidesoftheirfavoritetreat,thoughtheyhadnoproblemlearningwhytheirleastfavoritecandywasbad.(他们不愿了解自己喜爱零食的坏处，却愿意知晓不爱吃的糖果存在的危害。)”可知，年龄偏大的孩子不愿了解喜爱糖果的负面影响。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Atasocietallevel,avoidancemayentrenchpoliticaldividesorrigidbeliefs.(从社会层面来讲，回避信息会加深政治分歧与固执的观念。)”可知，鸵鸟效应会加剧社会与政治分歧。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Whetherit’sskippingafollow-updoctor’sappointmentorrefusingtoreadanunsettlingnewsarticle,thistendencyhasaname:the“Ostrich(鸵鸟)Effect,”justlikethebirdsupposedlyburyingitsheadinthesand.(无论是逃避参加后续的医生检查，还是拒绝阅读一篇令人不安的新闻报道，这种行为都有一个名称：这就是“鸵鸟效应”，就像那只鸟会把头埋进沙子里一样。)”可知，全文围绕人们回避负面信息的鸵鸟效应展开，介绍其表现、形成原因以及带来的各类影响。DOnEarthDay—April22—theXPrizeFoundation,whichholdsconteststhatencouragepeopletocomeupwithnewideastosolvebigproblems,announcedthewinnersofitsCarbonRemovalcontest.AcompanycalledMatiCarbonwonthe$50millionprize.Theirmethodissimple,butitcouldremovehugeamountsofcarbondioxideandalsohelpfarmersgrowmorefood.Thecompanyusesaverycommonkindofvolcanicrockcalledbasalt.Basaltisusedworldwidetoconstructroadsandbuildings.Companiesthatbreakupthebasaltoftenhaveafinepowderofbasaltleftoverthattheycan’tuse.Luckily,thisisexactlywhatMatiCarbonneeds.Thecompanyremovescarbonbyspreadingthisrockpowderonfarmfields.ThepowderpullsCO₂outofthewaterinthesoilandstoresitinawaythatwilllastforthousandsofyears.Mati’smethodofcarbonremovaliscalled“enhancedrockweathering”.Theresultsaren’tjustgoodfortheenvironment—they’realsogoodforthefarmers.Farmerswhousethebasaltpowderontheirfieldsgrowroughly25%morefood.Inareaswithpoorsoil,farmerscangrowasmuchas70%more.MatiCarbonisalreadyspreadingbasaltpowderonfarmsinseveralcountries,includingIndia,Tanzania,andZambia.Thecompanyisfocusedonworkingwithsmallfarmersinpoorercountries,puttingthepowderontheirfarmlandsforfree.Topayforthis,thecompanysells“carboncredits”.SinceMatiCarbonisremovingpollution,largecompaniesthatcreatepollutionbuycreditsto“offset”theirpollutionsotheycanbe“carbonneutral”.OneofthethingsthatimpressedtheXPrizejudgesishowthecompanycarefullytracksandrecordstheimpactitishaving.Sofar,MatiCarbonhasremovedover1,000metrictonsofCO₂.Butthecompanybelievesthatnumberwillgrowrapidly.Itisplanningtobeginworkinthreemorecountriessoonandallowothercompaniestouseitsmethodstoreachevenmoreareas.12.Whatisthematerialusedbythewinningcompany?A.Acommonvolcanicrockcalledbasalt.B.Awastepowderfromconstructionmaterialproduction.C.Achemicalcompounddevelopedspeciallyforcarbonremoval.D.Atypeofsoilfoundonlyinpoorercountries.13.WhatisthemainpurposeofMatiCarbon’smethod?A.Tocutdownthecostofbasaltprocessingforconstruction.B.Todevelopanewtechnologytoproducecarboncredits.C.Toremovecarbondioxideandhelpincreasecropyields.D.Tohelppoorcountriesimprovetheirfarmingefficiency.14.HowdoesMatiCarbon’smethodwork?A.ItfiltersCO₂directlyfromtheairwithfarm-basedequipment.B.ItspreadsbasaltpowderonfarmstoabsorbCO₂fromsoilwater.C.ItusesspecialbacteriatobreakdownCO₂inthefarmlandsoil.D.ItaddsbasaltpowdertoroadmaterialstotrapCO₂intheair.15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.PowerfulIdeaWinsCarbonRemovalXPrize.B.GreatChanceExistsintheGreenAgriculture.C.MatiCarbonHasMoreCarbonCreditstoSell.D.JointEffortPaysoffinBreakinguptheBasalt.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.A【语篇解读】文章讲述在世界地球日——4月22日，举办竞赛鼓励人们提出解决重大问题新想法的XPrize基金会，揭晓了其碳清除大赛的获胜者。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Companiesthatbreakupthebasaltoftenhaveafinepowderofbasaltleftoverthattheycan’tuse.(加工玄武岩的企业常会产生无法利用的玄武岩细粉末)”以及第三段“Luckily,thisisexactlywhatMatiCarbonneeds.(幸运的是，这正是马蒂碳业公司所需要的材料)”可知，该公司使用的材料是建材生产所产生的废弃粉末。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theirmethodissimple,butitcouldremovehugeamountsofcarbondioxideandalsohelpfarmersgrowmorefood.(他们的方法很简单，但可以清除大量的二氧化碳，还能帮助农民种植更多的粮食)”可知，这项方法的主要目的是清除二氧化碳并帮助提高农作物产量。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecompanyremovescarbonbyspreadingthisrockpowderonfarmfields.ThepowderpullsCO₂outofthewaterinthesoilandstoresitinawaythatwilllastforthousandsofyears.(该公司通过将这种岩石粉末撒在农田上来清除碳。这种粉末从土壤的水分中提取二氧化碳，并以一种可以持续数千年的方式储存起来)”可知，其运作方式是在农田上撒玄武岩粉末，以吸收土壤水分中的二氧化碳。【15题详析】主旨大意题。全文围绕XPrize碳清除大赛展开，核心讲述马蒂碳业公司凭借简单有效的固碳方法（撒玄武岩粉末）赢得大奖，介绍了该方法的优势和发展前景，A选项“有力的创意赢得碳清除XPrize大奖”最贴合全文主旨，适合用作标题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Long,longagopeoplecouldn’twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.____16____TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus(纸莎草)plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.____17____Soparchment(羊皮纸),madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.InancientChinabookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.____18____Paper-makinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.____19____Theycarved(雕刻)apageofwordsintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn’tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.____20____Oncealuxuryonlytherichcouldbuy,theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.A.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.B.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.C.BooksintheWestdidn’tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.D.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.E.ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.F.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.G.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.F20.D【语篇解读】文章按时间顺序介绍了书籍载体的演变历史，从口耳相传到文字记录，再到埃及纸莎草纸、中国竹简、丝绸与纸、以及欧洲羊皮纸的相继使用，最后重点讲述了中国雕版印刷术的发明如何使书籍得以大规模、快速地生产，从而普及开来。【16题详析】上文“Long,longagopeoplecouldn’twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.(很久很久以前，人们不会写字，也没有书。但他们有故事。人们用心记住故事并互相教授新的。有时很难记住所有的故事)”描述了文字发明前，人们依靠记忆和口述传承故事的困难。A选项“Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.(当文字被发明时，情况变得稍微容易了一些)”承接上文，明确指出“文字的发明”是解决上述困难的关键转折点。下文开始讲述古埃及人在“纸莎草”上书写故事，正是对“writingwasinvented”之后情况的具体展开。A选项起到了从“史前”过渡到“有文字记录历史”的作用。【17题详析】上文“PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.(其他地方的人们向埃及人学会了使用纸莎草纸)”指出纸莎草纸的使用传播到了埃及以外的地区。E选项“ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.(但是纸莎草主要生长在埃及)”与上文构成转折关系，指出了纸莎草纸推广面临的一个根本性限制：其原材料(纸莎草)的地域局限性。下文“Soparchment(羊皮纸),madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.(所以，用山羊皮制成的羊皮纸后来取代了它)”则顺理成章地说明了由于纸莎草原材料短缺(主要在埃及)，人们找到了替代品——羊皮纸。E选项解释了为何需要寻找“parchment”这一替代品，是逻辑链条中的关键一环。【18题详析】上文“Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.(由树木制成，纸比纸莎草纸或羊皮纸更容易且更便宜制造)”介绍了纸相对于前两种材料的优点(易得、便宜)。B选项“Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.(它的表面也更光滑，更适合书写)”通过“too(也)”这个递进词，进一步补充了纸的另一个优点——书写体验更好。这里的“Itssurface”指代的就是上文提到的“paper(纸)”的表面。该选项使对纸的优点描述更加全面。下文“Paper-makinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.(造纸术后来传播到西方，但这些早期书籍有一个大问题)”则转向讨论纸普及后书籍制作的另一个瓶颈，B选项的补充与下文形成顺畅的语义衔接。【19题详析】下文“Theycarved(雕刻)apageofwordsintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.(他们将一页文字雕刻在一块木头或石头上。然后他们可以通过在木头或石头上涂上墨水并将其压在纸上来印刷这一页)”详细描述了一种早期的印刷技术(雕版印刷)。F选项“TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.(中国人最先想到一个方法来稍微加快速度)”位于段首，作为总起句，点明本段要介绍的是中国人发明的、旨在加速书籍生产的方法。下文的雕版印刷正是对“awaytospeedthingsup”的具体说明。上下文形成“总括-详析”的关系，且F选项中的“TheChinese”与下文的“They”形成指代关系。【20题详析】上文“Butitwasn’tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.(但直到一位德国印刷工人发明了可移动的金属活字，书籍才变得快速且易于制作。这些活字可以用来印刷一份又一份副本，并且可以反复组合来印刷不同页的文字)”介绍了活字印刷术的发明及其带来的革命性变化(快速、批量、可重复使用)。D选项“Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.(最终，书籍可以成千上万地印刷了)”是对上文活字印刷术效果的总结和升华，用“bythethousands”生动地描绘了书籍生产从手工复制到工业化规模印刷的巨大飞跃。下文“Oncealuxuryonlytherichcouldbuy,theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.(曾经是只有富人才能购买的奢侈品，它们很快变成了人人都能享受的珍宝)”则是在D选项的基础上，进一步阐述书籍大规模生产带来的社会影响——普及化。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThissummerIcameface-to-facewiththreedeep-rooted____21____:heights,bears,andaging.Twofriends____22____meonafour-daywildernessgetaway,andsincewewereallinourseventies,wedecidedwe’dbettergowhilewestillcould.Ouradventurebeganwithascarydriveupawindingmountainroad,settingthe____23____forthechallengesahead.Ononehike,Ifoundmyself____24____awireonabridgemadeoftwopartlyrottenlogs,suspendedhighaboverushingrapids.Iwouldneverhaveattemptedit____25____ourguideahead,mouthingencouragingwords.Fixingmyeyesonherboots,I____26____alongtheshakylogs.Somehow,Imadeitacross,floodedwitharushofintenseexcitementandhuge____27____.Later,afterspottingbeartracks,weweretoldtomakeloudnoises,whichsoonbecameagameoncethetension____28____—untilsuddenly,timestoodstill.Wehadjustcrossedastreamwhentheguidewhispered,“There’sabear.”Ilookedupin____29____andsawnotone,buttwo,abouttenmetersaboveus:thebrownmotherinfront,hercubbehind._____30_____scaredspeechless,Icouldn’thelpnoticinghowbeautifultheylookedintheirnaturalsetting.Astheystartedtowardsus,we_____31_____enoughtoshoutandwaveourhikingpoles.Takenaback,theystopped,andthenslowlyturnedaway.Anotherfearwasovercome!Onourfinalmorning,afteraquiet,thoughtfulforestwalk,wewereaskedtobringa“_____32_____”stick,rock,andleaf—Friendshipwouldstick,women’ssupportrocked,andIhopedtoleavesomefearsbehind.Ourguideendedbyexpressingher_____33_____andsayingshehopedtobelikeusinanotherthirtyorfortyyears.Thoseunexpectedwordswarmedmyheartand_____34_____myfearofbeing“overthehill”.BeingvaluedforwhatwehadaccomplishedfeltlikewinninganOlympicmedal,evenifjustfor_____35_____.21.A.fears B.hopes C.dreams D.worries22.A.refused B.joined C.reminded D.deserted23.A.pace B.mood C.atmosphere D.tone24.A.stringingup B.reachingfor C.hangingonto D.pointingat25.A.without B.besides C.except D.beyond26.A.rushed B.crept C.tiptoed D.inched27.A.energy B.comfort C.relief D.anxiety28.A.faded B.accumulated C.strengthened D.increased29.A.amazement B.disbelief C.silence D.calmness30.A.Since B.When C.Though D.Because31.A.recalled B.regained C.reclaimed D.recovered32.A.beautiful B.meaningful C.powerful D.harmful33.A.admiration B.gratitude C.feelings D.support34.A.hid B.faced C.reduced D.eased35.A.fun B.achievement C.participation D.adventure【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.A26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】文章讲述年逾七旬的作者和两位好友开启四天野外探险，途中克服恐高、怕熊和对衰老的恐惧，收获勇气与温暖，感悟老年生活的精彩。【21题详析】考查名词。句意：今年夏天，我直面了三种根深蒂固的恐惧：恐高、怕熊以及畏惧老去。A.fears恐惧；B.hopes希望；C.dreams梦想；D.worries担忧。根据下文“heights,bears,andaging”和第三段“Anotherfearwasovercome!”可知，此处指三种根深蒂固的恐惧。【22题详析】考查动词。句意：两位好友陪我一同开启为期四天的野外短途旅行，我们都已是七十多岁的年纪，便决定趁尚且行动自如抓紧出行。A.refused拒绝；B.joined一同前往；C.reminded提醒；D.deserted抛弃。根据上文“ThissummerIcameface-to-facewiththreedeep-rooted”和空前“Twofriends”可知，两位好友和作者一同参与了这次野外旅行。【23题详析】考查名词。句意：我们的冒险始于驾车沿着蜿蜒崎岖的山路惊险前行，也为接下来将要迎来的种种挑战定下基调。A.pace步伐；B.mood心情；C.atmosphere氛围；D.tone基调。根据上文“Ouradventurebeganwithascarydriveupawindingmountainroad”和下文“forthechallengesahead”可知，惊险的山路驾车为后续的挑战定下了基调。【24题详析】考查动词短语。句意：在一次徒步途中，我只得紧紧抓着一座由两根部分腐朽原木搭建而成的桥上的铁索，这座桥高悬在湍急的急流上方。A.stringingup吊起；B.reachingfor伸手去拿；C.hangingonto紧紧抓住；D.pointingat指向。根据下文“abridgemadeoftwopartlyrottenlogs,suspendedhighaboverushingrapids”可知，身处高悬于急流之上的破旧木桥，作者只能紧紧抓住铁索保障安全。【25题详析】考查介词。句意：倘若前方没有向导一边前行一边说着鼓舞人心的话语，我绝对不敢尝试走这座桥。A.without没有；B.besides除……之外还有；C.except除了；D.beyond超出。根据上文“Iwouldneverhaveattemptedit”和下文“ourguideahead,mouthingencouragingwords”可知，没有向导的鼓励，作者根本不敢尝试走过这座桥。【26题详析】考查动词。句意：我紧紧盯着向导的靴子，缓缓小心翼翼地挪动脚步走过这座摇摇晃晃的木桥。A.rushed冲；B.crept匍匐前行；C.tiptoed踮脚走；D.inched缓慢挪动。根据上文“abridgemadeoftwopartlyrottenlogs”和空后“theshakylogs”可知，木桥摇晃且部分腐朽，作者只能缓慢挪动脚步前行。【27题详析】考查名词。句意：我终于成功走到对岸，内心涌起强烈的激动之情，也倍感如释重负。A.energy精力；B.comfort安慰；C.relief宽慰；D.anxiety焦虑。根据上文“Somehow,Imadeitacross”可知，成功走过危险的木桥后，作者心中满是激动和如释重负的宽慰。【28题详析】考查动词。句意：后来我们发现了熊的足迹，旁人告知我们要大声发出声响，紧张感逐渐消退后，这件事甚至渐渐变成了一种小游戏，直到意外骤然发生。A.faded消退；B.accumulated积累；C.strengthened加强；D.increased增加。根据上文“weweretoldtomakeloudnoises”和“whichsoonbecameagame”可知，最初的紧张感慢慢消退后，大声发声这件事变成了小游戏。【29题详析】考查名词。句意：我难以置信地抬眼望去，映入眼帘的不是一只熊，而是两只，它们就在距离我们十米左右的高处，棕熊妈妈走在前面，小熊跟在身后。A.amazement惊奇；B.disbelief难以置信；C.silence沉默；D.calmness冷静。根据上文“weweretoldtomakeloudnoises,whichsoonbecameagame”和下文“sawnotone,buttwo”可知，原本放松的状态下突然撞见两只熊，作者内心满是难以置信。【30题详析】考查连词。句意：虽然我吓得说不出话，却还是忍不住发觉它们置身自然栖息地时模样十分美好。A.Since自从；B.When当……时；C.Though虽然；D.Because因为。根据下文“scaredspeechless”和“Icouldn’thelpnoticinghowbeautifultheylookedintheirnaturalsetting”可知，前后句存在转折关系，虽然害怕，但还是注意到了熊的美丽。【31题详析】考查动词。句意：就在它们朝着我们走来的时候，我们平复好了慌乱的情绪，大声呼喊并且挥舞手中的登山杖。A.recalled回忆；B.regained重新获得；C.reclaimed收回；D.recovered恢复情绪。根据上文“Astheystartedtowardsus”和下文“toshoutandwaveourhikingpoles”可知，面对靠近的熊，众人快速平复慌乱，恢复镇定并做出应对。【32题详析】考查形容词。句意：行程最后一日清晨，我们在静谧悠然的林间漫步过后，被要求分别带来一样有特殊寓意的树枝、石头和树叶，寓意友谊坚韧长久，女性之间彼此扶持，也希望借此放下内心的诸多恐惧。A.beautiful美丽的；B.meaningful有意义的；C.powerful强大的；D.harmful有害的。根据下文“Friendshipwouldstick,women’ssupportrocked,andIhopedtoleavesomefearsbehind”可知，这三样物品被赋予了特殊寓意，是有意义的。【33题详析】考查名词。句意：行程尾声，向导向我们表达了心中的敬佩之情，还坦言希望三四十年之后自己也能拥有我们这般状态。A.admiration敬佩；B.gratitude感激；C.feelings情绪；D.support支持。根据下文“sayingshehopedtobelikeusinanotherthirtyorfortyyears”可知，向导羡慕作者一行人，内心满是敬佩。【34题详析】考查动词。句意：这番突如其来的暖心话语